STEDT #2489
*na-ŋ
YOU / THOU / 2ND PERSON PRONOUN
Reconstruction analysis
handlenaŋinitialnrhymea-ŋcoverM · N
Intermediate reconstructions
Connections
HPTB*na-ŋ ‘2nd person pronoun’pp. 2, 177, 264
Notes
As is frequently the case with pronouns, there is quite a bit of variation with this etymon. In particular, the Loloish languages have multiple reflexes for YOU (sg.), YOU (du.) and YOU (pl.). A number of languages have an open-syllable allofam, but most reflexes have the final velar nasal.
See e.g. nɔ̀-hɨ, nì-hɨ, nɨ̀-hɨ ‘you (pl.)’ (DL 792). For an analysis of pronominal paradigms in Loloish, see Matisoff 1993 (“Sangkong”).
Chinese comparandum
汝 OC *ńi̯o, GSR #94j-k ‘you (sg.)’; B & S 2011: *naʔ; Mand. rǔ.
若 OC *ńi̯ɑk, GSR #777a ‘you (sg.)’; B & S 2011: *nak; Mand. ruò.
爾 OC *ńiɑ, GSR #359a ‘your’ ; B & S 2011: *neʔ {ne(j)ʔ}; Mand. ěr.
而 OC *ńi̯əg, GSR #982a-b ‘your’; Schuessler 2007:226 *nə; B & S 2011: *nə; Mand. ér.
乃 OC *nəg, GSR #945a ‘your’ ; B & S 2011: *nˁəʔ {nˁə(ŋ)ʔ}; Mand. nǎi.
Reflexes & cognates344 reflexes · 42 subgroups
0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)6
1.1.1Tani1
1.1.1.1Western Tani28
Taginno hugubɤmorpheme kab#1103 PTB *krap ‘WEEP’PTani *krap ‘WEEP’PKC *krap-I, kraʔ-II ‘WEEP / CRY’PTk *cap ‘CRY / WEEP’◦dnemorpheme ‘Why do you cry?’Das Gupta 83 Tag
Taginno hugubɤmorpheme nyar#1142 PTB *ŋ(y)il ‘LAUGH’PTani *ŋil ‘LAUGH’-domorpheme-nemorpheme ‘Why do you laugh?’Das Gupta 83 Tag
Taginno ŋa#2530 PTB *ŋa-y ⪤ *ka ‘I / ME / 1st p. PRONOUN / SELF’PTani *ŋoː ‘I’PKC *kay ⪤ *kay-maʔ ‘I / ME / MY’PCN *aj ‘I, ME (1SG)’PNN *ŋaᴬ ‘I’ kamorpheme-ya#5577 PTB *lyaŋ ‘WAIT’PTani *rjaŋ ‘WAIT FOR’-rɤmorpheme-dimorpheme ‘Will you wait for me?’Das Gupta 83 Tag
Taginno ŋa#2530 PTB *ŋa-y ⪤ *ka ‘I / ME / 1st p. PRONOUN / SELF’PTani *ŋoː ‘I’PKC *kay ⪤ *kay-maʔ ‘I / ME / MY’PCN *aj ‘I, ME (1SG)’PNN *ŋaᴬ ‘I’ kamorpheme-ɟimorpheme-rimorpheme ‘Will you help me?’Das Gupta 83 Tag
Taginno ŋo#2530 PTB *ŋa-y ⪤ *ka ‘I / ME / 1st p. PRONOUN / SELF’PTani *ŋoː ‘I’PKC *kay ⪤ *kay-maʔ ‘I / ME / MY’PCN *aj ‘I, ME (1SG)’PNN *ŋaᴬ ‘I’ hugubɤmorpheme mositmorpheme duŋmorpheme ‘Why do you touch me?’Das Gupta 83 Tag
1.1.1.2Eastern Tani4
1.1.2Deng3
1.2Kuki-Chin2
1.2.1.1Northern Chin9
1.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin14
1.2.2Central Chin8
1.2.3Maraic1
1.2.4“Old Kuki”1
1.3“Naga” Areal Group1
1.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)11
1.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group8
1.3.3Zeme Group11
1.3.4Tangkhulic6
1.4Meithei1
1.5Mikir [Karbi]4
1.7.1Bodo-Garo1
1.7.1.1Bodo3
1.7.1.2Garo5
1.7.1.3Koch2
1.7.2Northern Naga/Konyakian1
1.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte5
