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STEDT #474

*ak

CRACK OPEN / MOUTH / CHIN

Proto-Tibeto-Burman · exemplary

Reconstruction analysis

handleakrhymeakcoverT

Intermediate reconstructions

Karenic*ɁaNᴬ ‘OPEN (THE MOUTH)’TL#208

Notes

The Karenic languages have apparently substituted the homorganic velar nasal for -k.

Reflexes & cognates29 reflexes · 6 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)1

*Tibeto-Burmanak ‘crack open, mouth’Benedict 72 STC: 106

2.1.1Western Himalayish6

Bunanag ‘mouth’Benedict 72 STC: 106

Bunanaʔ ‘mouth’Sharma, S.R. 91 Bu: 3.7

Bunanaʔ alcamorpheme v‘gape / open mouth’Sharma, S.R. 91 Bu: 3.7.15

Pattani [Manchati]ǎ ‘mouth’Sharma, S.R. 91 Ma: 3.7

Pattani [Manchati]ǎ càŋzimorpheme v‘open mouth’Sharma, S.R. 91 Ma: 3.7.15

Pattani [Manchati]à(h) ‘mouth, beak’Sharma, D.D. 82 TH

2.1.2.1Tibetan6

Tibetan (Written)'ag-tʻsom#366 PTB *(t)sam ‘HAIR (head)’PKC *sʰam ‘HAIR (head)’PCN *a-tshaːm ‘HAIR (FACE / HEAD)’PCN *a-həm ‘HAIR / LEAF / FEATHER’PTk *sam ‘HAIR (HEAD)’ ‘chin-beard’Matisoff 87 BP

Tibetan (Written)'og-rgyamorpheme ‘beard’Matisoff 87 BP

Tibetan (Written)'og-tʻsom#366 PTB *(t)sam ‘HAIR (head)’PKC *sʰam ‘HAIR (head)’PCN *a-tshaːm ‘HAIR (FACE / HEAD)’PCN *a-həm ‘HAIR / LEAF / FEATHER’PTk *sam ‘HAIR (HEAD)’ ‘beard’Matisoff 87 BP

Tibetan (Written)ag-tshom#366 PTB *(t)sam ‘HAIR (head)’PKC *sʰam ‘HAIR (head)’PCN *a-tshaːm ‘HAIR (FACE / HEAD)’PCN *a-həm ‘HAIR / LEAF / FEATHER’PTk *sam ‘HAIR (HEAD)’ ‘beard’Coblin 86: 90

Tibetan (Written)ɑg-tshom#366 PTB *(t)sam ‘HAIR (head)’PKC *sʰam ‘HAIR (head)’PCN *a-tshaːm ‘HAIR (FACE / HEAD)’PCN *a-həm ‘HAIR / LEAF / FEATHER’PTk *sam ‘HAIR (HEAD)’ ‘beard’Chou 72

Tibetan (Written)ʔag-tshom#366 PTB *(t)sam ‘HAIR (head)’PKC *sʰam ‘HAIR (head)’PCN *a-tshaːm ‘HAIR (FACE / HEAD)’PCN *a-həm ‘HAIR / LEAF / FEATHER’PTk *sam ‘HAIR (HEAD)’ ‘beard’Benedict 72 STC: 73

2.1.3Lepcha2

Lepchaók v.‘open (as door, mouth)’Benedict 72 STC: 106

Lepchaʔok v.‘open’Plaisier 07 Lepcha

6.1.1Burmish5

Burmese (Written)a ‘crack open, gape’Also glossed as “inside of mouth”. Possibly allofamic with ak, although a WB alternation between open a and ak is not attested elsewhere.Benedict 76 WBur

Burmese (Written)ak v.‘crack open ( less than WB a )’Benedict 76 WBur

Burmese (Written)ak ‘crack open, mouth’Benedict 72 STC: 106

Burmese (Written)ăprefix◦ak ‘opening, gap’Benedict 72 STC: 106

Burmese (Written)ɑk⁴ v.‘split open / rend’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1500.26

7Karenic11

*KarenɁaNᴬ ‘open (the mouth)’Luangthongkum 13: 208

Bwea⁵⁵-tha³³ ‘open (the mouth)’Luangthongkum 13: 208

KayahɁɛ³³ ‘open (the mouth)’Luangthongkum 13: 208

KayanɁaŋ⁵³ ‘open (the mouth)’Luangthongkum 13: 208

KayawɁɔ⁵⁵ ‘open (the mouth)’Luangthongkum 13: 208

Pa-O (Southern)Ɂan³¹¨ ‘open (the mouth)’Luangthongkum 13: 208

Pa-O (Northern)Ɂaŋ³¹¨ ‘open (the mouth)’Luangthongkum 13: 208

Pa-O (Northern)ɑŋ⁶ v.‘open (mouth)’Luce 85: I.148

Pa-Oʔàŋ phrɔ̂ŋ#476 PTB *m-p(r)(w)aŋ ‘MOUTH’PTani *fi-buŋ ‘BEAK’PCN *paŋ ‘MOUTH’ ‘open mouth’Solnit 89 PaO

Pwo (Southern)Ɂɔ̃³¹¨ ‘open (the mouth)’Luangthongkum 13: 208

Sgaw (Northern)Ɂɔ³³ ‘open (the mouth)’Luangthongkum 13: 208

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #474, *ak ‘CRACK OPEN / MOUTH / CHIN’.

Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/474

Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].

References: STC#106

BibTeX

@misc{stedt-474,
  title  = {{*ak 'CRACK OPEN / MOUTH / CHIN'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #474},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/474}
}