The Body › Head and Face › Horn(ed)/Antler › Comb (Hair)

STEDT #1220

*ʔ-gʷəy-s

COMB (FOR HAIR)

Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

handlekʷiyinitialkʷrhymei(y)-ssuffixscoverK · VWS

Intermediate reconstructions

Northern Naga/Konyakian*C̥-gyuay ‘COMB’cf. HPTB p. 25

Lolo-Burmese*ʔ-gʷəy² ⪤ *ʔ-gʷi² ‘COMB’

Burmish*prəy ⪤ *p(r)i ‘COMB (v.) / BRUSH (v.)’

Loloish*ʔ-pi² ‘COMB’

Loloish*ʔ-gʷəy² ‘COMB’

Karenic*khwiɁᴰ ‘COMB (v.)’TL#61

Connections

HPTB (PLB)*ʔ-gʷəy² ⪤ *ʔ-gʷi² ‘comb’pp. 196, 477

Notes

This phonologically unstable root is reconstructed with a labiovelar initial. The reflexes are divided between forms with labial and velar initials, sometimes even within a single subgroup, like Lolo-Burmese. Some reflexes have overt labiovelar initials, like Digaro se-kwi and the Karenic root *khwiɁᴰ.

The Sulung form biek³³ has an unexplained final -k, and the Bai form su⁵⁵phĩ̱²¹ has an unexplained nasal element.

Reflexes & cognates114 reflexes · 19 subgroups

Darang [Taraon]tshe⁵⁵morphemekui⁵⁵ n‘comb’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 459.49

Digarosemorpheme-kwi ‘comb’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 26

1.2.2Central Chin3

Lushai [Mizo]khuih v‘comb’Bhaskararao 96 CDB: 2580

Lushai [Mizo]khuiʔ ‘comb’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 26

Lushai [Mizo]sam#366 PTB *(t)sam ‘HAIR (head)’PKC *sʰam ‘HAIR (head)’PCN *a-tshaːm ‘HAIR (FACE / HEAD)’PCN *a-həm ‘HAIR / LEAF / FEATHER’PTk *sam ‘HAIR (HEAD)’◦khuih◦khuih◦namorpheme n‘comb’Marrison 67 Naga

1.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)2

Ao (Mongsen: Longchang)khiya n‘rake’Marrison 67 Naga

Lotha Nagakeya n‘rake’Marrison 67 Naga

1.7.2Northern Naga/Konyakian2

*Northern NagaCprefix-gyuay ‘comb’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 592

*Northern NagaC̥prefix-gyuay ‘comb’French 83: 470

1.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte2

Tangsa (Moshang)chu n‘comb’Marrison 67 Naga

Tangsa (Moshang)cu ‘comb’French 83: 470

1.7.2.2Konyak-Chang4

Changkumorpheme sei ‘comb’[Source note] ku < ku lo HEAD HAIR (lo = LONG).French 83: 470

Changkumorpheme◦sei n‘comb’Marrison 67 Naga

Konyakšai pumorpheme ‘comb’French 83: 470

Konyakshai◦pumorpheme n‘comb’Marrison 67 Naga

2.1.4Tamangish2

Gurung (Ghachok)prẽ◦baqmorpheme ‘comb wool (with fingers)’Glover 72 GuVo: 7.B.3.1

Gurung (Ghachok)priq◦simorpheme ‘comb’Glover 72 GuVo: 7.A.39

2.3.2Southern Kiranti1

Kulungkhiy-umorpheme v.‘comb’Rai 75 Kul

3.2Qiangic6

Namuyipəʴ³⁵ v‘comb’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 654.19

Namuyiʁo⁵⁵#385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’MesorootsPKC *ʔuu ‘ELDER SIBLING’Allofams1 #385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’1a #1223 PTB *du ‘HEAD’pəʴ³³ n‘comb’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 459.19

