Reconstruction analysis
handlenapprefixsinitialnrhymeapcoverM · T
Intermediate reconstructions
Lolo-Burmese*ʔ-napᴸ ‘SNOT’
Loloish*s-napᴸ ‘MUCUS’
Connections
HPTB (PLB)*ʔ-napᴸ ‘snot’pp. 99, 112
See also*s-nak ‘SNOT’
Notes
A few languages have quite similar reflexes, except for a final -k instead of -p. For the moment, we have assigned these to #1318 PTB *s-nak SNOT.
In a couple of languages (Puiron, Kulung), this root has developed the meaning NOSE, although the usual etymon for nose is the allofamically related #803 PTB *s-na ⪤ *s-naːr NOSE.
Reflexes & cognates305 reflexes · 40 subgroups
0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)5
1.1.1Tani2
1.1.1.1Western Tani19
1.1.1.2Eastern Tani6
1.1.2Deng4
1.2Kuki-Chin2
1.2.1.1Northern Chin8
1.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin7
1.2.2Central Chin11
1.2.3Maraic8
1.2.4“Old Kuki”8
1.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)2
1.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group11
Angami (Kohima)(u)#18 PTB *ʔu ‘BODY / CORPSE’PTani *ɯ ‘BODY’ nha³¹ kha⁵⁵morpheme ‘solid mucus’Nienu 90 AngQ: 3.5.7
Angami (Kohima)(u)#18 PTB *ʔu ‘BODY / CORPSE’PTani *ɯ ‘BODY’ nha¹¹ ‘liquid mucus’Nienu 90 AngQ: 3.5.6
Chokri(u)#18 PTB *ʔu ‘BODY / CORPSE’PTani *ɯ ‘BODY’ nha³¹ kha³⁵morpheme ‘solid mucus’Nienu 90 ChoQ: 3.5.7
1.3.3Zeme Group1
1.3.4Tangkhulic6
1.4Meithei5
Meitheina#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’◦koŋ#820 PTB *(g/k)uŋ ‘HOLE / ORIFICE / INNER PART’PNN *koːŋ ‘EMPTY’TGTM *ᴮkʰuŋ ‘HOLE / PIT’PKir *goŋ ‘HEART’PLB *guŋ² ⪤ *kuŋ² ‘HOLLOW / HOLE / EMPTY’PL *koŋ¹ ‘INSIDE HOUSE’ nəp◦thi#572 PTB *kləy ‘BODY DIRT / EXCREMENT’PKC *mik-khlii ‘TEARS’PCN *a-khləjʔ ‘FECES, EXCREMENT’TGTM *ᴬkli ‘FECES,SHIT’PKar *khrejᴮ ‘BODY DIRT’ ‘earwax’Singh 91 MeiQ: 3.6.6
1.5Mikir [Karbi]3
1.7.3.1Jingpho10
2.1.1Western Himalayish3
2.1.2Bodic5
2.1.2.1Tibetan21
Tibetan (Written)be#677 PTB *(b/p)a(ː)y ‘WOMB / PLACENTA / PREGNANT’-snabs ‘vaginal mucus at childbirth’Matisoff 87 BP
Tibetan (Written)snabs-rtugmorpheme ‘nasal mucus, snival’Lit. “snot-excrement”. Zhang Liansheng 88: 65
2.1.4Tamangish23
2.2Newar5
2.3.1Eastern Kiranti1
2.3.2Southern Kiranti4
2.3.4Western Kiranti1
2.4Kham-Magar-Chepang5
3.1Tangut3
3.2Qiangic15
3.3rGyalrongic6
3.3.1rGyalrong8
rGyalrong (Maerkang)təprefix ʃnɐm kɑprefix snɑrmorpheme v.‘blow (one's nose)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1738.11
4Nungic6
6.1Lolo-Burmese2
6.1.1Burmish33
6.1.2Loloish1
6.1.2.1Northern Loloish19