1.7.2.2Konyak-Chang4
1.7.3.1Jingpho7
1.7.3.2Asakian1
2Himalayish1
2.1.5Dhimal1
2.4Kham-Magar-Chepang7
Chepang-naŋ fn.‘Second Person Singular with First Person Agent (Verbal, non-Past)’Caughley 00 Chepang
3.2Qiangic51
Guiqiongnũ³⁵ŋi³⁵#2504 PTB *g/s-ni-s ‘TWO’PTani *pri-ñi ‘EIGHT’PKC *niʔ ⪤ *hniʔ ‘TWO’PCN *a-ni(t) ‘TWO’PTk *ni ‘TWO’PBG *ni ‘TWO’PNN *ʔ-ni ‘TWO’TGTM *ᴮniː ‘TWO’PLB *ʔ-nit ⪤ *ni² ‘TWO’PL *s-ni(k)²/ᴸ| ‘TWO’PKar *k-hnejᴬ ‘TWO’pi⁵⁵morpheme pron‘you two’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0932.16
Guiqiongnũ³⁵ȵi³³#2504 PTB *g/s-ni-s ‘TWO’PTani *pri-ñi ‘EIGHT’PKC *niʔ ⪤ *hniʔ ‘TWO’PCN *a-ni(t) ‘TWO’PTk *ni ‘TWO’PBG *ni ‘TWO’PNN *ʔ-ni ‘TWO’TGTM *ᴮniː ‘TWO’PLB *ʔ-nit ⪤ *ni² ‘TWO’PL *s-ni(k)²/ᴸ| ‘TWO’PKar *k-hnejᴬ ‘TWO’pi⁵³morpheme ‘you two’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 974.17
Namuyino³³ku⁵⁵morphemeȵi⁵³#2504 PTB *g/s-ni-s ‘TWO’PTani *pri-ñi ‘EIGHT’PKC *niʔ ⪤ *hniʔ ‘TWO’PCN *a-ni(t) ‘TWO’PTk *ni ‘TWO’PBG *ni ‘TWO’PNN *ʔ-ni ‘TWO’TGTM *ᴮniː ‘TWO’PLB *ʔ-nit ⪤ *ni² ‘TWO’PL *s-ni(k)²/ᴸ| ‘TWO’PKar *k-hnejᴬ ‘TWO’ku⁵⁵morpheme ‘you two’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 974.19
3.3rGyalrongic6
3.3.1rGyalrong2
6.1.1Burmish15
6.1.2Loloish3
6.1.2.1Northern Loloish49
Yi (Dafang)na²¹xɯ³³#5495 PTB *s-ray ‘PLURALIZER’MesorootsPTk *rwo ‘PLURAL’Allofams1 #1821 PTB *s/g-ray ⪤ *way ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR / GOD’1a #449 PTB *g-ray ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR’1b #658 PTB *g-ray ‘GOD / CREATOR’1c #450 PTB *way ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR’1d #5495 PTB *s-ray ‘PLURALIZER’ ‘you (pl.)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 975.22
Yi (Liangshan)no²¹ɣo³⁴#5495 PTB *s-ray ‘PLURALIZER’MesorootsPTk *rwo ‘PLURAL’Allofams1 #1821 PTB *s/g-ray ⪤ *way ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR / GOD’1a #449 PTB *g-ray ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR’1b #658 PTB *g-ray ‘GOD / CREATOR’1c #450 PTB *way ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR’1d #5495 PTB *s-ray ‘PLURALIZER’ ‘you (plural)’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Liangshan)nɯ²¹ȵi⁵⁵#2504 PTB *g/s-ni-s ‘TWO’PTani *pri-ñi ‘EIGHT’PKC *niʔ ⪤ *hniʔ ‘TWO’PCN *a-ni(t) ‘TWO’PTk *ni ‘TWO’PBG *ni ‘TWO’PNN *ʔ-ni ‘TWO’TGTM *ᴮniː ‘TWO’PLB *ʔ-nit ⪤ *ni² ‘TWO’PL *s-ni(k)²/ᴸ| ‘TWO’PKar *k-hnejᴬ ‘TWO’ ‘you (dual)’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Mojiang)nᴀ³³ni²¹#2504 PTB *g/s-ni-s ‘TWO’PTani *pri-ñi ‘EIGHT’PKC *niʔ ⪤ *hniʔ ‘TWO’PCN *a-ni(t) ‘TWO’PTk *ni ‘TWO’PBG *ni ‘TWO’PNN *ʔ-ni ‘TWO’TGTM *ᴮniː ‘TWO’PLB *ʔ-nit ⪤ *ni² ‘TWO’PL *s-ni(k)²/ᴸ| ‘TWO’PKar *k-hnejᴬ ‘TWO’ ‘you two’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 974.26
