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STEDT

The Body › Secretions and Somatophonics › Emotional Somatophonics › Cry/Weep

STEDT #1103

*krap

WEEP

Proto-Tibeto-Burman · exemplary

Reconstruction analysis

handlekrapinitialkrrhymeapcoverK · T

Intermediate reconstructions

Tani*krap ‘WEEP’JS-HCST: 132

Kuki-Chin*krap-I, kraʔ-II ‘WEEP / CRY’PKC #1333

Tangkhulic*cap ‘CRY / WEEP’DRM#529

Connections

HPTB*krap ‘weep’pp. 137, 336, 339, 342

Chinese comparandum

泣 OC *k’li̯əp, GSR #694h; B & S 2011: *k-r̥əp; Mand. qì.

Reflexes & cognates282 reflexes · 41 subgroups

0Sino-Tibetan (previously published reconstructions)1

*Sino-Tibetankhljəp ‘weep’Coblin 86: 159

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)7

*Tibeto-Burmankrap v.‘cry’Weidert 87 TBTo: 1093

*Tibeto-Burmankrap v.‘weep’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 202

*Tibeto-Burmankrap ‘weep’Mortensen 12 Tk

*Tibeto-Burmankrap ‘weep’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 596

*Tibeto-Burmankrap ‘weep’Benedict 72 STC: 116

*Tibeto-Burmankrap ‘weep’Coblin 86: 159

*Tibeto-Burmankrɑp ‘weep’Chou 72: 694h

1.1.1Tani1

*Tanikrap ‘weep’Sun J 93 HCST: 457

1.1.1.1Western Tani26

Apatanikʰre ‘cry’Sun J 93 Tani

Apatanikʰrjeʔ ‘mourn’Sun J 93 Tani

Apatanikʰrjeʔ ‘sob’Sun J 93 Tani

Apatanikʰrjeʔ ‘weep’Sun J 93 Tani

Apatanixè ‘cry’Sun J 93 Tani

Apatanixrjeʔ ‘weep’Sun J 93 HCST

Bengnikap ‘weep’Sun J 93 HCST

Bengnikap ‘cry (weep)’Sun J 93 Tani

Bengnikap ‘weep’Sun J 93 Tani

Bengnikap-ŋakmorpheme ‘sob’Sun J 93 Tani

Bokarkap ‘weep’Sun J 93 HCST

Bokarkap ‘weep, cry’Sun J 93 Tani

Bokarkap v.‘cry’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1485.24

Bokar Lhobakap ‘cry, weep’Sun H 80 MLD

Bokar Lhobakap ‘weep’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 718.51

Galokab-namsuffix v‘cry’Das Gupta 63 Gal

Galokab-namsuffix v‘sob’Das Gupta 63 Gal

Galokab-namsuffix v‘weep’Das Gupta 63 Gal

Galokab◦namsuffix vi.‘cry’GLDC 09 Galo

Galokab◦namsuffix vt.‘cry’GLDC 09 Galo

Galokab◦namsuffix vi.‘weep’GLDC 09 Galo

Miri, Hillkap-namsuffix ‘cry’Simon 76 Miri

Nishingkab ‘mourn / cry’Das Gupta 69 Daf

Taginkab-namsuffix ‘cry’Das Gupta 83 Tag

Taginkab-namsuffix v‘weep’Das Gupta 83 Tag

Taginno#2489 PTB *na-ŋ ‘YOU / THOU / 2ND PERSON PRONOUN’PTani *noː ‘THOU’PKC *naŋ ‘YOU’PTk *naŋ ‘2ND PERSON’PNN *naŋ ‘THOU’PLB *naŋ¹ ‘2ND PERSON PRONOUN’ hugubɤmorpheme kab◦dnemorpheme ‘Why do you cry?’Das Gupta 83 Tag

1.1.1.2Eastern Tani2

Padam-Mishing [Abor-Miri]kap ‘weep’Sun J 93 HCST

Damuciap-duŋmorpheme ‘weep’Sun J 93 Tani

1.1.2Deng10

Darang [Taraon]khro ‘weep’Anonymous xx Tar

Darang [Taraon]khro(i) v‘cry’Anonymous xx Tar

Darang [Taraon]khɹo⁵³ v.‘cry’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1485.22

