The Body › Head and Face › Face

STEDT #1187

*s-ma-y

FACE / CHEEK / FRONT / AHEAD / FIRST

Proto-Tibeto-Burman · exemplary

Reconstruction analysis

handles/r-maprefixs/rinitialmrhymeaːycoverM · W

Intermediate reconstructions

Kuki-Chin*hmaay ‘FACE / FRONT’PKC #873

Kuki-Chin*hmaa ‘FRONT / FIRST’

Kuki-Chin*hmaay-saa ‘AHEAD / FIRST’PKC #637

Central Naga (Ao Group)*hmaj ‘FACE / SURFACE’PCN #042

Tangkhulic*maj ‘FACE’DRM#667

Connections

HPTB*s-maːy ‘face’pp. 210, 537

Notes

GSTC #109.

Several putative reflexes have back vowels (Chepang mo.hor, Yi [Xide] a⁵⁵-mo²¹, Lisu mu⁵prgh¹du³). Two West Himalayish languages have forms with final dental stop and mid vowel (Bunan and Pattani mod), which makes it tempting to reconstruct a separate root *mwa-t, although this is premature.

This root seems to have developed the meaning TOOTH in Karenic.

Also possibly related is #4766 PKC *muy FIGURE / LOOK.

If we accept the cognacy of WB hma ‘locative particle’ to the Kuki-Chin forms, this etymon should be reconstructed at the PTB level.

Reflexes & cognates222 reflexes · 27 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)2

*Tibeto-Burmans-maːy ‘face’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 109

*Tibeto-Burmans-maːy ‘face’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 601

1.2Kuki-Chin7

*Chinhmaa ‘FRONT / FIRST’VanBik 09 PKC: 874

*Chinhmaay ‘FACE / FRONT’VanBik 09 PKC: 873

*Chinhmaay-saa ‘AHEAD / FIRST’VanBik 09 PKC: 637

Analhmɛ ‘face’Matisoff 87 BP

Chinbokmik#682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’MesorootsPTani *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik-kuu-I, -kuk-II ‘SLEEPY’PCN *mjak ⪤ *hmik ‘EYE’PTk *mik ‘EYE’PTk *mit ‘EYE’TGTM *ᴮʰmiː(ŋ) ‘EYE’Allofams1 #33 PTB *s-myak ⪤ *s-mik ‘EYE’1a #682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’1b #681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’-hmai ‘face’Matisoff 87 BP

Ngawnmit#682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’MesorootsPTani *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik-kuu-I, -kuk-II ‘SLEEPY’PCN *mjak ⪤ *hmik ‘EYE’PTk *mik ‘EYE’PTk *mit ‘EYE’TGTM *ᴮʰmiː(ŋ) ‘EYE’Allofams1 #33 PTB *s-myak ⪤ *s-mik ‘EYE’1a #682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’1b #681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’-mai ‘face’Matisoff 87 BP

Thanphummiŋ¹#682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’MesorootsPTani *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik-kuu-I, -kuk-II ‘SLEEPY’PCN *mjak ⪤ *hmik ‘EYE’PTk *mik ‘EYE’PTk *mit ‘EYE’TGTM *ᴮʰmiː(ŋ) ‘EYE’Allofams1 #33 PTB *s-myak ⪤ *s-mik ‘EYE’1a #682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’1b #681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’hmɑi⁵ ‘face’Luce 85: P.5

1.2.1.1Northern Chin23

Kuki-Chinma ‘front’Haokip 98: 1.5

Paitema-sa ‘ahead’VanBik 09 PKC: 637

Sizangaprefix ma sā ‘first’VanBik 09 PKC: 637

Sizangmai tang ‘face’VanBik 09 PKC: 873

Thadomáa ‘front’VanBik 09 PKC: 874

Thadomáa sàa be v.‘ahead’VanBik 09 PKC: 637

Thadomâay ‘face’VanBik 09 PKC: 873

Thadomu ‘face’LaPolla 87: 213

Tiddima² ma¹ sa¹ ‘first’VanBik 09 PKC: 637

Tiddimmai ‘face’Matisoff 87 BP

Tiddimma¹ ‘front’VanBik 09 PKC: 874

Tiddimma¹ ‘front’Bhaskararao 96 CDB: 1036

Tiddimma¹ saː¹morpheme >x ma¹ sak³morpheme vi‘in front; first’Bhaskararao 96 CDB: 1037

Tiddimma¹ saː¹morpheme/ma¹ sak³morpheme ‘front, be in...’Bhaskararao 94 TCV

Tiddimma¹ suan³morpheme >x ma¹ suat³morpheme v‘let somebody walk in front along the path’Bhaskararao 96 CDB: 1038

Tiddimma¹ suan³morpheme/ma¹ suat³morpheme ‘let somebody walk in front...’Bhaskararao 94 TCV

Tiddimmaːi ‘face’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 109

Tiddimmaːi¹ ‘face, front’VanBik 09 PKC: 873

Tiddimmaːi¹ ‘face; front’Bhaskararao 96 CDB: 1060

Tiddimm̄ă◦ˋsuanmorpheme/m̄ă◦ˋsuatmorpheme vpf+v‘let smn (usually women or children) walk in front’Henderson 65 TidC

Tiddimmɑi³- ‘face’Luce 85: P.5

Tiddimˉmă vpf‘in front’Henderson 65 TidC

Tiddimˉmă◦ˋsaːmorpheme/ˉmă◦ˍsakmorpheme vpf+vII‘go in front / in front’Henderson 65 TidC

1.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin11

Asho (Sandoway)kprefix◦mɔyw² ‘face’Luce 85: P.5

Cho (Mindat)hma v‘make first (at the head)’VanBik 09 PKC: 874

Cho (Mindat)hmai ‘face’VanBik 09 PKC: 873

Awa Khumiăprefix◦tăprefix◦mæ² ‘face’Luce 85: P.5

Awa Khumiăprefix◦tăprefix◦mæ⁴ ‘face’Luce 85: P.5

Khumimei#682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’MesorootsPTani *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik-kuu-I, -kuk-II ‘SLEEPY’PCN *mjak ⪤ *hmik ‘EYE’PTk *mik ‘EYE’PTk *mit ‘EYE’TGTM *ᴮʰmiː(ŋ) ‘EYE’Allofams1 #33 PTB *s-myak ⪤ *s-mik ‘EYE’1a #682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’1b #681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’-mai ‘face’Matisoff 87 BP

