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STEDT #48

*tsil

FAT (n.) / GREASE / OIL

Proto-Tibeto-Burman · exemplary

Reconstruction analysis

handletsilinitialtsrhymeilcoverTS · L

Connections

HPTB*tsil ‘fat / grease / oil’pp. 410, 422

See alsoMARROW

Chinese comparandum

脂 OC *t̑i̯ər, GSR #552g ‘fat, grease’; B & S 2011: *kij; Mand. zhǐ.

Initials do not match

Reflexes & cognates135 reflexes · 25 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)3

*Tibeto-Burmantsil ‘fat’Chou 72: 552g

*Tibeto-Burmantsil ‘fat / grease / oil’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 617

*Tibeto-Burmantsil ‘oil / fat’Matisoff 83 TIL: 12

1.1.2Deng3

Iduci ‘oil’Pulu 78

Idupu#50 PTB *bu(r) ‘FAT / FATTY (MEAT)’◦kamorpheme◦ci ‘fat’Pulu 78

Idutumorpheme◦ci ‘mustard oil’Anonymous 62 Idu

1.7.2Northern Naga/Konyakian1

*Northern NagaC̬morpheme-tsi ‘oil’French 83: 528

1.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte1

Noctetan#1446 PTB *t(y)an ‘FAT’ tʰi ‘oil’French 83: 528

1.7.2.2Konyak-Chang2

Changdut#1437 PTB *tsut ‘FAT / OIL’ ci ‘oil’French 83: 528

Changdut#1437 PTB *tsut ‘FAT / OIL’◦chi ‘oil’Marrison 67 Naga

2.1.1Western Himalayish2

Kanauritsil(h) ‘marrow’suffixMatisoff 87 BP

Pattani [Manchati]tsìl ‘marrow’Sharma, S.R. 91 Ma: 8.4.3

2.1.2Bodic10

Kaikechhi ‘fat’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 63

Kaikechhi ‘fat / oil / grease’Matisoff 87 BP

Tsangla (Central)si ‘oil’Andvik 93: 81

Tsangla (Motuo)si ‘fat, oil’Sun H 80 MLD

Tsangla (Motuo)si ‘oil’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 397.7

Tsangla (Motuo)si⁵⁵ ‘oil’Zhang Jichuan 86

Tsangla (Tilang)bini-tɕin ‘fat (person)’Zhang Jichuan 86

Tsangla (Tilang)bini-tɕin ‘fat (meat)’Zhang Jichuan 86

Tsangla (Tilang)si ‘oil’Zhang Jichuan 86

Motuo Menbasi n‘oil (vegetable)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0446.07

2.1.2.1Tibetan16

Tibetan (Amdo:Zeku)tshi ‘fat (meat)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 850.5

Tibetan (Amdo:Zeku)tʂʰi ‘fat meat’Sun J 85 Amdo: 248

Tibetan (Batang)dʑi⁵⁵morpheme tʂhei⁵⁵ ‘fat intestines / omentum’Dai 89 Bata: 8.3.1

Tibetan (Batang)tʂhei⁵⁵ ‘fat’Dai 89 Bata: 8.3

Tibetan (Jirel)chi◦lupqmorpheme ‘fat / oil / grease’Matisoff 87 BP

Tibetan (Khams:Dege)tshi⁵⁵ ‘fat (meat)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 850.3

Sherpa'chi◦lukmorpheme ‘fat / oil / grease’Matisoff 87 BP

Tibetan (Sherpa:Helambu)tsil◦ūmorpheme ‘fat around intestines / omentum’Bishop 89: 8.3.1

Spititsil ‘fat around intestines / omentum’Bodh 91: 8.3.1

Tibetan (Written)grod#2112 PTB *(g/b)rwat ‘BELLY / STOMACH / INTESTINES’PKar *breɁᴰ ‘INTESTINES’-t'sil ‘suet (belly fat); fat oil grease’Matisoff 87 BP: 168

Tibetan (Written)t'sil ‘fat’Matisoff 87 BP

Tibetan (Written)t'sil-bumorpheme ‘fat’Matisoff 87 BP

Tibetan (Written)tshil ‘fat (of body)’Weidert 87 TBTo: 728

Tibetan (Written)tshil ‘oil / fat’Matisoff 83 TIL: 12

Tibetan (Written)tshil ‘fat meat’Sun J 85 TbGl: 248

Tibetan (Written)tshil lumorpheme n‘oil (animal)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0445.01