Darang [Taraon]khɹo⁵³ ‘weep’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 718.49

Darang [Taraon]kʰɹo⁵³ ‘cry, weep’Sun H 80 MLD

Digarokhro ⪤ kro ‘weep’Benedict 72 STC: 116

Idua⁵⁵prefix◦tɕa⁵⁵ v‘cry / weep’Sun H 91 IduQ: 3.4.8

Idugɹɑ⁵⁵ ‘cry out / yell’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 547.50

Iduɑ⁵⁵prefixtɕɑ⁵⁵ ‘weep’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 718.50

Yiduɑ⁵⁵prefixtɕɑ⁵⁵ v.‘cry’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1485.25

1.2Kuki-Chin1

*Chinkrap-I, kraʔ-II ‘WEEP / CRY’VanBik 09 PKC: 1333

1.2.1.1Northern Chin11

Kuki-Chinkap v‘cry / weep’Haokip 98: 3.4.8

Paitekap ‘cry, weep’VanBik 09 PKC: 1333

Siyinkap ‘weep’Benedict 72 STC: 116

Thadoká ‘cry’Thirumalai 72: 54

Thadokà ‘cry’Thirumalai 72: 61

Thadokàp-I, kàa-II ‘cry’VanBik 09 PKC: 1333

Tiddimkap³ > ka?³ v‘cry; weep’Bhaskararao 96 CDB: 556

Tiddimkap³ > kaʔ³ ‘cry, weep’VanBik 09 PKC: 1333

Tiddimkap³/kaʔ³ ‘cry, weep’Bhaskararao 94 TCV

Tiddimkap⁴ v.‘cry, weep’Luce 85: O.1

Tiddimˍkap/ˍkaʔ v‘cry’Henderson 65 TidC

1.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin16

Ashokák v‘cry, weep’VanBik 09 PKC: 1333

Ashokáʔ v.‘cry’Weidert 87 TBTo: 1004

Asho (Sandoway)kɑʔ¹ v.‘cry, weep’Luce 85: O.1

Chinbonkaːp ‘weep’So-Hartmann 88 Chin: 110

Cho (Mindat)krap ‘cry, weep’VanBik 09 PKC: 1333

Daaikɣaˀ ‘weep’So-Hartmann 88 Chin: 110

Khumivo ‘cry’VanBik 09 PKC: 1333

Khumivoʔ ‘weep’So-Hartmann 88 Chin: 110

Awa Khumiχɑ² v.‘cry, weep’Luce 85: O.1

Matuxap ‘weep’So-Hartmann 88 Chin: 110

Matupiχʀɑp² v.‘cry, weep’Luce 85: O.1

Mkaangkɣaʔ ‘weep’So-Hartmann 88 Chin: 110

Ngmüünkɹaʔ ‘weep’So-Hartmann 88 Chin: 110

Nyhmoyekɣaʔ ‘weep’So-Hartmann 88 Chin: 110

Wakungxaʔ ‘weep’So-Hartmann 88 Chin: 110

Womatugrap² v.‘cry, weep’Luce 85: O.1