Khumimoeymáay ‘face’VanBik 09 PKC: 873

Awa Khumiɑ¹prefix◦tămæ̃⁴ ‘cheek’Luce 85: R.29

Khumi (Ahraing)[meɪ⁵#682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’MesorootsPTani *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik-kuu-I, -kuk-II ‘SLEEPY’PCN *mjak ⪤ *hmik ‘EYE’PTk *mik ‘EYE’PTk *mit ‘EYE’TGTM *ᴮʰmiː(ŋ) ‘EYE’Allofams1 #33 PTB *s-myak ⪤ *s-mik ‘EYE’1a #682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’1b #681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’]mɑɛ¹ ‘face’Luce 85: P.5

Matupimᵊhɑi¹ ‘face’Luce 85: P.5

Womatuhmɑi² ‘face’Luce 85: P.5

1.2.2Central Chin19

Khualsimhmɑi² ‘face’Luce 85: P.5

Lai (Hakha)hma-sǎa-I, hma-sat-II be v.‘ahead, first’VanBik 09 PKC: 637

Lai (Hakha)hmâay ‘face, front’VanBik 09 PKC: 873

Lai (Falam)hmáay ‘face’VanBik 09 PKC: 873

Lai (Falam)hmáay-sàa ‘ahead’VanBik 09 PKC: 637

Lai (Hakha)hmɑi⁵ ‘face’Luce 85: P.5

Lai (Hakha)mit#682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’MesorootsPTani *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik-kuu-I, -kuk-II ‘SLEEPY’PCN *mjak ⪤ *hmik ‘EYE’PTk *mik ‘EYE’PTk *mit ‘EYE’TGTM *ᴮʰmiː(ŋ) ‘EYE’Allofams1 #33 PTB *s-myak ⪤ *s-mik ‘EYE’1a #682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’1b #681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’-hmai ‘face’Matisoff 87 BP

Lushai [Mizo]ha#632 PTB *s/p-wa ‘TOOTH’PTani *fiː ‘TOOTH’PKC *haa ‘TOOTH’PCN *p-hwa ‘TOOTH’PTk *ha ‘TOOTH’PNN *swaᴮ ‘TOOTH’PLB *swa² ‘TOOTH’PL *swa² ‘TOOTH’-hmai ‘tooth (incisor)’Matisoff 87 BP

Lushai [Mizo]hmá n‘front, the space or place in front of’VanBik 09 PKC: 874

Lushai [Mizo]hma-asuffix ‘before’Bhaskararao 96 CDB: 1039

Lushai [Mizo]hma-asuffix vi‘in front of’Bhaskararao 96 CDB: 2396

Lushai [Mizo]hmai ‘face’Marrison 67 Naga

Lushai [Mizo]hmai ‘face’Matisoff 87 BP

Lushai [Mizo]hmǎi ‘face’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 109

Lushai [Mizo]hmǎi n‘face’VanBik 09 PKC: 873

Lushai [Mizo]hmai-zaʔ#2790 PTB *g-yaːp ‘FAN / WINNOW / PADDLE / WAVE (v.)’MesorootsPTani *jap ‘FAN’PKC *yaap ‘FAN (v.) / WINNOW / FLUTTER’Allofams12 #5754 PTB *g-(y/r)aːp ‘FAN / WINNOW / PADDLE / WAVE (v.) / BEAT / THRASH’12a #2790 PTB *g-yaːp ‘FAN / WINNOW / PADDLE / WAVE (v.)’12b #2329 PTB *krap ‘BEAT / THRASH / WINNOW’ ‘fan’Benedict 72 STC: 92

Lushai [Mizo]hmɑi³ ‘face’Luce 85: P.5

Paangkhuama◦kòtmorpheme ‘front (in front of house)’Løffler 85 Paa

1.2.3Maraic10

Lailenpimə̆#682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’MesorootsPTani *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik-kuu-I, -kuk-II ‘SLEEPY’PCN *mjak ⪤ *hmik ‘EYE’PTk *mik ‘EYE’PTk *mit ‘EYE’TGTM *ᴮʰmiː(ŋ) ‘EYE’Allofams1 #33 PTB *s-myak ⪤ *s-mik ‘EYE’1a #682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’1b #681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’◦hmɛʔ¹ ‘face’Luce 85: P.5

Lakher [Mara]hmia ‘face’Matisoff 87 BP

Lakher [Mara]hmìa ‘face’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 109

Lakher [Mara]hmía n‘face, the countenance’VanBik 09 PKC: 873

Lothvo (Hiranpi)hmyɛ³ ‘face’Luce 85: P.5

Merahmɛ'¹ ‘face’Luce 85: P.5

Tha'oamɪkˋ#682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’MesorootsPTani *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik-kuu-I, -kuk-II ‘SLEEPY’PCN *mjak ⪤ *hmik ‘EYE’PTk *mik ‘EYE’PTk *mit ‘EYE’TGTM *ᴮʰmiː(ŋ) ‘EYE’Allofams1 #33 PTB *s-myak ⪤ *s-mik ‘EYE’1a #682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’1b #681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’hɑi² ‘face’Luce 85: P.5

Xongsaimɑi²- ‘face’Luce 85: P.5

Zotungma ‘face’Matisoff 87 BP

Zotungmæ⁵ ‘face’Luce 85: P.5

1.2.4“Old Kuki”3

Kom Remma◦te̊ŋ#1212 PTB *ti-ŋ ‘FRONT / FOREHEAD’ ‘front’Toba 91 KRQ: 1.5

Kom Remməi ‘face’Toba 91 KRQ: 3.1

Moyonmæ̀ ~ mæmorpheme◦sòw ~ mæ̀◦sòw ‘face’Kosha 90: 3.1

1.3“Naga” Areal Group2

Maringmai ‘face’Marrison 67 Naga

Maringmai◦bung#263 PTB *bwaŋ ‘CHEEK’ ‘cheek’Marrison 67 Naga

1.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)31

*Central Nagahmaj ‘FACE / SURFACE’Bruhn 14 PCN: III.042

*Aotprefix-ma[j] ‘FACE / SURFACE’Bruhn 14 PCN: II.211

Ao (Chungli)a²prefix-li³#2453 PTB *m-l(e/ə)y ‘EARTH / COUNTRY / GROUND / MUD / SOIL’PKC *lay ‘EARTH / SOIL / WORLD’PCN *a-lej ‘GROUND, EARTH / FIELD’PTk *lej ‘EARTH’PKar *miᴬ ‘WILD’ma¹ n.‘world, earth’Bruhn 14 SuppCN

Ao (Chungli)li¹#2453 PTB *m-l(e/ə)y ‘EARTH / COUNTRY / GROUND / MUD / SOIL’PKC *lay ‘EARTH / SOIL / WORLD’PCN *a-lej ‘GROUND, EARTH / FIELD’PTk *lej ‘EARTH’PKar *miᴬ ‘WILD’ma¹ n.‘region, place, country’Bruhn 14 SuppCN