2.1.4Tamangish14

*TGTMᴮtsʰi ‘fat / grease’Mazaudon 94 These: 289

Gurung (Ghachok)chiq ‘fat / oil / grease’Matisoff 87 BP

Gurung (Ghachok)cʰiq ‘grease’Glover 72 GuVo: 1.32

Gurung²tsʰi ‘grease’Mazaudon 94 These: 289

Manang (Gyaru)ciː¹ ‘grease’Nagano 84 Man: 078

Manang (Prakaa)²cʰi ‘fat / grease’Mazaudon 94 These: 289

Manang (Prakaa)¹cʰi ‘fat / grease’Hoshi 84: 0043

Tamang (Bagmati)chi ‘fat (of body)’Weidert 87 TBTo: 728

Tamang (Risiangku)²tsʰi n‘fat’Mazaudon 91 TamQ: 8.3

Tamang (Risiangku)²tsʰi ‘fat / grease’Mazaudon 94 These: 289

Thakali (Marpha)⁴³tɕʰi ‘fat / grease’Mazaudon 94 These: 289

Thakali (Tukche)chi ‘fat / oil / grease’Matisoff 87 BP

Thakali (Tukche)cʰi ‘grease’Hari 71a ThVo: 1.32

Thakali (Tukche)ᴴtsʰi ‘grease’Mazaudon 94 These: 289

2.2Newar1

Newarci◦kɔ̃#1440 PTB *ku ‘FAT / OIL’ ‘oil / grease (for cooking)’Shakya 89: 8.3.2

2.3.1Eastern Kiranti2

Yakhacamorpheme◦ci◦bɔːkmorpheme ‘fat’Kohn 90: 8.3

Yakhaɔprefix◦phɔk#164 PTB *d-puːk ‘BELLY / VITALS / HOLLOW OBJECT / CAVE’MesorootsPTani *puk ‘HEART’PTani *pɯk ‘CAVE’PCN *puk ‘STOMACH, BELLY’PTk *buk ‘BELLY / STOMACH’Allofams1 #6723 PTB *d-(p/b)u-k ‘BELLY / STOMACH / CAVE’1a #2104 PTB *pʷik ‘BELLY / STOMACH’1b #2106 PTB *wuk ‘BELLY / STOMACH’1c #164 PTB *d-puːk ‘BELLY / VITALS / HOLLOW OBJECT / CAVE’1d #2103 PTB *pʷu ‘BELLY / STOMACH / INTESTINE / KIDNEY’1e #2102 PTB *wu ‘BELLY / STOMACH / INTESTINE / KIDNEY’1g #2111 PTB *pwa(ŋ/n) ‘BELLY / CENTER’ camorpheme◦ci◦bɔːkmorpheme ‘fat around intestines / omentum’Kohn 90: 8.3.1

2.3.2Southern Kiranti2

Chamlingchi ‘fat’Winter 85: 9

Chamlingchuy ‘fat’Winter 85: 9

2.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1

Magarsi◦di#1439 PTB *di ‘FAT’ ‘fat (of body)’Weidert 87 TBTo: 728

3.1Tangut1

Tangut [Xixia]tsǐõ wɨu̵morpheme ‘fat’Dai 89 Xixi: 8.3

3.2Qiangic5

Namuyiji⁵⁵morphemetsɿ³³ ‘fat’Sun H 91 NamQ: 8.3

Namuyiji⁵⁵morphemetsɿ³³ ‘oil’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 397.19

Namuyiji⁵³morphemetsɿ³¹ n‘oil (animal)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0445.46

Namuyiji⁵³morphemetsɿ³¹ɦæʴ³⁵morpheme n‘oil (vegetable)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0446.46

Pumi (Jiulong)tshɿ³⁵ ‘fat (pig)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1025.10