1.2.2Central Chin12

Khualsimṭap¹ [part. ṭaʔ¹] v.‘cry, weep’Luce 85: O.1

Khualsimṭrap¹ v.‘cry, weep’Luce 85: O.1

Lai (Falam)ṭàp-I, ṭâʔ-II ‘weep, cry’VanBik 09 PKC: 1333

Lai (Hakha)ṭap² v.‘cry, weep’Luce 85: O.1

Lai (Hakha)trap-I, traʔ-II ‘weep, cry’VanBik 09 PKC: 1333

Lai (Hakha)ṭɑʔ² v.‘cry, weep’Luce 85: O.1

Lushai [Mizo]lap ‘weep’Benedict 72 STC: 116

Lushai [Mizo]t̥ap ‘cry (weep)’Marrison 67 Naga

Lushai [Mizo]Tap v‘cry; weep’Bhaskararao 96 CDB: 2924

Lushai [Mizo]ṭàp-I, ṭàh-II v‘weep, to cry, to lament’VanBik 09 PKC: 1333

Lushai [Mizo]ṭap⁴ v.‘cry, weep’Luce 85: O.1

Lushai [Mizo]ṭrap⁴ v.‘cry, weep’Luce 85: O.1

1.2.3Maraic8

Lailenpiaˊprefixtsɑ⁴ v.‘cry, weep’Luce 85: O.1

Lakher [Mara]chā ‘weep, cry’VanBik 09 PKC: 1333

Lothvo (Hiranpi)ăprefix◦tsɑ⁴ v.‘cry, weep’Luce 85: O.1

Meratsʌ⁵ v.‘cry, weep’Luce 85: O.1

Tha'oarap¹ v.‘cry, weep’Luce 85: O.1

Xongsaikap² v.‘cry, weep’Luce 85: O.1

Zotungraʔ¹ v.‘cry, weep’Luce 85: O.1

Zotungrɔ'¹ v.‘cry, weep’Luce 85: O.1

1.2.4“Old Kuki”3

Kom Remkəmorpheme◦čəp v‘cry / weep’Toba 91 KRQ: 3.4.8

Kom Remkə◦təp v‘cry / weep’Toba 91 KRQ: 3.4.8

Sorbungcàap ‘cry; weep’Mortensen 11 Sorbung: BodyParts.049

1.3“Naga” Areal Group1

Maringchap ‘cry (weep)’Marrison 67 Naga

1.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)17

*Aoaprefix-tʃəp ‘CRY, WEEP’Bruhn 14 PCN: II.156

Ao (Chungli)-cɯ́p v.‘cry’Temsunungsang 09 Ao: 7

Ao (Chungli)a³prefix-tʃəp³ v.‘cry, weep’Bruhn 14 PCN: II.156

Ao (Chungli)aprefix◦jep ‘cry (weep)’Marrison 67 Naga

Ao (Mongsen)cɯ̀p v.‘cry’Temsunungsang 09 Ao: 14

Ao (Mongsen: Longchang)chep ‘cry (weep)’Marrison 67 Naga

Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)tʃə̀p v.‘cry [cried]’Coupe 07 Ao

Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)tʃə̀p v.‘weep [wept]’Coupe 07 Ao