Ao (Chungli)li#2453 PTB *m-l(e/ə)y ‘EARTH / COUNTRY / GROUND / MUD / SOIL’PKC *lay ‘EARTH / SOIL / WORLD’PCN *a-lej ‘GROUND, EARTH / FIELD’PTk *lej ‘EARTH’PKar *miᴬ ‘WILD’◦ma ‘country’Marrison 67 Naga

Ao (Chungli)li#2453 PTB *m-l(e/ə)y ‘EARTH / COUNTRY / GROUND / MUD / SOIL’PKC *lay ‘EARTH / SOIL / WORLD’PCN *a-lej ‘GROUND, EARTH / FIELD’PTk *lej ‘EARTH’PKar *miᴬ ‘WILD’◦ma n‘land’Marrison 67 Naga

Ao (Chungli)li#2453 PTB *m-l(e/ə)y ‘EARTH / COUNTRY / GROUND / MUD / SOIL’PKC *lay ‘EARTH / SOIL / WORLD’PCN *a-lej ‘GROUND, EARTH / FIELD’PTk *lej ‘EARTH’PKar *miᴬ ‘WILD’◦ma ‘earth’Marrison 67 Naga

Ao (Chungli)li#2453 PTB *m-l(e/ə)y ‘EARTH / COUNTRY / GROUND / MUD / SOIL’PKC *lay ‘EARTH / SOIL / WORLD’PCN *a-lej ‘GROUND, EARTH / FIELD’PTk *lej ‘EARTH’PKar *miᴬ ‘WILD’◦ma ‘world’Marrison 67 Naga

Ao (Chungli)tə³prefix-ma³ n.‘face, surface’Bruhn 14 PCN: II.211

Ao (Mongsen: Longchang)ma◦ko#7621 PCN *ku ‘INTERROGATIVE PRONOUN / LOCATIVE’ ‘outside’Marrison 67 Naga

Ao (Mongsen: Longchang)tüprefix◦ma ‘face’Marrison 67 Naga

Ao (Mongsen: Longchang)tüprefix◦ma◦komorpheme◦wa#7573 PCN *a-wa ‘LEAF’ ‘beard’Marrison 67 Naga

Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)[a]prefix-lı́#2453 PTB *m-l(e/ə)y ‘EARTH / COUNTRY / GROUND / MUD / SOIL’PKC *lay ‘EARTH / SOIL / WORLD’PCN *a-lej ‘GROUND, EARTH / FIELD’PTk *lej ‘EARTH’PKar *miᴬ ‘WILD’-má n.‘world, earth ('earth, soil' + FACE)’Coupe 07 Ao

Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)[tə]prefix-ma n.‘face’Coupe 07 Ao

Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)kı̀morpheme-mà n.‘courtyard ('house' + FACE)’Coupe 07 Ao

Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)li#2453 PTB *m-l(e/ə)y ‘EARTH / COUNTRY / GROUND / MUD / SOIL’PKC *lay ‘EARTH / SOIL / WORLD’PCN *a-lej ‘GROUND, EARTH / FIELD’PTk *lej ‘EARTH’PKar *miᴬ ‘WILD’◦ma n.‘country, land ('earth' + FACE)’Coupe 07 Ao

Lotha Nagali³#2453 PTB *m-l(e/ə)y ‘EARTH / COUNTRY / GROUND / MUD / SOIL’PKC *lay ‘EARTH / SOIL / WORLD’PCN *a-lej ‘GROUND, EARTH / FIELD’PTk *lej ‘EARTH’PKar *miᴬ ‘WILD’-hmaʔ³ n.‘world’[Source note] field-faceBruhn 14 SuppCN

Lotha Nagao¹prefix-hmaʔ³ n.‘face’Bruhn 14 PCN: III.042

Lotha Nagali#2453 PTB *m-l(e/ə)y ‘EARTH / COUNTRY / GROUND / MUD / SOIL’PKC *lay ‘EARTH / SOIL / WORLD’PCN *a-lej ‘GROUND, EARTH / FIELD’PTk *lej ‘EARTH’PKar *miᴬ ‘WILD’◦mha ‘earth’Murry 78: 36

Lotha Nagali#2453 PTB *m-l(e/ə)y ‘EARTH / COUNTRY / GROUND / MUD / SOIL’PKC *lay ‘EARTH / SOIL / WORLD’PCN *a-lej ‘GROUND, EARTH / FIELD’PTk *lej ‘EARTH’PKar *miᴬ ‘WILD’◦mha◦tsümorpheme ‘world’Marrison 67 Naga

Lotha Nagali#2453 PTB *m-l(e/ə)y ‘EARTH / COUNTRY / GROUND / MUD / SOIL’PKC *lay ‘EARTH / SOIL / WORLD’PCN *a-lej ‘GROUND, EARTH / FIELD’PTk *lej ‘EARTH’PKar *miᴬ ‘WILD’◦mha◦tzhümorpheme ‘earth’Marrison 67 Naga

Lotha Nagaoprefix◦mha ‘face’Marrison 67 Naga

Lotha Nagaoprefix◦mha ‘face’Murry 78: 43

Lotha Nagaoprefix◦Mha ‘face’Nienu 90 LotQ: 3.1

Sangtamaprefix◦li#2453 PTB *m-l(e/ə)y ‘EARTH / COUNTRY / GROUND / MUD / SOIL’PKC *lay ‘EARTH / SOIL / WORLD’PCN *a-lej ‘GROUND, EARTH / FIELD’PTk *lej ‘EARTH’PKar *miᴬ ‘WILD’◦mi ‘earth’Marrison 67 Naga

Sangtamaprefix◦romorpheme◦mi ‘face’Marrison 67 Naga

Sangtamli#2453 PTB *m-l(e/ə)y ‘EARTH / COUNTRY / GROUND / MUD / SOIL’PKC *lay ‘EARTH / SOIL / WORLD’PCN *a-lej ‘GROUND, EARTH / FIELD’PTk *lej ‘EARTH’PKar *miᴬ ‘WILD’◦mi ‘country’Marrison 67 Naga

Sangtamli#2453 PTB *m-l(e/ə)y ‘EARTH / COUNTRY / GROUND / MUD / SOIL’PKC *lay ‘EARTH / SOIL / WORLD’PCN *a-lej ‘GROUND, EARTH / FIELD’PTk *lej ‘EARTH’PKar *miᴬ ‘WILD’◦mi ‘world’Marrison 67 Naga

Yacham-Tengsama ‘outside’Marrison 67 Naga

Yimchungrümi ‘face’Kumar 73 Yim: 95

Yimchungrümü◦chhip#2051 PTB *tsyi(p/m) ‘CHEEK / CHIN’ ‘cheek’Marrison 67 Naga

1.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group12

Angami (Khonoma)me◦che#2048 NEIA *dzyay ⪤ *tsyay ‘CHEEK / JAW / CHIN’ ‘jaw’Marrison 67 Naga