Namuyipəʴ³¹ v.‘comb’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1634.46

Namuyiʁuo⁵⁵#385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’MesorootsPKC *ʔuu ‘ELDER SIBLING’Allofams1 #385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’1a #1223 PTB *du ‘HEAD’pəəʴ³¹ n‘comb’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0481.46

Xumiɸiɛ⁵⁵ v‘comb’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 654.20

Xumiʁo³³#385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’MesorootsPKC *ʔuu ‘ELDER SIBLING’Allofams1 #385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’1a #1223 PTB *du ‘HEAD’ɸyɛ³⁵ n‘comb’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 459.20

6.1Lolo-Burmese2

*Lolo-Burmeseʔ-gʷəy² ‘comb’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 592

*Lolo-Burmeseʔ-gʷəy² ⪤ ʔ-gʷi² ‘comb’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 598

6.1.1Burmish25

*Burmesepri ‘comb’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 607

Achang (Lianghe)phjɛ³¹ n‘comb’Dai 85 AcJZ

Achang (Lianghe)phjɛ³¹ v‘comb’Dai 85 AcJZ

Achang (Longchuan)phʐa³¹ n‘comb’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0481.28

Achang (Longchuan)phʐa³¹ v.‘comb’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1634.28

Achang (Longchuan)phʐa³¹ n‘comb’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 459.41

Achang (Longchuan)phʐa³¹ v‘comb’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 654.41

Achang (Luxi)pjɛ⁵⁵ n‘comb’Dai 85 AcJZ

Achang (Luxi)pjɛ⁵⁵ v‘comb’Dai 85 AcJZ

Achang (Xiandao)phɛ³¹ v.‘comb’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1634.29

Burmese (Written)bhî n.‘comb, brush ( = phî )’Benedict 76 WBur

Burmese (Written)bhī: n‘comb’Marrison 67 Naga

Burmese (Written)bhi³ n‘comb’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0481.26

Burmese (Written)bhi³ n‘comb’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 459.39

Burmese (Written)phî v.‘comb, brush ( = phrî )’Benedict 76 WBur

Burmese (Written)phrî v.‘comb, brush’Benedict 76 WBur

Burmese (Written)phri³ v.‘comb’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1634.26

Burmese (Written)phri³ v‘comb’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 654.39

Hpun (Northern)phyè xòmorpheme ‘comb’Henderson 86 Hpun

Hpun (Northern)phyè, phyè-ŋsuffix v‘comb’Henderson 86 Hpun

Marmaphrí ‘comb hair’Huziwara 08 Sak: 1-1b

Marmawəmorpheme◦phrí ‘comb’Huziwara 08 Sak: 1-1c

Maru [Langsu]pjɛ̱³⁵ n‘comb’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 459.43

Atsi [Zaiwa]pje̱²¹ n‘comb’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0481.30

Atsi [Zaiwa]pje̱²¹ n‘comb’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 459.42

6.1.2Loloish1

*Loloishʔprefix-pi² ‘comb’Bradley 79 PLo: 679

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish17

Gazhuoo³¹#385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’MesorootsPKC *ʔuu ‘ELDER SIBLING’Allofams1 #385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’1a #1223 PTB *du ‘HEAD’piɛ⁵⁵ ‘comb’Dai 91 TB15

Yi (Dafang)ku⁵⁵ v‘comb’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 654.22

Yi (Dafang)o³³prefixku⁵⁵ n‘comb’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 459.22

Yi (Mile)dzi²¹dzo²¹morpheme ‘rust’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 39.25

Yi (Mojiang)dʑi³³ ‘rust’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 39.26

Yi (Nanhua)pi⁵⁵ v‘comb’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 654.24

Yi (Nanhua)pɯ⁵⁵ v.‘comb’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1634.37

Yi (Nanhua)u⁵⁵#385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’MesorootsPKC *ʔuu ‘ELDER SIBLING’Allofams1 #385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’1a #1223 PTB *du ‘HEAD’pi̱⁵⁵ n‘comb’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 459.24