Lotha Nagakja²- v.‘cry, weep’Bruhn 14 SuppCN

Lotha Nagakhi v‘cry (weep)’Marrison 67 Naga

Lotha Nagakhiap v‘cry (weep)’Marrison 67 Naga

Lotha Nagakyà imperat‘cry’Acharya 75

Lotha Nagakya v‘cry / weep’Nienu 90 LotQ: 3.4.8

Sangtamtra ‘cry (weep)’Marrison 67 Naga

Yacham-Tengsachap ‘cry (weep)’Marrison 67 Naga

Yimchungrütrip ‘cry (weep)’Marrison 67 Naga

Yimchungrüzhi ‘cry (weep)’Marrison 67 Naga

1.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group8

Angami (Khonoma)kra v‘cry (weep)’Marrison 67 Naga

Angami (Kohima)kr v‘cry (weep)’Marrison 67 Naga

Angami (Kohima)kra¹¹ v‘cry / weep’Nienu 90 AngQ: 3.4.8

Chokrikra ‘cry (weep)’Marrison 67 Naga

Chokrikra¹¹ v‘cry / weep’Nienu 90 ChoQ: 3.4.8

Khezhatre v.‘cry / weep’Yabu 94 Khö: 3.4.8

Maokra ‘cry (weep)’Marrison 67 Naga

Mao¹kra v.‘cry’Weidert 87 TBTo: 1004

1.3.3Zeme Group8

Liangmeikâp v.‘cry’Weidert 87 TBTo: 1004

Puironchap ‘cry (weep)’Marrison 67 Naga

Rongmei / Nruanghmeikáp v.‘cry’Weidert 87 TBTo: 1004

Rongmei / Nruanghmeikap məimorpheme ‘cry’Matisoff 94 Rong

Rongmei / Nruanghmeiküp ‘cry (weep)’Marrison 67 Naga

Zemehap ‘cry (weep)’Marrison 67 Naga

Zeme¹kemorpheme◦¹hap v.‘cry’Weidert 87 TBTo: 1004

Mziemehap ‘cry (weep)’Marrison 67 Naga

1.3.4Tangkhulic14

*Tangkhuliccap ‘cry / weep’Mortensen 12 Tk: 529

Huishukəmorpheme-tsaʔ ‘weep’Mortensen 12 Tk: BodyParts.040

Kachaikəmorpheme-cap v.‘cry / weep’Mortensen 12 Tk: BodyParts.044

Kachaikəprefix-tɕap ‘weep’Mortensen 12 Tk

Tangkhulchap ‘cry (weep)’Marrison 67 Naga

Tangkhulchā◦ramorpheme s‘tears / weep’Matisoff 87 BP

Tangkhulcəp ‘cry’Bhat 69 TNV: 87

Tangkhul¹kəmorpheme¹tšəp v.‘cry’Weidert 87 TBTo: 1004

Tusomkəmorpheme-tso v.‘cry’Mortensen 12 Tk: BodyParts.048

Ukhrulcɐp-kʰəmorpheme-məmorpheme-romorpheme ‘weep for someone’Mortensen 12 Tk

Ukhrulkəprefix-cap ‘weep, cry’Mortensen 12 Tk

Ukhrulkəprefix-cimorpheme-cep ‘cause to weep’Mortensen 12 Tk

Ukhrulkəmorpheme-cɐp ‘weep, cry’Mortensen 12 Tk

Ukhrulkʰəmorpheme-ŋəmorpheme-cɐp ‘beat one another and cry’Mortensen 12 Tk

1.4Meithei2

Meitheikap ‘cry (weep)’Marrison 67 Naga

Meitheikəp◦pəsuffix v.‘cry / weep’Singh 91 MeiQ: 3.4.8

1.5Mikir [Karbi]3

Mikir [Karbi]che-.rnàpmorpheme- v.‘cry / weep’Grüssner 79 BP: 65

Mikir [Karbi]che-rúmorpheme- v.‘cry / weep’Grüssner 79 BP: 65

Mikir [Karbi]chi◦rumorpheme ‘cry (weep)’Marrison 67 Naga

1.7.1.1Bodo21

Bodogáb v‘weep’Bhat 68 Boro

Bodogab◦gáŋmorpheme v‘cry suddenly due to some fear’Bhat 68 Boro

Bodogab◦gómorpheme v‘weep very much’Bhat 68 Boro

Bodogab◦rúmorpheme v‘weep slowly’Bhat 68 Boro

Bodogab◦ruŋmorpheme v‘weep again and again’Bhat 68 Boro

Bodogap v.‘cry’Weidert 87 TBTo: 1093

Bodogap◦kémorpheme v‘pretend to weep’Bhat 68 Boro

Bodogap◦knémorpheme v‘just begin to weep’Bhat 68 Boro

Bodogap◦krawmorpheme v‘cry loudly’Bhat 68 Boro

Bodogap◦kráwmorpheme v‘cry loudly’Bhat 68 Boro

Bodogap◦kúnamorpheme v‘cry continuously’Bhat 68 Boro

Bodogap◦kúnamorpheme ‘person who weeps continuously; to weep continuousl’Bhat 68 Boro

