STEDT
The Body  ›  Body Parts  ›  Strength
STEDT #5677

*k-ra

STRENGTH / WIN / CLASSIFIER FOR PEOPLE

Intermediate reconstructions

Lolo-Burmese*k-ra² ‘STRENGTH / WIN / OVERCOME’
Lolo-Burmese*ra³ ‘GET / OBTAIN’
Lolo-Burmese*ra² ‘CLF FOR PEOPLE’

Reflexes & cognates184 reflexes · 17 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)2

*Tibeto-Burmank-ra ‘STRENGTH / WIN / CLF FOR PEOPLE’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 609
*Tibeto-Burmanra ‘humans (classifier)’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 170

1.1“North Assam”2

Sulung [Puroik]hɹaʴ⁵³ ‘win / triumph’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 797.52

2.1.4Tamangish1

3.2Qiangic41

Ersuthɑ³³morphemekhɑ³³ ‘win / triumph’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 797.18
Ersuthɑ³³morphemekhɑ⁵⁵ ‘win’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 681.18
Lyuzuthe³³morphemekhua⁵³ v.‘win’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1760.18
Muyakhə³³morphemekhe⁵³ v.‘win’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1760.15
Muya [Minyak]khe⁵³ ‘win / triumph’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 797.15
Muya [Minyak]khɯ⁵⁵morphemekhe⁵⁵ ‘win’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 681.15
Namuyilo³³morphemeʁa³⁵ ‘win’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 681.19
Namuyima³³morphemeʁa³⁵ ‘strength’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 513.19
Namuyiʁa³⁵ ‘win / triumph’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 797.19
Namuyiluo³¹morphemeʁa³⁵ v.‘win’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1760.46
Namuyima³¹morphemeʁa³¹ n‘strength (physical)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0675.46
Pumi (Jiulong)tɯ¹¹morphemeqo⁵⁵ v.‘win’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1760.10
Pumi (Lanping)qa¹³ n‘strength (physical)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0675.09
Pumi (Lanping)thə¹³morphemeko⁵⁵ v.‘win’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1760.09
Pumi (Qinghua)qa¹³ ta⁵⁵morpheme ‘strength’Lu 83 Pumi
Pumi (Qinghua)thə¹³morphemeko⁵⁵ ‘win’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 681.11
Pumi (Qinghua)thə¹³morphemeko⁵⁵ ‘win / triumph’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 797.11
Pumi (Taoba)ka³⁵ ‘strength’Lu 83 Pumi
Pumi (Taoba)ka³⁵ ‘strength’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 513.10
Pumi (Taoba)thə³⁵morphemeko⁵³ ‘win’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 681.10
Pumi (Taoba)thə³⁵morphemeko⁵³ ‘win / triumph’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 797.10
Qiang (Longxi)tàmorpheme qò ‘win, triumph’Evans 99 Qiang: 2323
Qiang (Longxi)tə̀morpheme qò ‘win, beat’Evans 99 Qiang: 2528
Qiang (Mawo)damorpheme qe; morpheme qu ‘win / triumph’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 797.8
Qiang (Mawo)damorpheme qe; morphemequ ‘win’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 681.8
Qiang (Mianchi)dʐàmorpheme qà ‘strength’Evans 99 Qiang: 982
Qiang (Mianchi)tɛ́morpheme qǎ ‘win, triumph’Evans 99 Qiang: 2323
Qiang (Taoping)da³¹morphemeqe³³ ‘win / triumph’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 797.9
Qiang (Taoping)tə³¹morphemeqɑ⁵⁵ ‘win’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 681.9
Queyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba]lə³⁵morphemekhə⁵³ ‘win’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 681.16
Queyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba]thə³⁵morphemeko⁵⁵ ‘win / triumph’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 797.16
Queyu (Xinlong)tə⁵⁵morphemekhi⁵⁵ v.‘win’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1760.13
Xumiʁɑ³³khua⁵⁵morphemeji⁵⁵morpheme ‘strength’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 513.20
Zhaba (Daofu County)ə⁵⁵prefixkhi⁵⁵ v.‘win’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1760.14

3.3rGyalrongic1

4Nungic5

Dulongkɹɑʔ⁵⁵ v.‘win’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1760.20
Trung [Dulong]kɹɑ̆ʔ⁵⁵ ‘win / triumph’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 797.46
Trung [Dulong]kɹɑ̆ʔ⁵⁵; cɑ⁵³morpheme ‘win’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 681.46
Trung [Dulong] (Nujiang)khɹɑ̆ʔ⁵⁵ ‘win’Sun H 82 Dul
Trung [Dulong] (Nujiang)khɹɑ̆ʔ⁵⁵ ‘triumph / win’Sun H 82 Dul