Yi (Nanhua)ʑi³³ ȵi³³#2499 PTB *r-ni ‘RED’PLB *ʔ-ni¹ ‘RED’ dzo²¹morpheme v.‘rust’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1618.37

Yi (Nanjian)(u³¹#385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’MesorootsPKC *ʔuu ‘ELDER SIBLING’Allofams1 #385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’1a #1223 PTB *du ‘HEAD’dy⁵⁵morpheme)pɯ²¹ v‘comb’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 654.23

Yi (Nanjian)u²¹#385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’MesorootsPKC *ʔuu ‘ELDER SIBLING’Allofams1 #385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’1a #1223 PTB *du ‘HEAD’pɯ²¹tɕi̱³³morpheme n‘comb’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 459.23

Yi (Xide)kɯ⁵⁵ v.‘comb’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1634.35

Yi (Xide)kɯ⁵⁵ v‘comb’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 654.21

Yi (Xide)ɔ³³prefixkɯ⁵⁵ n‘comb’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0481.35

Yi (Xide)ɔ³³prefixkɯ⁵⁵ n‘comb’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 459.21

6.1.2.2Central Loloish23

Jinuophi³³ɕi⁴²morpheme n‘comb’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 459.34

Jinuophi⁵⁵ɕi⁴²morpheme n‘comb’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0481.44

Jinuo (Youle)phi⁵⁵ʃi⁴²morpheme n.‘comb’Gai 86

*Common Lahupuiˍ ‘comb’Bradley 79 PLo: 679

Lahu (Lancang)pɤ¹¹kɑ⁵⁴#6131 PTB *m-kryat ‘SCRATCH / SCRAPE’PNC *kiat ‘SCRAPE’PCN *a-tʃhət ‘SHAVE / SCRAPE’TGTM *ᴮkʰret ‘SCRATCH’PLB *m-krak ‘SCRATCH’PLB *Nkret ‘SCRATCH / SCRAPE / RASP’ n‘comb’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0481.43

Lahu (Black)pə³¹kᴀ⁵⁴#6131 PTB *m-kryat ‘SCRATCH / SCRAPE’PNC *kiat ‘SCRAPE’PCN *a-tʃhət ‘SHAVE / SCRAPE’TGTM *ᴮkʰret ‘SCRATCH’PLB *m-krak ‘SCRATCH’PLB *Nkret ‘SCRATCH / SCRAPE / RASP’ n‘comb’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 459.33

Lahu (Black)pɨ̄-kâʔ#6131 PTB *m-kryat ‘SCRATCH / SCRAPE’PNC *kiat ‘SCRAPE’PCN *a-tʃhət ‘SHAVE / SCRAPE’TGTM *ᴮkʰret ‘SCRATCH’PLB *m-krak ‘SCRATCH’PLB *Nkret ‘SCRATCH / SCRAPE / RASP’ ‘comb’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 96(a)

Lahu (Yellow)pɤ² v.‘comb’Chang 86

Lahu (Yellow)pɤ⁵ n.‘comb’Chang 86

Lahu (Yellow)pɤ⁵ʑa³morpheme ‘comb (fine-toothed)’Chang 86

Lisu (Putao)ô¹#385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’MesorootsPKC *ʔuu ‘ELDER SIBLING’Allofams1 #385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’1a #1223 PTB *du ‘HEAD’pɯ¹ ‘comb; to comb (head)’Luce 85: V.29

Lisuo⁵⁵#385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’MesorootsPKC *ʔuu ‘ELDER SIBLING’Allofams1 #385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’1a #1223 PTB *du ‘HEAD’pɯ⁵⁵ n‘comb’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 459.27

Lisuprgh¹ ‘comb’Bradley 79 PLo: 679

Lisu (Theng-yüeh)prgh¹ ‘comb; to comb (head)’Luce 85: V.29

Lisu (Central)prgh¹ v.‘comb’Fraser 22

Lisu (Northern)pɤ⁵⁵ V‘comb’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Putao)pɯ¹ ‘comb; to comb (head)’Luce 85: V.29