Bodogap◦túmorpheme v‘weep slowly’Bhat 68 Boro

Bodorurumorpheme gáb v‘weep very much continuously’Bhat 68 Boro

Bodosamorpheme◦gáb ‘make to weep’Bhat 68 Boro

Dimasagara ‘cry (weep)’Marrison 67 Naga

Kokborokkra ‘cry’Tripuri 88

Kokborokkra ‘weep’Tripuri 88

Kokborokšəmorpheme=kra ‘make cry’Tripuri 88

Lalung [Tiwa]kra◦nasuffix ‘cry / weep’Balawan 65: 21

Mechegap v.‘cry’Weidert 87 TBTo: 1093

1.7.1.2Garo3

Garograp ‘weep’Benedict 72 STC: 116

Garograp-amorpheme v.‘cry’Weidert 87 TBTo: 1093

Garo (Bangladesh)grap-amorpheme vi‘cry; wail; weep’Burling 03 Garo: 7.29-II:idx

1.7.1.3Koch2

Atongkep- v‘cry’van Breugel 08 Atong

Atongkhep- v‘cry’van Breugel 08 Atong

1.7.2Northern Naga/Konyakian1

*Northern Nagakrəp v.‘weep’French 83: 578

1.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte2

Noctesap ‘cry (weep)’Marrison 67 Naga

Noctesap ‘weep’French 83: 578

1.7.2.2Konyak-Chang10

Changháp v.‘cry’Weidert 87 TBTo: 1093

Changhap ‘cry (weep)’Marrison 67 Naga

Changhap ‘weep’French 83: 578

Konyakshüp ‘cry (weep)’Marrison 67 Naga

Konyakšəp ‘weep’French 83: 578

Phomthep ‘cry (weep)’Marrison 67 Naga

Phomtʰap³³ ‘cry / weep’Burling 98 Phom

Phomtʰep ‘weep’French 83: 578

Wanchosap ‘cry (weep)’Marrison 67 Naga

Wanchosap ‘weep’French 83: 578

1.7.3.1Jingpho6

Jingphokhrap ‘weep’Benedict 72 STC: 116

Jingphokhɹap³¹ ‘cry, weep’Liu 84

Jingphokhʒap³¹ v.‘cry’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1485.19

Jingphokhʒap³¹ ‘weep’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 718.47

Jingphokrap ‘cry (weep)’Marrison 67 Naga

Jingpho¹khrap v.‘cry’Weidert 87 TBTo: 1093

1.7.3.2Asakian5

Gananhɑp³ v.‘weep, cry’Luce 85: L.303

Kadu (Kantu)hɑp³ v.‘weep, cry’Luce 85: L.303

Sakhraʔ ‘weep’Huziwara 08 Sak: 61

Sak (Dodem)hrɑt² v.‘weep, cry’Luce 85: L.303

Sak (Bawtala)hrɑʔ³ v.‘weep, cry’Luce 85: L.303

2.1.1Western Himalayish9

Kanaurikram◦migʻmorpheme v‘weep’Bailey 11

Kanaurikram◦migʻmorpheme (-bomorpheme) vi‘weep / cry / mourn / mew’Bailey 11

Kanaurikrap ‘weep’Benedict 72 STC: 116

Kanaurikrap ‘weep’Coblin 86: 159

Kanaurikrap◦shigʻmorpheme vi‘weep / cry / mourn / mew’Bailey 11

Kanaurikrap◦s̱ẖimigʻmorpheme vi‘weep together / mourn’Bailey 11

Kanaurikrəb◦migmorpheme ‘weep’Sharma, D.D. 88 Kn: 34

Kanaurisprefix◦krap◦s̱ẖimigʻmorpheme vi‘weep together / mourn’Bailey 11

Pattani [Manchati]krap◦i v‘cry / weep’Sharma, S.R. 91 Ma: 3.4.8

2.1.2Bodic5

Tsangla (Motuo)gep ‘cry, weep’Sun H 80 MLD

Tsangla (Motuo)gep ‘weep’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 718.7

Tsangla (Motuo)kep¹³ ‘cry, weep’Zhang Jichuan 86

Tsangla (Tilang)gep ‘cry, weep’Zhang Jichuan 86

Motuo Menbagep v.‘cry’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1485.07