Yi (Nanhua)no²¹n̩²¹#2504 PTB *g/s-ni-s ‘TWO’PTani *pri-ñi ‘EIGHT’PKC *niʔ ⪤ *hniʔ ‘TWO’PCN *a-ni(t) ‘TWO’PTk *ni ‘TWO’PBG *ni ‘TWO’PNN *ʔ-ni ‘TWO’TGTM *ᴮniː ‘TWO’PLB *ʔ-nit ⪤ *ni² ‘TWO’PL *s-ni(k)²/ᴸ| ‘TWO’PKar *k-hnejᴬ ‘TWO’ʑo³³#5677 PTB *k-ra ‘STRENGTH / WIN / CLASSIFIER FOR PEOPLE’PLB *k-ra² ‘STRENGTH / WIN / OVERCOME’PLB *ra³ ‘GET / OBTAIN’PLB *ra² ‘CLF FOR PEOPLE’ pron‘you two’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0932.37
Yi (Nanhua)nɛ²¹ni²¹#2504 PTB *g/s-ni-s ‘TWO’PTani *pri-ñi ‘EIGHT’PKC *niʔ ⪤ *hniʔ ‘TWO’PCN *a-ni(t) ‘TWO’PTk *ni ‘TWO’PBG *ni ‘TWO’PNN *ʔ-ni ‘TWO’TGTM *ᴮniː ‘TWO’PLB *ʔ-nit ⪤ *ni² ‘TWO’PL *s-ni(k)²/ᴸ| ‘TWO’PKar *k-hnejᴬ ‘TWO’ʑo̱²¹#5677 PTB *k-ra ‘STRENGTH / WIN / CLASSIFIER FOR PEOPLE’PLB *k-ra² ‘STRENGTH / WIN / OVERCOME’PLB *ra³ ‘GET / OBTAIN’PLB *ra² ‘CLF FOR PEOPLE’ ‘you two’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 974.24
Yi (Nanjian)n̩(ɿ)³³#2504 PTB *g/s-ni-s ‘TWO’PTani *pri-ñi ‘EIGHT’PKC *niʔ ⪤ *hniʔ ‘TWO’PCN *a-ni(t) ‘TWO’PTk *ni ‘TWO’PBG *ni ‘TWO’PNN *ʔ-ni ‘TWO’TGTM *ᴮniː ‘TWO’PLB *ʔ-nit ⪤ *ni² ‘TWO’PL *s-ni(k)²/ᴸ| ‘TWO’PKar *k-hnejᴬ ‘TWO’tsɑ³³ ‘you (pl.)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 975.23
Yi (Nanjian)ṇ(ɿ)⁵⁵#2504 PTB *g/s-ni-s ‘TWO’PTani *pri-ñi ‘EIGHT’PKC *niʔ ⪤ *hniʔ ‘TWO’PCN *a-ni(t) ‘TWO’PTk *ni ‘TWO’PBG *ni ‘TWO’PNN *ʔ-ni ‘TWO’TGTM *ᴮniː ‘TWO’PLB *ʔ-nit ⪤ *ni² ‘TWO’PL *s-ni(k)²/ᴸ| ‘TWO’PKar *k-hnejᴬ ‘TWO’ni²¹ɑo²¹morpheme ‘you two’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 974.23
Yi (Wuding)ni⁵⁵ ȵi⁵⁵#2504 PTB *g/s-ni-s ‘TWO’PTani *pri-ñi ‘EIGHT’PKC *niʔ ⪤ *hniʔ ‘TWO’PCN *a-ni(t) ‘TWO’PTk *ni ‘TWO’PBG *ni ‘TWO’PNN *ʔ-ni ‘TWO’TGTM *ᴮniː ‘TWO’PLB *ʔ-nit ⪤ *ni² ‘TWO’PL *s-ni(k)²/ᴸ| ‘TWO’PKar *k-hnejᴬ ‘TWO’ pron‘you two’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0932.38
Yi (Xide)no²¹ɣo³⁴#5405 PBod *l-ta-s/t ‘LOOK’PKir *ta- ‘SEE’ pron‘you (pl.)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0933.35
6.1.2.2Central Loloish33
Jinuono⁵⁵ jo³¹#5405 PBod *l-ta-s/t ‘LOOK’PKir *ta- ‘SEE’ pron‘you (pl.)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0933.44
Jinuonɯ³³ni³³#2504 PTB *g/s-ni-s ‘TWO’PTani *pri-ñi ‘EIGHT’PKC *niʔ ⪤ *hniʔ ‘TWO’PCN *a-ni(t) ‘TWO’PTk *ni ‘TWO’PBG *ni ‘TWO’PNN *ʔ-ni ‘TWO’TGTM *ᴮniː ‘TWO’PLB *ʔ-nit ⪤ *ni² ‘TWO’PL *s-ni(k)²/ᴸ| ‘TWO’PKar *k-hnejᴬ ‘TWO’ ‘you two’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 974.34
Jinuonɯ⁵⁵ ni⁵⁵#2504 PTB *g/s-ni-s ‘TWO’PTani *pri-ñi ‘EIGHT’PKC *niʔ ⪤ *hniʔ ‘TWO’PCN *a-ni(t) ‘TWO’PTk *ni ‘TWO’PBG *ni ‘TWO’PNN *ʔ-ni ‘TWO’TGTM *ᴮniː ‘TWO’PLB *ʔ-nit ⪤ *ni² ‘TWO’PL *s-ni(k)²/ᴸ| ‘TWO’PKar *k-hnejᴬ ‘TWO’ pron‘you two’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0932.44