Lisupɯ⁵⁵ v.‘comb’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1634.40

Lisupɯ⁵⁵ v‘comb’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 654.27

Lisu (Central)wu¹#385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’MesorootsPKC *ʔuu ‘ELDER SIBLING’Allofams1 #385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’1a #1223 PTB *du ‘HEAD’-prgh¹ n.‘comb’Fraser 22

Lisu (Theng-yüeh)wu¹#385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’MesorootsPKC *ʔuu ‘ELDER SIBLING’Allofams1 #385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’1a #1223 PTB *du ‘HEAD’prgh¹ ‘comb; to comb (head)’Luce 85: V.29

Lisu (Northern)ɔ⁵⁵prefixpɤ⁵⁵ ga²¹morphemelæ²¹morpheme ‘thick-toothed comb’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)ɔ⁵⁵prefixpɤ⁵⁵ mja³³morphemedzi³³morpheme ‘comb with thin and dense teeth’Bradley 94 Lisu

6.2Naxi5

Naxi (Yongning)pv³¹mi¹³morpheme n‘comb’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 459.29

Naxi (Lijiang)pəɹ⁵⁵ v‘comb’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 654.28

Naxi (Lijiang)pəɹ⁵⁵me³³morpheme n‘comb’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 459.28

Naxipɚ⁵⁵ v.‘comb’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1634.45

Naxipɚ⁵⁵me³³morpheme n‘comb’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0481.45

7Karenic24

*Karenkhwéid v.t.‘comb’Jones 61: 102

*Karenkhwis v‘comb’Benedict 79 Kar: 13

*KarenkhwiɁᴰ v.‘comb’[Source note] The SK tones suggest tone *A in PK.Luangthongkum 13: 61

*Karen [Burling]khwi⁴ v.‘comb’Luangthongkum 13: 61

Bwekhwi v.‘comb’Henderson 97 Kar

Bwekhwi³³ v.‘comb’Luangthongkum 13: 61

Bwewi v.‘comb’Henderson 97 Kar

Bwewi komorpheme=wo kɔ́morpheme v.‘comb the hair’Henderson 97 Kar

Karenkhui⁵⁵ v.‘comb’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1634.50

Kayahkhwi⁵⁵ v.‘comb’Luangthongkum 13: 61

KayankhiɁ⁴⁵ v.‘comb’Luangthongkum 13: 61

Kayan (Pekon)kwì V‘comb’Manson 10 Kayan

Kayan (Pekon)kʰwì V‘comb’Manson 10 Kayan

Kayawkhi³³ v.‘comb’Luangthongkum 13: 61

Pa-Okhút v‘comb’Benedict 79 Kar: 13

Pa-O (Northern)khut²¹ v.‘comb’Luangthongkum 13: 61

Palaychikhwɛ̀q v‘comb’Benedict 79 Kar: 13

Pwo (Northern)khwi³⁵ v.‘comb’Luangthongkum 13: 61

Pwo (Bassein)khwì v‘comb’Benedict 79 Kar: 13

Pwo (Southern)khwi⁵³ v.‘comb’Luangthongkum 13: 61

Pwo (Moulmein)khwì v‘comb’Benedict 79 Kar: 13

Sgawkhwí v‘comb’Benedict 79 Kar: 13

Sgaw (Northern)khwi³³ v.‘comb’Luangthongkum 13: 61

Sgaw (Southern)khwi⁵⁵ v.‘comb’Luangthongkum 13: 61

8Bai1

Bai (Jianchuan)su⁵⁵morphemephĩ̱²¹ n‘comb’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0481.48

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #1220, *ʔ-gʷəy-s ‘COMB (FOR HAIR)’.

Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/1220

Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].

References: cf. STC#480, HPTB pp.26, 434

BibTeX

@misc{stedt-1220,
  title  = {{*ʔ-gʷəy-s 'COMB (FOR HAIR)'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #1220},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/1220}
}