2.1.4Tamangish18

*TGTMᴬkraː, ᴮkraː ‘weep, cry’Only Tukche under tone *BMazaudon 94 These: 66

Chantyalkara-wasuffix v‘cry / weep’Noonan 92: 3.4.8

Gurung (Ghachok)kro◦baqsuffix ‘cry / weep’Glover 72 GuVo: 10.B.3.4

Gurung¹kro- ‘cry / weep’Mazaudon 94 These: 66

Manang (Gyaru)graː² basuffix ‘cry’Nagano 84 Man: 061

Manang (Prakaa)³kraː- ‘weep’Hoshi 84: 0292

Manang (Prakaa)¹kraː- ‘weep’Mazaudon 94 These: 66

Manang (Prakaa)¹kye◦tesuffix- ‘cry’Hoshi 84: 0282

Tamang (Risiangku)¹kraː v‘cry’Mazaudon 91 TamQ: 3.4.8

Tamang (Risiangku)¹kraː ‘weep / cry’Mazaudon 94 These: 65

Tamang (Sahu)kraː-pasuffix v.‘cry, weep’Taylor 72 TmVo: 21.C.4

Tamang (Sahu)¹kraː ‘cry, to weep’Mazaudon 94 These: 66

Tamang (Taglung)hwa-ba ‘cry’Mazaudon 94 These: 67

Thakali (Marpha)⁵⁴'⁴⁴kjaː-mumorpheme ‘weep / cry’Mazaudon 94 These: 67

Thakali (Syang)⁵⁵'⁵⁴kja-mumorpheme ‘weep / cry’Mazaudon 94 These: 67

Thakali (Syang)⁵⁵'⁵⁴kjaː-bamorpheme ‘weep / cry’Mazaudon 94 These: 67

Thakali (Tukche)²ʈa ‘cry / weep’Tukche alone reflects TGTM proto-tone BMazaudon 94 These: 67

Thakali (Tukche)ʈa-lɔmorpheme ‘cry / weep’Hari 71a ThVo: 10.B.3.4

2.3Kiranti1

*Kirantikhrap- v.‘weep’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 202

2.3.1Eastern Kiranti10

Athpare (Rai)hab-emorpheme ‘weep’Ebert 97 Athpare

Athpare (Rai)hap- ‘weep’Ebert 97 Athpare

Athpare (Rai)hap◦mamorpheme ‘weep’Ebert 97 Athpare

Belharehap◦mamorpheme ‘cry’Bickel 95

Limbuhaːp- v.‘weep’Michailovsky 89 Lm

Limbuhaːp- v.‘weep’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 202

Limbuhaːp◦ssuffix- v.‘cause to weep’Michailovsky 89 Lm

Limbuhaːp◦ssuffix- v.‘cause to weep’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 202

Limbuhaːp◦tsuffix- v.‘mourn for, to miss, to weep for’Driem 88? LimA

Yakhahap◦maːsuffix v‘cry / weep’Kohn 90: 3.4.8

2.3.2Southern Kiranti10

Bantawakhap ‘weep’Rai 85 BnDs

Bantawakhap ‘weep’Rai 84 BnDc: 31

Bantawakhap- v.‘weep’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 202

Bantawakhap- v.‘weep’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 202

Bantawakhap- v.i.‘weep’Rai 84 BnDc: 38

Chamlingkhap-(u)morpheme ‘weep’Winter 85: 19

Chamlingkhap-umorpheme v.‘weep’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 202

Chamlingkhrap-umorpheme v.‘weep’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 202

Kulungkhap-amorpheme v.‘weep’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 202

Kulungkhap-amorpheme v.‘weep’Rai 75 Kul

2.3.4Western Kiranti4

Thulungkhrap ‘weep’Benedict 72 STC: 116

Thulungkhrap ‘weep’Coblin 86: 159

Thulungkhrap- v.‘weep’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 202

Thulungkhrap- v.‘weep’Allen 75

2.4Kham-Magar-Chepang8

Chepangkryap- vi.‘cry, weep’Caughley 00 Chepang

Chepangryaʔ- v.‘weep’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 202

Chepangryaʔ- vi.‘cry, weep, make a loud noise’Caughley 00 Chepang

Chepangryaʔ-samorpheme ‘cry / weep’Caughley 72 CVoc: 10.B.3.4

Chepang (Eastern)kryap◦naʔmorpheme v‘cry / weep’Caughley 90 CheQ: 3.4.8

Chepang (Eastern)ryaʔ v‘cry / weep’Caughley 90 CheQ: 3.4.8

Magarhrap ‘weep’Benedict 72 STC: 35n114

Magarhrap ⪤ rap ‘weep’Benedict 72 STC: 116

3.2Qiangic11

Guiqiongqo³⁵ ‘cry / weep’Sun H 91 GuiQ

Guiqiongqo³⁵ ‘weep’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 718.17

Pumi (Jiulong)kuɛ⁵⁵ v.‘cry’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1485.10