5Tujia1

Tujia (Southern)ɣu̵¹³ ‘strength’Tian 86

6.1Lolo-Burmese1

6.1.2Loloish6

*Loloishra² ‘strength’Bradley 79 PLo: 423
*Loloishra² ‘classifier’Bradley 79 PLo: 496A
*Loloishra² ‘strength’Hansson 89 AHKP: 79
PNLk-ra² ‘strength’Chen 86 CS: 6.

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish46

Gazhuoɣa³¹ŋ⁵³morpheme n‘strength (physical)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0675.47
Laloɣà ‘strength’Björverud 94
Laloɣà ‘win’Björverud 94
Laloɣa²¹ ‘strength’Chen 86 CS: 6.
Liphoɣo²¹ ‘strength’Chen 86 CS: 6.
Nasuɣo³³ ‘strength’Chen 86 CS: 6.
Neisuɣu³³ ‘strength’Chen 86 CS: 6.
Nesuɣo³³ ‘strength’Chen 86 CS: 6.
Nosuɣɯ³³ ‘strength’Chen 86 CS: 6.
Nusu (Northern)ɣa³¹ ‘triumph / win’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Bijiang)ɣɑ³⁵ ‘win / triumph’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 797.45
Nusu (Central)ɣɯ³¹ ‘strength’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Southern)ɣɯ̱⁵³ ‘strength’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Northern)ɤɯ̱³¹ ‘strength’Sun J 86 Nusu
Yi (Liangshan)khu³⁴morphemeɣɯ³³ ‘power; strength’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Liangshan)ɣɯ³³ ‘strength’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Liangshan)ɣɯ³³so⁵⁵morpheme ‘strength’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Liangshan)ɣɯ³³vi³³morpheme ‘influence; strength’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Liangshan)ɣɯ³³zi²¹morpheme ‘strong (not weak)’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Liangshan)ɣɯ³³ȵi³³morpheme ‘strong (not weak)’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Liangshan)ɣɯ³³ʑɿ³³morpheme ‘strong (not weak)’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Liangshan)ɣɯ³³ʦhɿ⁵⁵morpheme ‘exert oneself; strength, show of’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Mile)ɣo²¹ne̱³³morpheme ‘strength’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 513.25
Yi (Mojiang)ɣo³³ ‘strength’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 513.26
Yi (Nanhua)ɣo²¹ ‘strength’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 513.24
Yi (Nanhua)ɣo²¹ni³³morpheme n‘strength (physical)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0675.37
Yi (Nanjian)ɣɑ²¹ ‘strength’Chen 85 YiJZ
Yi (Nanjian)ɣɑ²¹ ‘strength’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 513.23
Yi (Nanjian)ɣɑ²¹ ‘win / triumph’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 797.23
Yi (Weishan)ɣɑ²¹ n‘strength (physical)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0675.36
Yi (Wuding)ɣu³³ n‘strength (physical)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0675.38
Yi (Xide)ɣɯ³³ ‘power, strength’Chen 79 YiCh
Yi (Xide)ɣɯ³³ n‘strength (physical)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0675.35
Yi (Xide)ɣɯ³³ ‘strength’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 513.21
Yi (Xide)ɣɯ³³dʑi²¹morpheme ‘win / triumph’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 797.21