Angami (Kohima)(u)prefix me³¹ nye¹¹#441 PTB *s-nyas ‘LIP’ ‘lip’Nienu 90 AngQ: 3.9

Angami (Kohima)(u)prefix me³¹ nye¹¹#467 PTB *s-muːr ‘MOUTH / LIP / HOLD IN MOUTH / CHEW / FACE / GILLS’PKC *hmuur ‘LIP / BEAK / MOUTH / TIP’PCN *mən ‘MOUTH’PTk *mor ‘MOUTH’ pe³¹morpheme so¹¹morpheme ‘upper lip’Nienu 90 AngQ: 3.9.1

Angami (Kohima)(u)prefix me³¹ tso³³#284 PTB *(t)s-wa(s/r) ‘CHEEK / BUTTOCK / CHIN’ ‘jaw’Nienu 90 AngQ: 3.13

Angami (Kohima)(u)prefix me³¹ tso³³#284 PTB *(t)s-wa(s/r) ‘CHEEK / BUTTOCK / CHIN’ pe³¹morpheme so¹¹morpheme ‘upper jaw’Nienu 90 AngQ: 3.13.2

Angami (Kohima)(u) me³¹ tso³³ pe³¹khro³³ ‘lower jaw’also contains *(t)s-wa(s/r)prefix · morpheme · morphemeNienu 90 AngQ: 3.13.1

Angami (Kohima)(u)prefix me¹¹ nye¹¹#467 PTB *s-muːr ‘MOUTH / LIP / HOLD IN MOUTH / CHEW / FACE / GILLS’PKC *hmuur ‘LIP / BEAK / MOUTH / TIP’PCN *mən ‘MOUTH’PTk *mor ‘MOUTH’ rü³¹morpheme khromorpheme ‘lower lip’Nienu 90 AngQ: 3.9.2

Angami (Kohima)uprefix◦me◦chie#2048 NEIA *dzyay ⪤ *tsyay ‘CHEEK / JAW / CHIN’ ‘jaw’Marrison 67 Naga

Chokri(u)prefix mü³¹ tso³³#284 PTB *(t)s-wa(s/r) ‘CHEEK / BUTTOCK / CHIN’ ‘jaw’Nienu 90 ChoQ: 3.13

Chokrimü³¹ tso³³#284 PTB *(t)s-wa(s/r) ‘CHEEK / BUTTOCK / CHIN’ rü³¹#232 PTB *s/m/g-rus ‘BONE’MesorootsPKC *ruʔ ‘BONE’PCN *a-rut ‘BONE’PTk *ru ‘BONE’PKar *khrwitᴰ ‘BONE’Allofams1 #232 PTB *s/m/g-rus ‘BONE’1a #234 PTB *s-rus ‘BONE’1b #233 PTB *g-rus ‘BONE’ khro³³morpheme ‘lower jaw / mandible’Nienu 90 ChoQ: 3.13.1

Chokrimu³¹ tso³³#284 PTB *(t)s-wa(s/r) ‘CHEEK / BUTTOCK / CHIN’ rü³¹#232 PTB *s/m/g-rus ‘BONE’MesorootsPKC *ruʔ ‘BONE’PCN *a-rut ‘BONE’PTk *ru ‘BONE’PKar *khrwitᴰ ‘BONE’Allofams1 #232 PTB *s/m/g-rus ‘BONE’1a #234 PTB *s-rus ‘BONE’1b #233 PTB *g-rus ‘BONE’ so¹¹morpheme ‘upper jaw / maxilla’Nienu 90 ChoQ: 3.13.2

Khezhaʼèmorpheme◦mhò̵ ‘face’Yabu 94 Khö: 3.1

1.3.3Zeme Group2

Puironmai◦kum#630 PTB *gam ‘JAW / CHIN / MOLAR’ ‘face’Marrison 67 Naga

Rongmei / Nruanghmeimái-zæ̂u#1190 PTB *zyal ‘FACE / MOUTH’ ‘face’Weidert 87 TBTo: 408

1.3.4Tangkhulic14

*Tangkhulicmaj ‘face’Mortensen 12 Tk: 667

Huishuʔamorpheme-mej ‘face; cheek’Mortensen 12 Tk: BodyParts.085

Kachaiʔamorpheme-mwe ‘face’Mortensen 12 Tk: BodyParts.032

Tangkhulmai ‘face’Marrison 67 Naga

Tangkhulmai ‘face’Matisoff 87 BP

Tangkhulmai ‘face, visage’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 109

Tangkhulmai◦hamorpheme ‘beard’Marrison 67 Naga

Tangkhulmai◦hāmorpheme ‘beard’Matisoff 87 BP

Tangkhulmai◦sor#284 PTB *(t)s-wa(s/r) ‘CHEEK / BUTTOCK / CHIN’ ‘cheek’Marrison 67 Naga

Tangkhulmai◦sor#284 PTB *(t)s-wa(s/r) ‘CHEEK / BUTTOCK / CHIN’ ‘cheek’Matisoff 87 BP

Tangkhulmay ‘face’Bhat 69 TNV: 88

Tusomʔimorpheme-mie ‘face’Mortensen 12 Tk: BodyParts.036

Ukhrulmaj ‘face’Mortensen 12 Tk

Ukhrulmaj-sor#284 PTB *(t)s-wa(s/r) ‘CHEEK / BUTTOCK / CHIN’ ‘cheek’Mortensen 12 Tk

2.1.2Bodic1

Baimado¹³ ɕe⁵³ ‘cord / fathom (outstretched ar’Sun H 91 Baim: 13.4

2.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1

Chepangmo.hormorpheme n.‘face (B)’Caughley 00 Chepang

3.1Tangut1

Tangut [Xixia]mɪ² ‘cheekbone’Sofronov 97

3.2Qiangic26

Ersumi³³ xi⁵⁵#273 PTB *m/s-k(w)a-y ‘MOUTH / OPENING / SPREAD / DOOR / FACE / JAW’PKC *kaa ‘ENTRANCE / MOUTH’PKC *kaa ⪤ *khaa ‘CHIN / JAW (lower)’PCN *ka ‘GAPE, OPEN MOUTH’PTk *ka ‘OPEN (MOUTH)’PTk *kʰa ‘CHIN / JAW’PKar *kaᴮ ‘CHIN, JAW’ ‘chin’Sun H 91 ErsQ