Yi (Nanjian)nȳ²¹ tɕʰi²¹#572 PTB *kləy ‘BODY DIRT / EXCREMENT’PKC *mik-khlii ‘TEARS’PCN *a-khləjʔ ‘FECES, EXCREMENT’TGTM *ᴬkli ‘FECES,SHIT’PKar *khrejᴮ ‘BODY DIRT’ ‘snot’Chen 85 YiJZ
6.1.2.2Central Loloish11
Lahu (Shehleh)nuˉ◦hk'eh˯#572 PTB *kləy ‘BODY DIRT / EXCREMENT’PKC *mik-khlii ‘TEARS’PCN *a-khləjʔ ‘FECES, EXCREMENT’TGTM *ᴬkli ‘FECES,SHIT’PKar *khrejᴮ ‘BODY DIRT’ ‘mucus’Bradley 79 Lahu: 152
Lahu (Lancang)nu³⁵qhɛ⁵³#572 PTB *kləy ‘BODY DIRT / EXCREMENT’PKC *mik-khlii ‘TEARS’PCN *a-khləjʔ ‘FECES, EXCREMENT’TGTM *ᴬkli ‘FECES,SHIT’PKar *khrejᴮ ‘BODY DIRT’ nbp‘mucus (nasal)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0157.43
Lahu (Black)nú-qhɛ̂#572 PTB *kləy ‘BODY DIRT / EXCREMENT’PKC *mik-khlii ‘TEARS’PCN *a-khləjʔ ‘FECES, EXCREMENT’TGTM *ᴬkli ‘FECES,SHIT’PKar *khrejᴮ ‘BODY DIRT’ ‘nasal catarrh / snot’Matisoff 87 BP
6.1.2.3Southern Loloish11
6.2Naxi4
7Karenic15
*Karen (Pwo)nà-thì#298 PTB *m-t(w)əy-n ⪤ *m-ti-s ‘WATER / FLUID / LIQUID / RIVER / SOAK / SPIT’PKC *tuy ‘WATER / FLUID / LIQUID’PTk *dɨ ‘WATER’PLB *m/ʔ-titᴴ ‘WET / SOAK’PKar *thejᴬ ‘WATER’ ‘snot’Jones 61: 749
Pa-Onèʔ phùmorpheme thì#298 PTB *m-t(w)əy-n ⪤ *m-ti-s ‘WATER / FLUID / LIQUID / RIVER / SOAK / SPIT’PKC *tuy ‘WATER / FLUID / LIQUID’PTk *dɨ ‘WATER’PLB *m/ʔ-titᴴ ‘WET / SOAK’PKar *thejᴬ ‘WATER’ ‘snot, liquid’Solnit 89 PaO
Pwo (Bassein)nàʔ◦ìmorpheme◦thì#298 PTB *m-t(w)əy-n ⪤ *m-ti-s ‘WATER / FLUID / LIQUID / RIVER / SOAK / SPIT’PKC *tuy ‘WATER / FLUID / LIQUID’PTk *dɨ ‘WATER’PLB *m/ʔ-titᴴ ‘WET / SOAK’PKar *thejᴬ ‘WATER’ ‘nasal catarrh / snot’Matisoff 87 BP
Pwo (Bassein)nàʔ◦ìmorpheme◦thì#298 PTB *m-t(w)əy-n ⪤ *m-ti-s ‘WATER / FLUID / LIQUID / RIVER / SOAK / SPIT’PKC *tuy ‘WATER / FLUID / LIQUID’PTk *dɨ ‘WATER’PLB *m/ʔ-titᴴ ‘WET / SOAK’PKar *thejᴬ ‘WATER’ ‘snot’Jones 61: 749
Pwo (Moulmein)nàʔ◦émorpheme◦thì#298 PTB *m-t(w)əy-n ⪤ *m-ti-s ‘WATER / FLUID / LIQUID / RIVER / SOAK / SPIT’PKC *tuy ‘WATER / FLUID / LIQUID’PTk *dɨ ‘WATER’PLB *m/ʔ-titᴴ ‘WET / SOAK’PKar *thejᴬ ‘WATER’ ‘nasal catarrh / snot’Matisoff 87 BP
Cite this entry
STEDT etymon #805,
*s-nap ‘SNOT / NASAL MUCUS’.Stable link:
https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/805Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: STC#102
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-805,
title = {{*s-nap 'SNOT / NASAL MUCUS'}},
author = {STEDT},
year = {2017},
note = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #805},
url = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/805}
}