Kucongȵɛ35 ȵi31#2504 PTB *g/s-ni-s ‘TWO’PTani *pri-ñi ‘EIGHT’PKC *niʔ ⪤ *hniʔ ‘TWO’PCN *a-ni(t) ‘TWO’PTk *ni ‘TWO’PBG *ni ‘TWO’PNN *ʔ-ni ‘TWO’TGTM *ᴮniː ‘TWO’PLB *ʔ-nit ⪤ *ni² ‘TWO’PL *s-ni(k)²/ᴸ| ‘TWO’PKar *k-hnejᴬ ‘TWO’ vi55morpheme ‘you two’Dai 09 Kucong
Lahu (Lancang)nɔ³¹ xɯ³³#5495 PTB *s-ray ‘PLURALIZER’MesorootsPTk *rwo ‘PLURAL’Allofams1 #1821 PTB *s/g-ray ⪤ *way ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR / GOD’1a #449 PTB *g-ray ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR’1b #658 PTB *g-ray ‘GOD / CREATOR’1c #450 PTB *way ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR’1d #5495 PTB *s-ray ‘PLURALIZER’ pron‘you (pl.)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0933.43
Lahu (Lancang)nɔ³¹ xɯ³³#5495 PTB *s-ray ‘PLURALIZER’MesorootsPTk *rwo ‘PLURAL’Allofams1 #1821 PTB *s/g-ray ⪤ *way ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR / GOD’1a #449 PTB *g-ray ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR’1b #658 PTB *g-ray ‘GOD / CREATOR’1c #450 PTB *way ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR’1d #5495 PTB *s-ray ‘PLURALIZER’ nɛ³³morpheme pron‘you two’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0932.43
Lahu (Black)nɔ̀-hɨ#5495 PTB *s-ray ‘PLURALIZER’MesorootsPTk *rwo ‘PLURAL’Allofams1 #1821 PTB *s/g-ray ⪤ *way ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR / GOD’1a #449 PTB *g-ray ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR’1b #658 PTB *g-ray ‘GOD / CREATOR’1c #450 PTB *way ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR’1d #5495 PTB *s-ray ‘PLURALIZER’ pl.‘you’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 186
Lahu (Black)nɔ³¹xɯ³³#5495 PTB *s-ray ‘PLURALIZER’MesorootsPTk *rwo ‘PLURAL’Allofams1 #1821 PTB *s/g-ray ⪤ *way ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR / GOD’1a #449 PTB *g-ray ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR’1b #658 PTB *g-ray ‘GOD / CREATOR’1c #450 PTB *way ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR’1d #5495 PTB *s-ray ‘PLURALIZER’ ‘you (pl.)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 975.33
Lahu (Black)nɔ³¹xɯ³³#5495 PTB *s-ray ‘PLURALIZER’MesorootsPTk *rwo ‘PLURAL’Allofams1 #1821 PTB *s/g-ray ⪤ *way ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR / GOD’1a #449 PTB *g-ray ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR’1b #658 PTB *g-ray ‘GOD / CREATOR’1c #450 PTB *way ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR’1d #5495 PTB *s-ray ‘PLURALIZER’nɛ³¹morpheme ‘you two’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 974.33