Ersumi³³xi⁵⁵#273 PTB *m/s-k(w)a-y ‘MOUTH / OPENING / SPREAD / DOOR / FACE / JAW’PKC *kaa ‘ENTRANCE / MOUTH’PKC *kaa ⪤ *khaa ‘CHIN / JAW (lower)’PCN *ka ‘GAPE, OPEN MOUTH’PTk *ka ‘OPEN (MOUTH)’PTk *kʰa ‘CHIN / JAW’PKar *kaᴮ ‘CHIN, JAW’ ‘chin’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 247.18

Guiqiongnã³¹kɯ⁵⁵#273 PTB *m/s-k(w)a-y ‘MOUTH / OPENING / SPREAD / DOOR / FACE / JAW’PKC *kaa ‘ENTRANCE / MOUTH’PKC *kaa ⪤ *khaa ‘CHIN / JAW (lower)’PCN *ka ‘GAPE, OPEN MOUTH’PTk *ka ‘OPEN (MOUTH)’PTk *kʰa ‘CHIN / JAW’PKar *kaᴮ ‘CHIN, JAW’ n‘chin’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0088.16

Guiqiongnɛ³³ nkø⁵³#273 PTB *m/s-k(w)a-y ‘MOUTH / OPENING / SPREAD / DOOR / FACE / JAW’PKC *kaa ‘ENTRANCE / MOUTH’PKC *kaa ⪤ *khaa ‘CHIN / JAW (lower)’PCN *ka ‘GAPE, OPEN MOUTH’PTk *ka ‘OPEN (MOUTH)’PTk *kʰa ‘CHIN / JAW’PKar *kaᴮ ‘CHIN, JAW’ ‘chin’Sun H 91 GuiQ

Guiqiongnɛ³³nkø⁵³#273 PTB *m/s-k(w)a-y ‘MOUTH / OPENING / SPREAD / DOOR / FACE / JAW’PKC *kaa ‘ENTRANCE / MOUTH’PKC *kaa ⪤ *khaa ‘CHIN / JAW (lower)’PCN *ka ‘GAPE, OPEN MOUTH’PTk *ka ‘OPEN (MOUTH)’PTk *kʰa ‘CHIN / JAW’PKar *kaᴮ ‘CHIN, JAW’ ‘chin’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 247.17

Lyuzume⁵³hĩ⁵³#273 PTB *m/s-k(w)a-y ‘MOUTH / OPENING / SPREAD / DOOR / FACE / JAW’PKC *kaa ‘ENTRANCE / MOUTH’PKC *kaa ⪤ *khaa ‘CHIN / JAW (lower)’PCN *ka ‘GAPE, OPEN MOUTH’PTk *ka ‘OPEN (MOUTH)’PTk *kʰa ‘CHIN / JAW’PKar *kaᴮ ‘CHIN, JAW’ n‘chin’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0088.18

Muyamɐ̃³³khi⁵³#273 PTB *m/s-k(w)a-y ‘MOUTH / OPENING / SPREAD / DOOR / FACE / JAW’PKC *kaa ‘ENTRANCE / MOUTH’PKC *kaa ⪤ *khaa ‘CHIN / JAW (lower)’PCN *ka ‘GAPE, OPEN MOUTH’PTk *ka ‘OPEN (MOUTH)’PTk *kʰa ‘CHIN / JAW’PKar *kaᴮ ‘CHIN, JAW’ n‘chin’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0088.15

Muya [Minyak]mɐ⁵⁵ ŋkhɪ̃⁵⁵#273 PTB *m/s-k(w)a-y ‘MOUTH / OPENING / SPREAD / DOOR / FACE / JAW’PKC *kaa ‘ENTRANCE / MOUTH’PKC *kaa ⪤ *khaa ‘CHIN / JAW (lower)’PCN *ka ‘GAPE, OPEN MOUTH’PTk *ka ‘OPEN (MOUTH)’PTk *kʰa ‘CHIN / JAW’PKar *kaᴮ ‘CHIN, JAW’ ‘chin’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 247.15

Muya [Minyak]mɐ⁵⁵ ŋkʰĩ⁵⁵#273 PTB *m/s-k(w)a-y ‘MOUTH / OPENING / SPREAD / DOOR / FACE / JAW’PKC *kaa ‘ENTRANCE / MOUTH’PKC *kaa ⪤ *khaa ‘CHIN / JAW (lower)’PCN *ka ‘GAPE, OPEN MOUTH’PTk *ka ‘OPEN (MOUTH)’PTk *kʰa ‘CHIN / JAW’PKar *kaᴮ ‘CHIN, JAW’ ‘chin’Sun H 91 MuyQ: 3.12

Namuyimiɛ⁵⁵ kəʴ³³#273 PTB *m/s-k(w)a-y ‘MOUTH / OPENING / SPREAD / DOOR / FACE / JAW’PKC *kaa ‘ENTRANCE / MOUTH’PKC *kaa ⪤ *khaa ‘CHIN / JAW (lower)’PCN *ka ‘GAPE, OPEN MOUTH’PTk *ka ‘OPEN (MOUTH)’PTk *kʰa ‘CHIN / JAW’PKar *kaᴮ ‘CHIN, JAW’ ‘chin’Sun H 91 NamQ: 3.12

Namuyimiæ⁵³ kəəʴ³¹#273 PTB *m/s-k(w)a-y ‘MOUTH / OPENING / SPREAD / DOOR / FACE / JAW’PKC *kaa ‘ENTRANCE / MOUTH’PKC *kaa ⪤ *khaa ‘CHIN / JAW (lower)’PCN *ka ‘GAPE, OPEN MOUTH’PTk *ka ‘OPEN (MOUTH)’PTk *kʰa ‘CHIN / JAW’PKar *kaᴮ ‘CHIN, JAW’ n‘chin’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0088.46

Pumi (Jiulong)m̥a⁵⁵ ka⁵⁵#273 PTB *m/s-k(w)a-y ‘MOUTH / OPENING / SPREAD / DOOR / FACE / JAW’PKC *kaa ‘ENTRANCE / MOUTH’PKC *kaa ⪤ *khaa ‘CHIN / JAW (lower)’PCN *ka ‘GAPE, OPEN MOUTH’PTk *ka ‘OPEN (MOUTH)’PTk *kʰa ‘CHIN / JAW’PKar *kaᴮ ‘CHIN, JAW’ n‘chin’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0088.10

Pumi (Lanping)ma¹³ kɑ⁵⁵#273 PTB *m/s-k(w)a-y ‘MOUTH / OPENING / SPREAD / DOOR / FACE / JAW’PKC *kaa ‘ENTRANCE / MOUTH’PKC *kaa ⪤ *khaa ‘CHIN / JAW (lower)’PCN *ka ‘GAPE, OPEN MOUTH’PTk *ka ‘OPEN (MOUTH)’PTk *kʰa ‘CHIN / JAW’PKar *kaᴮ ‘CHIN, JAW’ n‘chin’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0088.09

