STEDT #262
*s-gram
CHEEK / FACE / JAW
Reconstruction analysis
handlegramprefixsinitialgrrhymeamcoverK · N
Connections
See alsoBANK/RIM
Notes
This is undoubtedly the same etymon as STC #39 *r-kaːm ‘edge, bank, precipice; lips, mouth’, but in view of the considerable semantic divergence, we are here treating them separately.
Reflexes & cognates85 reflexes · 12 subgroups
1.1.1.2Eastern Tani3
1.1.2Deng3
Darang [Taraon]thram-um#363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’MesorootsPKC *mul ⪤ *hmul ‘HAIR (body) / FUR / WOOL’Allofams1 #363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’1a #1429 PTB *s-mu-t ‘BEARD / FACIAL HAIR / HAIR’1b #2058 PTB *mum ‘CHIN / BEARD’ ‘beard’Matisoff 87 BP
Darang [Taraon]tʰɯ³¹ ɹɯm⁵³ m̩⁵⁵#363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’MesorootsPKC *mul ⪤ *hmul ‘HAIR (body) / FUR / WOOL’Allofams1 #363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’1a #1429 PTB *s-mu-t ‘BEARD / FACIAL HAIR / HAIR’1b #2058 PTB *mum ‘CHIN / BEARD’ ‘beard’Sun H 80 MLD
Idueprefix◦rõ◦mo#363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’MesorootsPKC *mul ⪤ *hmul ‘HAIR (body) / FUR / WOOL’Allofams1 #363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’1a #1429 PTB *s-mu-t ‘BEARD / FACIAL HAIR / HAIR’1b #2058 PTB *mum ‘CHIN / BEARD’ ‘beard’Pulu 78
2.1.1Western Himalayish3
2.1.2Bodic3
2.1.2.1Tibetan38
Tibetan (Central)ʈa̱m◦so#632 PTB *s/p-wa ‘TOOTH’PTani *fiː ‘TOOTH’PKC *haa ‘TOOTH’PCN *p-hwa ‘TOOTH’PTk *ha ‘TOOTH’PNN *swaᴮ ‘TOOTH’PLB *swa² ‘TOOTH’PL *swa² ‘TOOTH’ ‘molar’Weidert 87 TBTo: 750
Tibetan (Jirel)Dām◦so#632 PTB *s/p-wa ‘TOOTH’PTani *fiː ‘TOOTH’PKC *haa ‘TOOTH’PCN *p-hwa ‘TOOTH’PTk *ha ‘TOOTH’PNN *swaᴮ ‘TOOTH’PLB *swa² ‘TOOTH’PL *swa² ‘TOOTH’ ‘molar’Matisoff 87 BP
SherpaDam◦sā#632 PTB *s/p-wa ‘TOOTH’PTani *fiː ‘TOOTH’PKC *haa ‘TOOTH’PCN *p-hwa ‘TOOTH’PTk *ha ‘TOOTH’PNN *swaᴮ ‘TOOTH’PLB *swa² ‘TOOTH’PL *swa² ‘TOOTH’ ‘molar’Matisoff 87 BP
Tibetan (Sherpa:Helambu)dam◦soh#632 PTB *s/p-wa ‘TOOTH’PTani *fiː ‘TOOTH’PKC *haa ‘TOOTH’PCN *p-hwa ‘TOOTH’PTk *ha ‘TOOTH’PNN *swaᴮ ‘TOOTH’PLB *swa² ‘TOOTH’PL *swa² ‘TOOTH’ ‘molar’Bishop 89: 3.10.2
Tibetan (Written)'gram-pa#1902 PTB *-pu ⪤ *-pwa ‘SUFFIX (nominalizer; bulk-provider)’ ‘cheek’Zhang Liansheng 88: 17