3.3.1rGyalrong4

rGyalrong (NW)rɟjə#2116 PTB *r-gyu-ŋ ‘GUTS’◦memorpheme r̥prefix◦tsi ‘fat around intestines / omentum’Sun H 91 rNW: 8.3.1

rGyalrong (Northern)tsʰan juloanword ‘oil / grease (for cooking)’Sun H 91 rNQ: 8.3.2

rGyalrong (Eastern)tsʰiŋ juloanword ‘oil / grease (for cooking)’Sun H 91 rEQ: 8.3.2

rGyalrong (NW)tsʰən juloanword ‘oil / grease (for cooking)’Sun H 91 rNW: 8.3.2

5Tujia26

Tujiase²¹#60 PTB *saːw ‘FAT (n.) / GREASE / OIL / SWEAT’PKC *thaaw ‘FAT / GREASE’PTk *tʰaw ‘FAT’ si³⁵ ‘fat’Chen 86 TuBQ: 8.3

Tujiase²¹#60 PTB *saːw ‘FAT (n.) / GREASE / OIL / SWEAT’PKC *thaaw ‘FAT / GREASE’PTk *tʰaw ‘FAT’ si³⁵ ‘oil / grease (for cooking)’Chen 86 TuBQ: 8.3.2

Tujia (Northern)se²¹#60 PTB *saːw ‘FAT (n.) / GREASE / OIL / SWEAT’PKC *thaaw ‘FAT / GREASE’PTk *tʰaw ‘FAT’ si³⁵ ‘oil’Tian 86

Tujia (Northern)se³#60 PTB *saːw ‘FAT (n.) / GREASE / OIL / SWEAT’PKC *thaaw ‘FAT / GREASE’PTk *tʰaw ‘FAT’si² ‘oil’Brassett 06 Tujia: 4.5

Tujia (Northern)se³#60 PTB *saːw ‘FAT (n.) / GREASE / OIL / SWEAT’PKC *thaaw ‘FAT / GREASE’PTk *tʰaw ‘FAT’si²ha³morpheme v‘press oil’Brassett 06 Tujia: 3.4

Tujia (Northern)si2 vi.‘fat’Brassett 04 Tujia

Tujia (Northern)si2ku1morphemesi3#34 PTB *sya-n ‘FLESH / MEAT / GAME ANIMAL’MesorootsPKC *sʰaa ‘ANIMAL / FLESH / MEAT’PCN *a-ʃaʔ ‘ANIMAL / MEAT, FLESH’PTk *sa ‘FLESH / MEAT / ANIMAL’Allofams1 #5711 PTB *sya-n ⪤ *sin ‘FLESH / ANIMAL / BODY / AGENTIVE NOMINALIZER’1a #34 PTB *sya-n ‘FLESH / MEAT / GAME ANIMAL’1b #318 PTB *sin ‘BODY / OWNER / AGENTIVE NOMINALIZER’ n.‘fat meat’Brassett 04 Tujia

Tujia (Northern)si3ku1morphemetu3morpheme vi.‘fat’Brassett 04 Tujia

Tujiasie²¹#60 PTB *saːw ‘FAT (n.) / GREASE / OIL / SWEAT’PKC *thaaw ‘FAT / GREASE’PTk *tʰaw ‘FAT’si³⁵ n‘oil (animal)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0445.49

Tujiasie²¹#60 PTB *saːw ‘FAT (n.) / GREASE / OIL / SWEAT’PKC *thaaw ‘FAT / GREASE’PTk *tʰaw ‘FAT’si³⁵ n‘oil (vegetable)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0446.49

Tujiasie²¹#60 PTB *saːw ‘FAT (n.) / GREASE / OIL / SWEAT’PKC *thaaw ‘FAT / GREASE’PTk *tʰaw ‘FAT’si³⁵ ‘oil’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 397.38

Tujia (Northern)si² be v.‘fat’Brassett 06 Tujia: 6.3

Tujia (Northern)si²ku¹morphemesi³#34 PTB *sya-n ‘FLESH / MEAT / GAME ANIMAL’MesorootsPKC *sʰaa ‘ANIMAL / FLESH / MEAT’PCN *a-ʃaʔ ‘ANIMAL / MEAT, FLESH’PTk *sa ‘FLESH / MEAT / ANIMAL’Allofams1 #5711 PTB *sya-n ⪤ *sin ‘FLESH / ANIMAL / BODY / AGENTIVE NOMINALIZER’1a #34 PTB *sya-n ‘FLESH / MEAT / GAME ANIMAL’1b #318 PTB *sin ‘BODY / OWNER / AGENTIVE NOMINALIZER’ ‘fat meat’Brassett 06 Tujia: 4.4