Pumi (Dayang)mə̀-qɒ́#273 PTB *m/s-k(w)a-y ‘MOUTH / OPENING / SPREAD / DOOR / FACE / JAW’PKC *kaa ‘ENTRANCE / MOUTH’PKC *kaa ⪤ *khaa ‘CHIN / JAW (lower)’PCN *ka ‘GAPE, OPEN MOUTH’PTk *ka ‘OPEN (MOUTH)’PTk *kʰa ‘CHIN / JAW’PKar *kaᴮ ‘CHIN, JAW’ ‘chin’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 170

Pumi (Qinghua)mø¹³ kɑ⁵⁵#273 PTB *m/s-k(w)a-y ‘MOUTH / OPENING / SPREAD / DOOR / FACE / JAW’PKC *kaa ‘ENTRANCE / MOUTH’PKC *kaa ⪤ *khaa ‘CHIN / JAW (lower)’PCN *ka ‘GAPE, OPEN MOUTH’PTk *ka ‘OPEN (MOUTH)’PTk *kʰa ‘CHIN / JAW’PKar *kaᴮ ‘CHIN, JAW’ ‘chin’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 247.11

Pumi (Taoba)ma³⁵ kɛ³⁵#273 PTB *m/s-k(w)a-y ‘MOUTH / OPENING / SPREAD / DOOR / FACE / JAW’PKC *kaa ‘ENTRANCE / MOUTH’PKC *kaa ⪤ *khaa ‘CHIN / JAW (lower)’PCN *ka ‘GAPE, OPEN MOUTH’PTk *ka ‘OPEN (MOUTH)’PTk *kʰa ‘CHIN / JAW’PKar *kaᴮ ‘CHIN, JAW’ ‘chin’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 247.10

Qiang (Mawo)ma ɣuə#273 PTB *m/s-k(w)a-y ‘MOUTH / OPENING / SPREAD / DOOR / FACE / JAW’PKC *kaa ‘ENTRANCE / MOUTH’PKC *kaa ⪤ *khaa ‘CHIN / JAW (lower)’PCN *ka ‘GAPE, OPEN MOUTH’PTk *ka ‘OPEN (MOUTH)’PTk *kʰa ‘CHIN / JAW’PKar *kaᴮ ‘CHIN, JAW’ ‘chin’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 247.8

Qiang (Mawo)mæ ɣu̥o̥#273 PTB *m/s-k(w)a-y ‘MOUTH / OPENING / SPREAD / DOOR / FACE / JAW’PKC *kaa ‘ENTRANCE / MOUTH’PKC *kaa ⪤ *khaa ‘CHIN / JAW (lower)’PCN *ka ‘GAPE, OPEN MOUTH’PTk *ka ‘OPEN (MOUTH)’PTk *kʰa ‘CHIN / JAW’PKar *kaᴮ ‘CHIN, JAW’ ‘chin’Sun H 91 MawQ: 3.12

Qiang (Taoping)mə³¹ sɿ³³morphemekha³³#273 PTB *m/s-k(w)a-y ‘MOUTH / OPENING / SPREAD / DOOR / FACE / JAW’PKC *kaa ‘ENTRANCE / MOUTH’PKC *kaa ⪤ *khaa ‘CHIN / JAW (lower)’PCN *ka ‘GAPE, OPEN MOUTH’PTk *ka ‘OPEN (MOUTH)’PTk *kʰa ‘CHIN / JAW’PKar *kaᴮ ‘CHIN, JAW’ ‘chin’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 247.9

Queyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba]mɛ³⁵ kʰi⁵³#273 PTB *m/s-k(w)a-y ‘MOUTH / OPENING / SPREAD / DOOR / FACE / JAW’PKC *kaa ‘ENTRANCE / MOUTH’PKC *kaa ⪤ *khaa ‘CHIN / JAW (lower)’PCN *ka ‘GAPE, OPEN MOUTH’PTk *ka ‘OPEN (MOUTH)’PTk *kʰa ‘CHIN / JAW’PKar *kaᴮ ‘CHIN, JAW’ ‘chin’Sun H 91 ZhaQ: 3.12

Queyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba]mɛ³⁵khi⁵³#273 PTB *m/s-k(w)a-y ‘MOUTH / OPENING / SPREAD / DOOR / FACE / JAW’PKC *kaa ‘ENTRANCE / MOUTH’PKC *kaa ⪤ *khaa ‘CHIN / JAW (lower)’PCN *ka ‘GAPE, OPEN MOUTH’PTk *ka ‘OPEN (MOUTH)’PTk *kʰa ‘CHIN / JAW’PKar *kaᴮ ‘CHIN, JAW’ ‘chin’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 247.16

Queyu (Xinlong)mɛ¹³ŋge⁵⁵#273 PTB *m/s-k(w)a-y ‘MOUTH / OPENING / SPREAD / DOOR / FACE / JAW’PKC *kaa ‘ENTRANCE / MOUTH’PKC *kaa ⪤ *khaa ‘CHIN / JAW (lower)’PCN *ka ‘GAPE, OPEN MOUTH’PTk *ka ‘OPEN (MOUTH)’PTk *kʰa ‘CHIN / JAW’PKar *kaᴮ ‘CHIN, JAW’ n‘chin’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0088.13

Xumima³³kɛ⁵³#273 PTB *m/s-k(w)a-y ‘MOUTH / OPENING / SPREAD / DOOR / FACE / JAW’PKC *kaa ‘ENTRANCE / MOUTH’PKC *kaa ⪤ *khaa ‘CHIN / JAW (lower)’PCN *ka ‘GAPE, OPEN MOUTH’PTk *ka ‘OPEN (MOUTH)’PTk *kʰa ‘CHIN / JAW’PKar *kaᴮ ‘CHIN, JAW’ n‘chin’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0088.17

Xumimɐ³³ kɛ⁵⁵#273 PTB *m/s-k(w)a-y ‘MOUTH / OPENING / SPREAD / DOOR / FACE / JAW’PKC *kaa ‘ENTRANCE / MOUTH’PKC *kaa ⪤ *khaa ‘CHIN / JAW (lower)’PCN *ka ‘GAPE, OPEN MOUTH’PTk *ka ‘OPEN (MOUTH)’PTk *kʰa ‘CHIN / JAW’PKar *kaᴮ ‘CHIN, JAW’ ‘chin’Sun H 91 ShiQ

Xumimɐ³³kɛ⁵⁵#273 PTB *m/s-k(w)a-y ‘MOUTH / OPENING / SPREAD / DOOR / FACE / JAW’PKC *kaa ‘ENTRANCE / MOUTH’PKC *kaa ⪤ *khaa ‘CHIN / JAW (lower)’PCN *ka ‘GAPE, OPEN MOUTH’PTk *ka ‘OPEN (MOUTH)’PTk *kʰa ‘CHIN / JAW’PKar *kaᴮ ‘CHIN, JAW’ ‘chin’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 247.20