Tibetan (Written)'gram◦pa#1902 PTB *-pu ⪤ *-pwa ‘SUFFIX (nominalizer; bulk-provider)’ ‘cheek’Marrison 67 Naga
Tibetan (Written)'gram◦rus#232 PTB *s/m/g-rus ‘BONE’MesorootsPKC *ruʔ ‘BONE’PCN *a-rut ‘BONE’PTk *ru ‘BONE’PKar *khrwitᴰ ‘BONE’Allofams1 #232 PTB *s/m/g-rus ‘BONE’1a #234 PTB *s-rus ‘BONE’1b #233 PTB *g-rus ‘BONE’ ‘jaw’Marrison 67 Naga
Tibetan (Written)gram-so#632 PTB *s/p-wa ‘TOOTH’PTani *fiː ‘TOOTH’PKC *haa ‘TOOTH’PCN *p-hwa ‘TOOTH’PTk *ha ‘TOOTH’PNN *swaᴮ ‘TOOTH’PLB *swa² ‘TOOTH’PL *swa² ‘TOOTH’ ‘molar’Matisoff 87 BP
Tibetan (Written)ḥgram-rus#232 PTB *s/m/g-rus ‘BONE’MesorootsPKC *ruʔ ‘BONE’PCN *a-rut ‘BONE’PTk *ru ‘BONE’PKar *khrwitᴰ ‘BONE’Allofams1 #232 PTB *s/m/g-rus ‘BONE’1a #234 PTB *s-rus ‘BONE’1b #233 PTB *g-rus ‘BONE’ ‘jawbone, cheekbone’Matisoff 87 BP
Tibetan (Written)ḥgram-rus#232 PTB *s/m/g-rus ‘BONE’MesorootsPKC *ruʔ ‘BONE’PCN *a-rut ‘BONE’PTk *ru ‘BONE’PKar *khrwitᴰ ‘BONE’Allofams1 #232 PTB *s/m/g-rus ‘BONE’1a #234 PTB *s-rus ‘BONE’1b #233 PTB *g-rus ‘BONE’ ‘cheekbone, jawbone’Matisoff 87 BP
Tibetan (Written)ḥgram-s̀a#34 PTB *sya-n ‘FLESH / MEAT / GAME ANIMAL’MesorootsPKC *sʰaa ‘ANIMAL / FLESH / MEAT’PCN *a-ʃaʔ ‘ANIMAL / MEAT, FLESH’PTk *sa ‘FLESH / MEAT / ANIMAL’Allofams1 #5711 PTB *sya-n ⪤ *sin ‘FLESH / ANIMAL / BODY / AGENTIVE NOMINALIZER’1a #34 PTB *sya-n ‘FLESH / MEAT / GAME ANIMAL’1b #318 PTB *sin ‘BODY / OWNER / AGENTIVE NOMINALIZER’ ‘flesh of cheek’Matisoff 87 BP
Tibetan (Written)h̥gram-so#632 PTB *s/p-wa ‘TOOTH’PTani *fiː ‘TOOTH’PKC *haa ‘TOOTH’PCN *p-hwa ‘TOOTH’PTk *ha ‘TOOTH’PNN *swaᴮ ‘TOOTH’PLB *swa² ‘TOOTH’PL *swa² ‘TOOTH’ ‘cheek-tooth’Matisoff 87 BP
Tibetan (Written)mur#467 PTB *s-muːr ‘MOUTH / LIP / HOLD IN MOUTH / CHEW / FACE / GILLS’PKC *hmuur ‘LIP / BEAK / MOUTH / TIP’PCN *mən ‘MOUTH’PTk *mor ‘MOUTH’-'gram ‘jaw’Chou 72: 441a-c
Tibetan (Written)mur#467 PTB *s-muːr ‘MOUTH / LIP / HOLD IN MOUTH / CHEW / FACE / GILLS’PKC *hmuur ‘LIP / BEAK / MOUTH / TIP’PCN *mən ‘MOUTH’PTk *mor ‘MOUTH’-gram ‘jaw’LaPolla 87: 213
Tibetan (Written)mur#467 PTB *s-muːr ‘MOUTH / LIP / HOLD IN MOUTH / CHEW / FACE / GILLS’PKC *hmuur ‘LIP / BEAK / MOUTH / TIP’PCN *mən ‘MOUTH’PTk *mor ‘MOUTH’-ḥgram ‘jaw, jawbone’Matisoff 87 BP