Lisunu³³uɑ³¹#5495 PTB *s-ray ‘PLURALIZER’MesorootsPTk *rwo ‘PLURAL’Allofams1 #1821 PTB *s/g-ray ⪤ *way ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR / GOD’1a #449 PTB *g-ray ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR’1b #658 PTB *g-ray ‘GOD / CREATOR’1c #450 PTB *way ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR’1d #5495 PTB *s-ray ‘PLURALIZER’; nɑ³¹morpheme ‘you (pl.)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 975.27
Lisu (Northern)nu³³wa²¹#5495 PTB *s-ray ‘PLURALIZER’MesorootsPTk *rwo ‘PLURAL’Allofams1 #1821 PTB *s/g-ray ⪤ *way ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR / GOD’1a #449 PTB *g-ray ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR’1b #658 PTB *g-ray ‘GOD / CREATOR’1c #450 PTB *way ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR’1d #5495 PTB *s-ray ‘PLURALIZER’ P‘you (plural); you (respect)’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Central)nu⁴-wa⁵#5495 PTB *s-ray ‘PLURALIZER’MesorootsPTk *rwo ‘PLURAL’Allofams1 #1821 PTB *s/g-ray ⪤ *way ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR / GOD’1a #449 PTB *g-ray ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR’1b #658 PTB *g-ray ‘GOD / CREATOR’1c #450 PTB *way ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR’1d #5495 PTB *s-ray ‘PLURALIZER’ ‘you / your (pl.)’Fraser 22
Lisunɑ³¹(nu³³uɑ³¹#5495 PTB *s-ray ‘PLURALIZER’MesorootsPTk *rwo ‘PLURAL’Allofams1 #1821 PTB *s/g-ray ⪤ *way ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR / GOD’1a #449 PTB *g-ray ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR’1b #658 PTB *g-ray ‘GOD / CREATOR’1c #450 PTB *way ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR’1d #5495 PTB *s-ray ‘PLURALIZER’ȵi³¹morphemeʒo⁴⁴morpheme) ‘you two’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 974.27
6.1.2.3Southern Loloish34
Hani (Dazhai)no⁵⁵ȵi³¹#2504 PTB *g/s-ni-s ‘TWO’PTani *pri-ñi ‘EIGHT’PKC *niʔ ⪤ *hniʔ ‘TWO’PCN *a-ni(t) ‘TWO’PTk *ni ‘TWO’PBG *ni ‘TWO’PNN *ʔ-ni ‘TWO’TGTM *ᴮniː ‘TWO’PLB *ʔ-nit ⪤ *ni² ‘TWO’PL *s-ni(k)²/ᴸ| ‘TWO’PKar *k-hnejᴬ ‘TWO’ɣa³¹#5677 PTB *k-ra ‘STRENGTH / WIN / CLASSIFIER FOR PEOPLE’PLB *k-ra² ‘STRENGTH / WIN / OVERCOME’PLB *ra³ ‘GET / OBTAIN’PLB *ra² ‘CLF FOR PEOPLE’ ‘you two’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 974.31
Hani (Lüchun)no⁵⁵ ȵa³¹#2504 PTB *g/s-ni-s ‘TWO’PTani *pri-ñi ‘EIGHT’PKC *niʔ ⪤ *hniʔ ‘TWO’PCN *a-ni(t) ‘TWO’PTk *ni ‘TWO’PBG *ni ‘TWO’PNN *ʔ-ni ‘TWO’TGTM *ᴮniː ‘TWO’PLB *ʔ-nit ⪤ *ni² ‘TWO’PL *s-ni(k)²/ᴸ| ‘TWO’PKar *k-hnejᴬ ‘TWO’ pron‘you two’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0932.41