3.3rGyalrongic2

Ergong (Daofu)ma jəmorpheme ‘chin’Dai 89 Daof: 3.12

Ergong (Northern)mə⁵³ ni³³#2052 PTB *ney ‘CHEEK / CHIN’ ‘chin’Sun H 91 ErNQ: 3.12

3.3.1rGyalrong8

rGyalrongtəprefix m◦ɟja#273 PTB *m/s-k(w)a-y ‘MOUTH / OPENING / SPREAD / DOOR / FACE / JAW’PKC *kaa ‘ENTRANCE / MOUTH’PKC *kaa ⪤ *khaa ‘CHIN / JAW (lower)’PCN *ka ‘GAPE, OPEN MOUTH’PTk *ka ‘OPEN (MOUTH)’PTk *kʰa ‘CHIN / JAW’PKar *kaᴮ ‘CHIN, JAW’ ‘chin’Dai 89 Jiar: 3.12

rGyalrong (Maerkang)təprefix m◦ɟjɑ#273 PTB *m/s-k(w)a-y ‘MOUTH / OPENING / SPREAD / DOOR / FACE / JAW’PKC *kaa ‘ENTRANCE / MOUTH’PKC *kaa ⪤ *khaa ‘CHIN / JAW (lower)’PCN *ka ‘GAPE, OPEN MOUTH’PTk *ka ‘OPEN (MOUTH)’PTk *kʰa ‘CHIN / JAW’PKar *kaᴮ ‘CHIN, JAW’ n‘chin’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0088.11

Caodengtəprefix-m◦gje#273 PTB *m/s-k(w)a-y ‘MOUTH / OPENING / SPREAD / DOOR / FACE / JAW’PKC *kaa ‘ENTRANCE / MOUTH’PKC *kaa ⪤ *khaa ‘CHIN / JAW (lower)’PCN *ka ‘GAPE, OPEN MOUTH’PTk *ka ‘OPEN (MOUTH)’PTk *kʰa ‘CHIN / JAW’PKar *kaᴮ ‘CHIN, JAW’ ‘chin’Sun J 97 Cao

rGyalrong (Eastern)təprefix◦m◦dʒa#273 PTB *m/s-k(w)a-y ‘MOUTH / OPENING / SPREAD / DOOR / FACE / JAW’PKC *kaa ‘ENTRANCE / MOUTH’PKC *kaa ⪤ *khaa ‘CHIN / JAW (lower)’PCN *ka ‘GAPE, OPEN MOUTH’PTk *ka ‘OPEN (MOUTH)’PTk *kʰa ‘CHIN / JAW’PKar *kaᴮ ‘CHIN, JAW’ ‘chin’Sun H 91 rEQ: 3.12

rGyalrong (Northern)təprefix◦m◦ɟja#273 PTB *m/s-k(w)a-y ‘MOUTH / OPENING / SPREAD / DOOR / FACE / JAW’PKC *kaa ‘ENTRANCE / MOUTH’PKC *kaa ⪤ *khaa ‘CHIN / JAW (lower)’PCN *ka ‘GAPE, OPEN MOUTH’PTk *ka ‘OPEN (MOUTH)’PTk *kʰa ‘CHIN / JAW’PKar *kaᴮ ‘CHIN, JAW’ ‘chin’Sun H 91 rNQ: 3.12

rGyalrongtAprefix m◦gya#273 PTB *m/s-k(w)a-y ‘MOUTH / OPENING / SPREAD / DOOR / FACE / JAW’PKC *kaa ‘ENTRANCE / MOUTH’PKC *kaa ⪤ *khaa ‘CHIN / JAW (lower)’PCN *ka ‘GAPE, OPEN MOUTH’PTk *ka ‘OPEN (MOUTH)’PTk *kʰa ‘CHIN / JAW’PKar *kaᴮ ‘CHIN, JAW’ ‘chin’Nagano 97 GyQ: 3.12

rGBenzhentəprefix-m◦dʒa#273 PTB *m/s-k(w)a-y ‘MOUTH / OPENING / SPREAD / DOOR / FACE / JAW’PKC *kaa ‘ENTRANCE / MOUTH’PKC *kaa ⪤ *khaa ‘CHIN / JAW (lower)’PCN *ka ‘GAPE, OPEN MOUTH’PTk *ka ‘OPEN (MOUTH)’PTk *kʰa ‘CHIN / JAW’PKar *kaᴮ ‘CHIN, JAW’ ‘chin’Sun J 97 rGB

6.1.1Burmish4

Burmese (Written)hma ‘( affix, locative )’Benedict 76 WBur

Burmese (Written)mê ‘lower jaw’Benedict 76 WBur

Burmese (Written)mê-ce'morpheme ‘chin’Matisoff 87 BP

Burmese (Written)mê-rûi#232 PTB *s/m/g-rus ‘BONE’MesorootsPKC *ruʔ ‘BONE’PCN *a-rut ‘BONE’PTk *ru ‘BONE’PKar *khrwitᴰ ‘BONE’Allofams1 #232 PTB *s/m/g-rus ‘BONE’1a #234 PTB *s-rus ‘BONE’1b #233 PTB *g-rus ‘BONE’ ‘jaw’Matisoff 87 BP

6.1.2Loloish1

Lolophome³¹ pi⁴⁴#271 PTB *s-bi ⪤ *s-bay ‘CHIN / CHEEK’PKC *ka- ⪤ *kha-ɓee ‘CHIN’ ‘chin’Dai 89 Lolo: 3.12

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish5

Nasuȵe²¹ pi³³#271 PTB *s-bi ⪤ *s-bay ‘CHIN / CHEEK’PKC *ka- ⪤ *kha-ɓee ‘CHIN’ ‘chin’Chen 86 Yi: 3.12

Nesuȵɪ̱²¹ bɪ̱²¹morpheme ‘beard’Chen 86 Yi: 8.1.2.1

Nesuȵɪ̱²¹ tʂʅ⁵⁵#2055 PTB *tri ‘JAW / CHIN’ ‘chin’Chen 86 Yi: 3.12

Nusu (Central)m̥i⁵⁵ tʰɑ̃³⁵#286 PTB *l/m-da(n/ŋ) ‘CHIN / CHEEK’ ‘chin’Sun J 86 Nusu

