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STEDT #1192

*r-ŋwa-l

FACE / FRONT
Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

handles/rprefixs/rinitialŋ(w)rhymea(s/l)coverM · LS

Connections

Allofams

Notes

The final liquid is attested directly in Kaman, Karbi, Tsangla, and Tshona, and indirectly in Manang, Thakali, Bantawa, and Chinese (all of which have a final nasal). The final -i in Bantawa ŋai wa and Chamling ngai is also perhaps a reflex of this final liquid. The *r- prefix is attested in rGyalrongic.

The Written Tibetan rhyme -o is a regular reflex of PTB *-wa (cf. #632 PTB *s/p-wa TOOTH > WT so).

There is no apparent relation to PTai *hnaa-C ‘face’.

The final nasals in the Tamang and Magar forms are either to be attributed to the final -l or to assimilation from the nasal initial.

There is a Chinese comparandum (顏) reconstructed in GSR 199c with final -n. Again, it is possible to assign this to #2017 PTB *ŋar TOPKNOT / FOREPART / FRONT SIDE rather than to the present allofam.

Chinese comparandum

顏 #2533 PTB *ŋra-k/ŋ MEET.

Reflexes & cognates84 reflexes · 16 subgroups

1.1.2Deng3

Kaman [Miju]a³¹morpheme ŋal³⁵ ‘face’LaPolla 87: 213
Kaman [Miju]ɑ³¹morpheme ŋɑl³⁵ ‘face’Sun H 80 MLD

1.5Mikir [Karbi]1

Mikir [Karbi]momorpheme◦hor ‘face’Matisoff 87 BP

2.1.3Lepcha1

Lepchan̊o ‘face’Matisoff 87 BP

2.1.4Tamangish15

*TGTMᴬʰŋon ‘front’Mazaudon 94 These: 226
Manang (Gyaru)ŋon² dzᴇ²morpheme ‘front’Nagano 84 Man: 354
Tamang (Risiangku)¹ŋon ‘front / before’Mazaudon 94 These: 226
Tamang (Sahu)ngohn◦kyāmmorpheme ‘before’Hale 73 CSD: XIID
Tamang (Sahu)ngon◦kyāmmorpheme adj‘front’Hale 73 CSD: 12c.16
Tamang (Sahu)ngon◦kyāmmorpheme ‘in front of’Hale 73 CSD: XIIC56
Tamang (Sahu)ŋohn◦kyammorpheme adj.‘before’Taylor 72 TmVo: 12.D.28
Tamang (Sahu)ŋon◦kyammorpheme adj.‘front’Taylor 72 TmVo: 12.C.16
Tamang (Sahu)ŋon◦kyammorpheme adj.‘in front of’Taylor 72 TmVo: 12.C.57
Thakalingon-sāngmorpheme ‘in front of’Hale 73 CSD: XIIC56
Thakali (Tukche)ŋon-saŋmorpheme ‘front’Hari 71a ThVo: 12.C.16
Thakali (Tukche)ŋon-saŋmorpheme ‘in front of’Hari 71a ThVo: 12.C.56

2.3Kiranti1

2.3.2Southern Kiranti15

BantawaNai◦wamorpheme ‘face’Rai 85 BnDs
BantawaNa◦lUNmorpheme ‘face’Rai 85 BnDs
Bantawaŋai◦wamorpheme ‘face’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 60
Bantawaŋa◦lïŋmorpheme ‘face’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 60
Bantawaŋa◦lïŋmorpheme ‘face’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 60
Chamlingngai ‘face, looks’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 60
Chamlingngai ‘face’Winter 85: 26
Chamlingnga◦lungmorpheme ‘face, cheek’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 60
Chamlingnga◦lungmorpheme ‘face / cheek’Winter 85: 26
Kulungŋo◦bomorpheme ‘face’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 60
Kulungŋo◦bomorpheme ‘face’Rai 75 Kul

2.4Kham-Magar-Chepang3

Kham'ngāːh ‘face’Matisoff 87 BP
Kham'ŋaːh ‘face’Watters 89 KhQ: 2.A.21
Magarngon-sāngmorpheme adj‘front’Hale 73 CSD: 12c.16

3.3.1rGyalrong2

rGyalrong (NW)təprefix◦rŋe ‘face’Sun H 91 rNW: 3.1

9.0.1Old Chinese1

Chinese (Old/Mid)ngɑn/ngɑn ‘face, countenance, color’Karlgren 57 GSR: 199c

9.0.3Modern Chinese1

Chinese (Mandarin)yen ‘face, countenance, color’Karlgren 57 GSR: 199c

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #1192, *r-ŋwa-l ‘FACE / FRONT’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/1192
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-1192,
  title  = {{*r-ŋwa-l 'FACE / FRONT'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #1192},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/1192}
}