Tibetan (Written)mur#467 PTB *s-muːr ‘MOUTH / LIP / HOLD IN MOUTH / CHEW / FACE / GILLS’PKC *hmuur ‘LIP / BEAK / MOUTH / TIP’PCN *mən ‘MOUTH’PTk *mor ‘MOUTH’-ḥgram ‘jaw’Benedict 72 STC: 366
Tibetan (Written)ɦgram-so#632 PTB *s/p-wa ‘TOOTH’PTani *fiː ‘TOOTH’PKC *haa ‘TOOTH’PCN *p-hwa ‘TOOTH’PTk *ha ‘TOOTH’PNN *swaᴮ ‘TOOTH’PLB *swa² ‘TOOTH’PL *swa² ‘TOOTH’ ‘molar’Weidert 87 TBTo: 750
2.1.4Tamangish18
Tamang (Risiangku)³kram◦pasuffix-¹ru#232 PTB *s/m/g-rus ‘BONE’MesorootsPKC *ruʔ ‘BONE’PCN *a-rut ‘BONE’PTk *ru ‘BONE’PKar *khrwitᴰ ‘BONE’Allofams1 #232 PTB *s/m/g-rus ‘BONE’1a #234 PTB *s-rus ‘BONE’1b #233 PTB *g-rus ‘BONE’ n‘cheekbone’Mazaudon 91 TamQ: 3.11.1
Tamang (Risiangku)³kram◦pasuffix-¹sua#632 PTB *s/p-wa ‘TOOTH’PTani *fiː ‘TOOTH’PKC *haa ‘TOOTH’PCN *p-hwa ‘TOOTH’PTk *ha ‘TOOTH’PNN *swaᴮ ‘TOOTH’PLB *swa² ‘TOOTH’PL *swa² ‘TOOTH’ n, np‘molar’Mazaudon 91 TamQ: 3.10.2
Tamang (Sahu)grāhm◦pasuffix sā#632 PTB *s/p-wa ‘TOOTH’PTani *fiː ‘TOOTH’PKC *haa ‘TOOTH’PCN *p-hwa ‘TOOTH’PTk *ha ‘TOOTH’PNN *swaᴮ ‘TOOTH’PLB *swa² ‘TOOTH’PL *swa² ‘TOOTH’ ‘molar’Matisoff 87 BP
Tamang (Sahu)grahm◦pasuffix◦sa#632 PTB *s/p-wa ‘TOOTH’PTani *fiː ‘TOOTH’PKC *haa ‘TOOTH’PCN *p-hwa ‘TOOTH’PTk *ha ‘TOOTH’PNN *swaᴮ ‘TOOTH’PLB *swa² ‘TOOTH’PL *swa² ‘TOOTH’ ‘molar’Taylor 72 TmVo: 2.25
Tamang (Sahu)gramʱ◦pasuffix sa#632 PTB *s/p-wa ‘TOOTH’PTani *fiː ‘TOOTH’PKC *haa ‘TOOTH’PCN *p-hwa ‘TOOTH’PTk *ha ‘TOOTH’PNN *swaᴮ ‘TOOTH’PLB *swa² ‘TOOTH’PL *swa² ‘TOOTH’ ‘molar’Weidert 87 TBTo: 750
Thakali (Tukche)kam-sa#632 PTB *s/p-wa ‘TOOTH’PTani *fiː ‘TOOTH’PKC *haa ‘TOOTH’PCN *p-hwa ‘TOOTH’PTk *ha ‘TOOTH’PNN *swaᴮ ‘TOOTH’PLB *swa² ‘TOOTH’PL *swa² ‘TOOTH’ ‘molar’Matisoff 87 BP
3.2Qiangic6
3.3rGyalrongic2
3.3.1rGyalrong2
6.1.1Burmish3
6.1.2.2Central Loloish3
9.0.3Modern Chinese1
Cite this entry
STEDT etymon #262,
*s-gram ‘CHEEK / FACE / JAW’.Stable link:
https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/262Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-262,
title = {{*s-gram 'CHEEK / FACE / JAW'}},
author = {STEDT},
year = {2017},
note = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #262},
url = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/262}
}