Yi (Xide)a⁵⁵prefix-mo²¹ ‘face’Chen 79 YiCh

6.1.2.2Central Loloish7

Jinuo (Baya/Banai)mø⁴⁴ tɤ³¹morpheme ‘lower jaw, chin’Dai 89 JinA: 114

Jinuo (Baka)m̥ø⁴⁴ tʌ³³morpheme ‘lower jaw, chin’Dai 89 JinB: 114

Jinuo (Youle)m̥ø⁵⁵ tə³³morpheme ‘jaw’Gai 86

Lisumū⁵ prgh'#271 PTB *s-bi ⪤ *s-bay ‘CHIN / CHEEK’PKC *ka- ⪤ *kha-ɓee ‘CHIN’ du³#280 PTB *s-tu(n/m) ‘CHIN / CHEEK’ ‘chin’Matisoff 87 BP

Lisumu⁵prgh¹#271 PTB *s-bi ⪤ *s-bay ‘CHIN / CHEEK’PKC *ka- ⪤ *kha-ɓee ‘CHIN’du³#280 PTB *s-tu(n/m) ‘CHIN / CHEEK’ ‘chin’Bradley 79 PLo: 100A

Lisu (Nujiang)mɯ³¹ pɯ̱⁴⁴#271 PTB *s-bi ⪤ *s-bay ‘CHIN / CHEEK’PKC *ka- ⪤ *kha-ɓee ‘CHIN’ ‘chin’Xu 86 Lisu

Sani [Nyi]n̩⁵⁵pi⁴⁴#271 PTB *s-bi ⪤ *s-bay ‘CHIN / CHEEK’PKC *ka- ⪤ *kha-ɓee ‘CHIN’ ‘chin’Chen 86 Yi: 3.12

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish1

Akhameh˯ tah˯#286 PTB *l/m-da(n/ŋ) ‘CHIN / CHEEK’ (tah˯)#286 PTB *l/m-da(n/ŋ) ‘CHIN / CHEEK’ ‘chin’Matisoff 87 BP

7Karenic36

Karenic languages seem to have developed the meaning ‘tooth’ from this root, although the forms for ‘tooth’ and ‘face’ are slightly different in each language.

*Karen (TP)màid ‘face’Jones 61: 190

*KarenmàiD ‘face’Jones 61: 190

*Karen (Pwo-Sgaw)màiʔ ‘face’Jones 61: 190

*Karen (Pwo)mèʔ ‘face’Jones 61: 190

*Karen (Sgaw)mɛ́ ‘tooth’Jones 61: 521

*Karen (Pwo)mɛ́q ‘tooth’Jones 61: 521

*Karen (Sgaw)mɛ̀ʔ ‘face’Jones 61: 190

Bwe (Western)θo¹#632 PTB *s/p-wa ‘TOOTH’PTani *fiː ‘TOOTH’PKC *haa ‘TOOTH’PCN *p-hwa ‘TOOTH’PTk *ha ‘TOOTH’PNN *swaᴮ ‘TOOTH’PLB *swa² ‘TOOTH’PL *swa² ‘TOOTH’◦mɛ³ ‘tooth / tusk’Luce 85: I.204

Bweθó#632 PTB *s/p-wa ‘TOOTH’PTani *fiː ‘TOOTH’PKC *haa ‘TOOTH’PCN *p-hwa ‘TOOTH’PTk *ha ‘TOOTH’PNN *swaᴮ ‘TOOTH’PLB *swa² ‘TOOTH’PL *swa² ‘TOOTH’◦mɛ̀ n‘tooth’Henderson 97 Kar

Gebaθɛ¹#632 PTB *s/p-wa ‘TOOTH’PTani *fiː ‘TOOTH’PKC *haa ‘TOOTH’PCN *p-hwa ‘TOOTH’PTk *ha ‘TOOTH’PNN *swaᴮ ‘TOOTH’PLB *swa² ‘TOOTH’PL *swa² ‘TOOTH’mɛ² ‘tooth / tusk’Luce 85: I.204

Pa-Omɛ́ʔ ‘face’Matisoff 87 BP

Pa-Omɛ́ʔ ‘face’Jones 61: 190

Pa-Othɔ́ʔ#1006 PTB *pʷak ‘PIG’PKC *wok ‘PIG’PTk *hwok ‘PIG’PNN *wak ‘PIG’TGTM *ᴮɖwa ‘PIG’PLB *wakᴸ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔʔ / tháuʔ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰmiᴬ ‘BOAR (WILD~)’PBai *te ‘PIG’ təmorpheme◦mɛ́t ‘tusk of pig’Solnit 89 PaO

Pakumɛ¹ ‘tooth / tusk’Luce 85: I.204

Palaychiḿ ‘face’Matisoff 87 BP

Palaychiḿ ‘face’Jones 61: 190

Pwo (Tenasserim)mɛ¹ ‘tooth / tusk’Luce 85: I.204

Pwo (Delta)ə̆prefix◦mɑi⁴ ‘tooth / tusk’Luce 85: I.204

Pwo (Bassein)mài ‘tooth’Matisoff 87 BP

Pwo (Bassein)mài ‘tooth’Jones 61: 521

Pwo (Bassein)mèʔ ‘face’Matisoff 87 BP

Pwo (Bassein)mèʔ ‘face’Jones 61: 190

Pwo (Moulmein)meʔ ‘face’Matisoff 87 BP

Pwo (Moulmein)meʔ ‘face’Jones 61: 190

Pwo (Moulmein)mɛ́ʔ ‘tooth’Matisoff 87 BP

Pwo (Moulmein)mɛ́ʔ ‘tooth’Jones 61: 521

Sgawmɛ¹ ‘tooth / tusk’Luce 85: I.204

Sgaw (Bassein)mɛ́ ‘tooth’Matisoff 87 BP

Sgaw (Bassein)mɛ́ ‘tooth’Jones 61: 521

Sgaw (Bassein)mɛ̀ʔ ‘face’Matisoff 87 BP

Sgaw (Bassein)mɛ̀ʔ ‘face’Jones 61: 190

Karen (Sgaw/Hinthada)mɛ̱⁵⁵ ‘tooth’Dai 89 KarB: 170

Sgaw (Moulmein)mɛ́ ‘tooth’Matisoff 87 BP

Sgaw (Moulmein)mɛ́ ‘tooth’Jones 61: 521

Sgaw (Moulmein)mɛ̀ʔ ‘face’Jones 61: 190

Karen (Sgaw/Yue)mɛ⁵⁵ ‘tooth’Dai 89 KarA: 170

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #1187, *s-ma-y ‘FACE / CHEEK / FRONT / AHEAD / FIRST’.

Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/1187

Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].

References: cf. HPTB pp.210, 537

BibTeX

@misc{stedt-1187,
  title  = {{*s-ma-y 'FACE / CHEEK / FRONT / AHEAD / FIRST'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #1187},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/1187}
}