Hani (Lüchun)no⁵⁵ja³³#5495 PTB *s-ray ‘PLURALIZER’MesorootsPTk *rwo ‘PLURAL’Allofams1 #1821 PTB *s/g-ray ⪤ *way ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR / GOD’1a #449 PTB *g-ray ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR’1b #658 PTB *g-ray ‘GOD / CREATOR’1c #450 PTB *way ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR’1d #5495 PTB *s-ray ‘PLURALIZER’ pron‘you (pl.)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0933.41
Hani (Caiyuan)nɔ³¹v̩³³#5495 PTB *s-ray ‘PLURALIZER’MesorootsPTk *rwo ‘PLURAL’Allofams1 #1821 PTB *s/g-ray ⪤ *way ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR / GOD’1a #449 PTB *g-ray ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR’1b #658 PTB *g-ray ‘GOD / CREATOR’1c #450 PTB *way ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR’1d #5495 PTB *s-ray ‘PLURALIZER’ ‘you (pl.)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 975.30
Hani (Caiyuan)nɔ³¹v̩³³#5495 PTB *s-ray ‘PLURALIZER’MesorootsPTk *rwo ‘PLURAL’Allofams1 #1821 PTB *s/g-ray ⪤ *way ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR / GOD’1a #449 PTB *g-ray ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR’1b #658 PTB *g-ray ‘GOD / CREATOR’1c #450 PTB *way ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR’1d #5495 PTB *s-ray ‘PLURALIZER’ne̱³¹#2504 PTB *g/s-ni-s ‘TWO’PTani *pri-ñi ‘EIGHT’PKC *niʔ ⪤ *hniʔ ‘TWO’PCN *a-ni(t) ‘TWO’PTk *ni ‘TWO’PBG *ni ‘TWO’PNN *ʔ-ni ‘TWO’TGTM *ᴮniː ‘TWO’PLB *ʔ-nit ⪤ *ni² ‘TWO’PL *s-ni(k)²/ᴸ| ‘TWO’PKar *k-hnejᴬ ‘TWO’kɔ³¹morpheme ‘you two’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 974.30
Hani (Shuikui)no³³ȵi̱³¹#2504 PTB *g/s-ni-s ‘TWO’PTani *pri-ñi ‘EIGHT’PKC *niʔ ⪤ *hniʔ ‘TWO’PCN *a-ni(t) ‘TWO’PTk *ni ‘TWO’PBG *ni ‘TWO’PNN *ʔ-ni ‘TWO’TGTM *ᴮniː ‘TWO’PLB *ʔ-nit ⪤ *ni² ‘TWO’PL *s-ni(k)²/ᴸ| ‘TWO’PKar *k-hnejᴬ ‘TWO’ɣɔ³¹#5677 PTB *k-ra ‘STRENGTH / WIN / CLASSIFIER FOR PEOPLE’PLB *k-ra² ‘STRENGTH / WIN / OVERCOME’PLB *ra³ ‘GET / OBTAIN’PLB *ra² ‘CLF FOR PEOPLE’ ‘you two’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 974.32
Pyennɔŋ31 ʔa33morpheme ju33morpheme la45morpheme pən33morpheme gai33morpheme ʔə31morpheme ‘How old are you?’Shintani 09 Pyen: 141030
9Sinitic2
9.0.1Old Chinese2
9.0.2Middle Chinese3
9.0.3Modern Chinese2
Cite this entry
STEDT etymon #2489,
*na-ŋ ‘YOU / THOU / 2ND PERSON PRONOUN’.Stable link:
https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2489Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: cf. STC#407, HPTB pp.2, 177, 264
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-2489,
title = {{*na-ŋ 'YOU / THOU / 2ND PERSON PRONOUN'}},
author = {STEDT},
year = {2017},
note = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #2489},
url = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2489}
}