6.1.2.2Central Loloish35

Ahiɣo²¹ ‘strength’Chen 86 CS: 6.
Jinuoka³³kho³³morpheme ‘strength’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 513.34
Jinuokɔu³⁵ ‘win / triumph’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 797.34
Jinuo (Youle)kɔ⁴⁴ ‘win’Gai 86
Jinuo (Youle)kɔ⁴⁴ ‘triumph / win’Gai 86
Jinuo (Buyuan)kɔ⁴⁴ v‘win (a game)’Gai 86
Jinuo (Youle)kɔ⁴⁴ kʰo⁴⁴morpheme ‘strength’Gai 86
Jinuokɔ⁵⁵ ‘win’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 681.34
Kucongɣʌ31 ‘strength’Dai 09 Kucong
*Common Lahug'aˇ ‘strength’morphemeBradley 79 PLo: 423
Lahu (Lancang)ɔ³¹morphemeɣɑ⁵³ n‘strength (physical)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0675.43
Lahu (Lancang)ɣɑ⁵³ v.‘get / acquire’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1263.43
Lahu (Lancang)ɣɑ⁵⁴ clf‘classifier for people’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0835.43
Lahu (Black)g̈â ‘classifier for people’Matisoff 88 DL: 1118
Lahu (Black)g̈a v‘get;gain;catch;succeed’Matisoff 88 DL: p.1113
Lahu (Black)g̈â n‘strength;power;vital force’Matisoff 88 DL: p.1116
Lahu (Black)g̈â v‘win;overcome;conquer’Matisoff 88 DL: p.1117
Lahu (Black)ɣᴀ⁵³ ‘strength’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 513.33
Lahu (Black)ɣᴀ⁵³ ‘win / triumph’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 797.33
Lahu (Black)ɣᴀ⁵³ ‘classifier for people’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 948.33
Lahu (Yellow)ɣa³ ‘win’Chang 86
Lahu (Yellow)ɣa³ ‘triumph / win’Chang 86
Lahu (Yellow)ɣa¹ ‘get’Chang 86
Lisu ‘classifier for people’Matisoff 88 DL: 1118
Sani [Nyi]ɣa²¹ ‘strength’Chen 86 CS: 6.
Yi (Sani)ɣɒ¹¹ n‘strength (physical)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0675.39

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish23

Akhaɣà ‘strength’Hansson 89 AHKP: 79
Akha (Thai)ɣà xaqmorpheme ‘strength’Hansson 89 AHKP: 79
Hani (Dazhai)ɣa³¹ xa̱³³morpheme ‘strength’Li Yongsui 86 Hani
Hani (Dazhai)ɣa³¹xa̱³³morpheme ‘strength’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 513.31
Hani (Lüchun)ɣa³¹xa̱³³morpheme n‘strength (physical)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0675.41
Hani (Pijo)kɔ̀ ‘strength’Hansson 89 AHKP: 79
Hani (Caiyuan)kɔ³¹ ‘strength’Li Yongsui 86 Hani
Hani (Gelanghe)ɣa³¹ ‘strength’Li Yongsui 86 Hani
Hani (Gelanghe)ɣa³¹tsɛ̱³³morpheme ‘triumph / win’Li Yongsui 86 Hani
Hani (Wordlist)hhaqhavmorpheme ‘strength’Hansson 89 AHKP: 79
Hani (Shuikui)ɣɔ³¹ xa³³morpheme ‘strength’Li Yongsui 86 Hani
Hani (Shuikui)ɣɔ³¹xa³³morpheme ‘strength’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 513.32
Hani (Mojiang)ɣɔ³¹xa³³morpheme n‘strength (physical)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0675.42
Mpiko² ‘strength’Hansson 89 AHKP: 79
Mpiko² ‘strength’Srinuan 76

6.1.2.4Southeastern Loloish3

Azhaɣɔ³³ ‘strength’Pelkey 11 Phula: 343
Southern Mujiʁa¹³ɡwa¹³morpheme ‘strength’Pelkey 11 Phula: 343
Pholaɣɑ³¹ ‘strength’Pelkey 11 Phula: 343

6.2Naxi12

Laze (Xiangjiao)ʁɑ˩zi˩morpheme ‘strength’Michaud 06 NaLaze: 1451
Na (Yongning)ʁɑ˥ ‘strength’Michaud 06 NaLaze
Na (Yongning)ʁɑ˧ v.‘win, to succeed’Michaud 06 NaLaze
Naxi (Yongning)gɑ³³ ‘win / triumph’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 797.29
Naxi (Western)kɑ³³tɯ⁵⁵morpheme ‘strength’He 85
Naxikɑ³³tɯ⁵⁵morpheme n‘strength (physical)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0675.45
Naxi (Eastern)ɣɑ³³ ‘strength’He 85
Naxi (Lijiang)ʂe⁵⁵Chinese loanwordli⁵⁵Chinese loanword; ŋgɑ³³ ‘win / triumph’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 797.28

7Karenic1

*Karenwà' v‘defeat / overcome’Jones 61: 132

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #5677, *k-ra ‘STRENGTH / WIN / CLASSIFIER FOR PEOPLE’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/5677
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: 170
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-5677,
  title  = {{*k-ra 'STRENGTH / WIN / CLASSIFIER FOR PEOPLE'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #5677},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/5677}
}