Tujia (Southern)si²¹ ‘fat (person)’Tian 86

Tujia (Southern)si²¹ ‘fat (meat)’Tian 86

Tujiasi²¹ tsʰe³⁵#42 PTB *tsow-s ‘FAT (v.a.) / OMENTUM’PCN *thu ‘OIL / GREASE / FAT’ ‘fat’Chen 86 TuMQ: 8.3

Tujiasi²¹ tsʰe³⁵#42 PTB *tsow-s ‘FAT (v.a.) / OMENTUM’PCN *thu ‘OIL / GREASE / FAT’ ‘oil / grease (for cooking)’Chen 86 TuMQ: 8.3.2

Tujia (Southern)si²¹ tsʰe³⁵#42 PTB *tsow-s ‘FAT (v.a.) / OMENTUM’PCN *thu ‘OIL / GREASE / FAT’ ‘oil’Tian 86

Tujia (Northern)si³ku¹morphemetu³morpheme be v.‘fat’Brassett 06 Tujia: 6.2

Tujia (Northern)si³⁵ ‘fat (person)’Tian 86

Tujia (Northern)si³⁵ ‘fat (meat)’Tian 86

Tujiasi³⁵ ‘fat’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1024.49

Tujiasi³⁵ ‘fat (of people)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 849.38

Tujiasi³⁵ ‘fat (meat)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 850.38

Tujiasi³⁵ku⁵⁵morphemethu²¹morpheme ‘fat (pig)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1025.49

Tujia (Northern)tong³morphemese³#60 PTB *saːw ‘FAT (n.) / GREASE / OIL / SWEAT’PKC *thaaw ‘FAT / GREASE’PTk *tʰaw ‘FAT’si² ‘tung oil’Brassett 06 Tujia: 3.4

6.1Lolo-Burmese1

*Lolo-Burmesetsu¹ ‘fat’Matisoff 78 MLBM: 31

6.1.1Burmish12

Burmese (Written)ǎprefix◦tshi ‘fat’Weidert 87 TBTo: 728

Burmese (Written)ăprefix◦tshi ‘fat’Benedict 72 STC: 16n55

Burmese (Written)chi ‘oil / fat’Matisoff 83 TIL: 12

Burmese (Written)chi ‘oil; lymph’Benedict 76 WBur

Burmese (Written)chi-ʔusuffix ‘fat / oil / grease’Matisoff 87 BP

Burmese (Written)khraŋ#459 PTB *r-kliŋ ⪤ *r-klyaŋ ‘MARROW / BRAIN’PKC *khlik ⪤ *khliŋ ‘MARROW / SAP’PTk *tliŋ ‘MARROW’PLB *ʔkraŋ¹ ⪤ *ʔkyaŋ¹ ‘MARROW’-tshi ‘brain’Weidert 87 TBTo: 218

Burmese (Written)khraŋ#459 PTB *r-kliŋ ⪤ *r-klyaŋ ‘MARROW / BRAIN’PKC *khlik ⪤ *khliŋ ‘MARROW / SAP’PTk *tliŋ ‘MARROW’PLB *ʔkraŋ¹ ⪤ *ʔkyaŋ¹ ‘MARROW’-tshi ‘marrow’Benedict 72 STC: 126

Burmese (Written)lumorpheme-chi ‘lymph gland / gland in groin’Matisoff 87 BP

Burmese (Written)məhamorpheme-chi ‘lymph gland / gland in groin’Matisoff 87 BP

Burmese (Written)tshi ‘oil’Weidert 87 TBTo: 728

Burmese (Written)əprefix-chi ‘oil; lymph’Benedict 76 WBur

Burmese (Written)ʔəprefix◦chi ‘fat / oil / grease’Matisoff 87 BP

6.1.2Loloish1

*Loloishtsi¹ ‘fat’Bradley 79 PLo: 384

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish11

Lalotsʰɿ⁵⁵ ‘fat’Chen 86 Yi: 8.3

Yi (Nanjian)tsʰɿ⁵⁵ ‘fat (person)’Chen 85 YiJZ

Yi (Xide)a³⁴morpheme-ʑɿ³³ ‘fat, plump’Chen 79 YiCh

Yi (Xide)tshɿ³³ n‘oil (animal)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0445.35