Pumi (Lanping)χquɑ⁵⁵ v.‘cry’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1485.09

Pumi (Qinghua)squɑ⁵⁵ ‘cry, weep’Lu 83 Pumi

Pumi (Qinghua)squɑ⁵⁵ ‘weep’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 718.11

Pumi (Taoba)xue⁵⁵ ‘cry, weep’Lu 83 Pumi

Pumi (Taoba)xue⁵⁵ ‘weep’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 718.10

Xumiqua⁵⁵ v.‘cry’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1485.17

Xumiquɛ̃⁵⁵ ‘cry / weep’Sun H 91 ShiQ

Xumiquɛ̃⁵⁵ ‘weep’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 718.20

3.3.1rGyalrong5

rGyalrongkaprefix ŋa#1104 PTB *ŋəw ‘WEEP’PLB *ŋəw¹ ‘WEEP’PL *ŋo¹ ‘CRY’ kru v.‘cry / weep’Dai 89 Jiar: 3.4.8

rGyalrongkaprefix ŋa#1104 PTB *ŋəw ‘WEEP’PLB *ŋəw¹ ‘WEEP’PL *ŋo¹ ‘CRY’ kru ‘weep’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 718.12

rGyalrong (Maerkang)kɑprefix ŋɑ#1104 PTB *ŋəw ‘WEEP’PLB *ŋəw¹ ‘WEEP’PL *ŋo¹ ‘CRY’ kru v.‘cry’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1485.11

rGyalrong (Eastern)kəprefix◦ŋa#1104 PTB *ŋəw ‘WEEP’PLB *ŋəw¹ ‘WEEP’PL *ŋo¹ ‘CRY’ kru v‘cry / weep’Sun H 91 rEQ: 3.4.8

rGyalrongkAprefix nga#1104 PTB *ŋəw ‘WEEP’PLB *ŋəw¹ ‘WEEP’PL *ŋo¹ ‘CRY’ ruk v‘cry’Nagano 97 GyQ: 3.4.8

6.1.1Burmish2

Achang (Longchuan)kʐə⁵⁵ ‘cry out’Dai 85 AcJZ

Achang (Longchuan)kʐə⁵⁵ ‘cry out / yell’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 547.41

8Bai10

Bai (Bijiang)qho⁴⁴ ‘cry, weep’Xu 84 Bai

Bai (Bijiang)qho⁵⁵ ‘weep’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 718.37

Bai (Dali)k'ɔ 2 ‘cry, to’Dell 81: 124

Bai (Dali)kho̱⁴⁴ ‘cry, weep’Xu 84 Bai

Bai (Dali)kho⁴⁴ ‘weep’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 718.35

Bai (Dali)kʰɔ² ‘weep’Dell 81: pp.150-169

Bai (Jianchuan)kho̱³³ v.‘cry’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1485.48

Bai (Jianchuan)kho̱⁴⁴ ‘cry, weep’Xu 84 Bai

Bai (Jianchuan)kho⁴⁴ ‘weep’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 718.36

Bai (Jianchuan)kʰo̱⁴⁴ v.‘cry / weep’Zhao 90: 3.4.8

9.0.1Old Chinese2

Chinese (Old/Mid)kʻli̯əp ‘weep’Chou 72: 694h

Chinese (Old)khljəp ‘weep’Coblin 86: 159

9.0.2Middle Chinese1

Chinese (Middle)khjəp ‘weep’Coblin 86: 159

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #1103, *krap ‘WEEP’.

Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/1103

Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].

References: STC#116

BibTeX

@misc{stedt-1103,
  title  = {{*krap 'WEEP'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #1103},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/1103}
}