Yi (Xide)tshɿ³³ ‘oil from animal’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 397.21

Yi (Xide)tshɿ³⁴ku̱³³morpheme n‘oil (animal)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0445.35

Yi (Xide)tsʰɿ³³ ‘fat, grease (oil)’Chen 79 YiCh

Yi (Xide)tsʰɿ³³ ‘fat, oil’Chen 85 YiJZ

Yi (Xide)ɕo²¹morpheme-ʑɿ³³ ‘fat, grease (oil)’Chen 79 YiCh

Yi (Xide)ɕɿ³³ ‘fat (fatty meat)’Chen 79 YiCh

Yi (Xide)ʑo²¹#42 PTB *tsow-s ‘FAT (v.a.) / OMENTUM’PCN *thu ‘OIL / GREASE / FAT’ ʑɿ³³ ‘fat, oil’Chen 85 YiJZ

6.1.2.2Central Loloish11

Jinuo (Baya/Banai)a³³prefix tsʰɯ⁴⁴ ‘oil’Dai 89 JinA: 590

Jinuo (Baka)a³³prefix tsʰɯ⁴⁴ ‘oil’Dai 89 JinB: 590

Jinuo (Baka)a³³prefix tsʰɯ⁴⁴ ‘animal oil’Dai 89 JinB: 591

Jinuo (Buyuan)ɑ³³prefix tsʰi³¹ ‘oil’Gai 86

Lisuhtsi⁴ ‘fat (person)’Bradley 79 PLo: 532

Sani [Nyi]tshi³³ ‘fat’Chen 86 CS: 34.

Sani [Nyi]tshi³³ ‘fat’Chen 86 Yi: 8.3

Sani [Nyi]tshi³³ n‘fat’Wu 84

Yi (Sani)tshz̩³³ n‘oil (animal)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0445.39

Sani [Nyi]tsʰo³³#42 PTB *tsow-s ‘FAT (v.a.) / OMENTUM’PCN *thu ‘OIL / GREASE / FAT’ tsʰɿ³³ du³³morpheme mɑ³³morpheme ‘fat person’Wu 84: 145.3

Sani [Nyi]tsʰɿ³³ adj‘fat ; oil, fat’Ma 89 SanQ: 349.7

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish6

Hani (Dazhai)tshi⁵⁵ ‘oil’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 397.31

Hani (Dazhai)tsʰi⁵⁵ ‘fat, oil’Li Yongsui 86 Hani

Hani (Gelanghe)tsʰi⁵⁵ ‘oil’Li Yongsui 86 Hani

Hani (Shuikui)ʒv̩³³morpheme tsʰi⁵⁵ ‘oil’Li Yongsui 86 Hani

Hani (Shuikui)ʒv̩³³morphemetshi⁵⁵ ‘oil’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 397.32

Côông [Phunoi]ʔɑ̃⁵⁵#5450 PTB *ʔa(ŋ/k)- ‘NOUN PREFIX’ sʰi⁵⁵ n‘fat’Bradley xx Phu

8Bai5

Bai (Dali)tsi³⁵ ‘oil, fat’Xu 84 Bai

Bai (Jianchuan)tsi⁵⁵ ‘oil, fat’Xu 84 Bai

Bai (Jianchuan)tsɿ⁵⁵ ‘fat’Zhao 90: 8.3

Bai (Jianchuan)tsɿ⁵⁵ ‘oil / grease (for cooking)’Zhao 90: 8.3.2

Bai (Jianchuan)tsɿ⁵⁵ xo⁵⁵morpheme ‘fat around intestines / omentum’Zhao 90: 8.3.1

9.0.1Old Chinese1

Chinese (Old/Mid)t̑i̯ər/tśi ‘fat’Chou 72: 552g

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #48, *tsil ‘FAT (n.) / GREASE / OIL’.

Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/48

Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].

References: STC p.16,168,169,173. GSR 551.noun; cf. HPTB pp.410, 422

BibTeX

@misc{stedt-48,
  title  = {{*tsil 'FAT (n.) / GREASE / OIL'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #48},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/48}
}