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STEDT #1278

*s-ka(ː)k

FORK / BRANCH / CROTCH
Proto-Tibeto-Burman · exemplary

Reconstruction analysis

handlekaːkinitialkrhymea(ː)kcoverK · T

Intermediate reconstructions

Tani*ɦak ‘BRANCH’JS-HCST: 109
Lolo-Burmese*ʔ-gakᴸ ‘BRANCH’

Connections

HPTB*s-kaːk ‘fork / branch’p. 325
See alsoCROTCH
Poss. allofam#2859

Notes

This etymon is possibly a co-allofam of #3383 PTB *m/s-ka-y GO / STRIDE / SPAN and should perhaps be merged with it in future.

Chinese comparandum

OC *t̑i̯ĕg, GSR #864a ‘branch (of tree); limb; support’; Schuessler 2007:614 *ke; B & S 2011: *ke; Mand. zhī.
OC *t̑i̯ĕg, GSR #864b ‘branch (of tree); resist, go astray’; Schuessler 2007:614 *ke; B & S 2011: *ke; Mand. zhī.
OC *t̑i̯ĕg, GSR #864c ‘limb (of body)’; Schuessler 2007:614 *ke; B & S 2011: *ke; Mand. zhī.
OC *śi̯ĕg, GSR #864e ‘wing’; Schuessler 2007:614 *ke; B & S 2011: *s-kʰe-s; Mand. chì.
OC *g’i̯ĕg, GSR #864i ‘bifurcating, forked (as of a road)’; Schuessler 2007:614 *ke; B & S 2011: *N-ke (dial.: no palatalization); Mand. .

Reflexes & cognates101 reflexes · 15 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)4

*Tibeto-Burmankaːk ‘fork / branch’Matisoff 83 TIL: 51
*Tibeto-Burmans-kaak**s-k(w)aak ‘branch’LaPolla 87: 9
*Tibeto-Burmans-kaːk ‘fork / branch’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 594

1.1.1Tani1

*Taniɦak ‘branch’Sun J 93 HCST: 44

1.1.1.1Western Tani16

Apataniáprefix-ha ‘branch’Sun J 93 Tani
Apatanibimorpheme-ha ‘bamboo branch’Sun J 93 Tani
Apatanijemorpheme-saŋmorpheme àprefix- ‘branch’Sun J 93 Tani
Bokaraprefix ɦok n‘branch / twig’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0374.24
Bokaraprefix-hak ‘branch’Sun J 93 HCST
Bokaraprefix-hok ‘branch’Sun J 93 Tani
Bokar Lhobaaprefix ɦok ‘branch’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 225.51
Galoagmorpheme n.‘branch’GLDC 09 Galo
Galoakcəəmorpheme n.‘branch’GLDC 09 Galo
Miri, Hillhakbemorpheme ‘branch’Simon 76 Miri
Taginaːk ‘branch’Das Gupta 83 Tag

1.1.1.2Eastern Tani3

Mishing [Miri]ak-ləŋmorpheme ‘branch’Sun J 93 HCST

1.1.2Deng4

Darang [Taraon]xɑ³¹ɹɑ⁵³morpheme n‘branch / twig’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0374.22
Darang [Taraon]xɑ³¹ɹɑ⁵³morpheme ‘branch’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 225.49
Iduhɑ⁵⁵ɹo⁵³morpheme ‘branch’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 225.50
Yiduhɑ⁵⁵ɹo⁵³morpheme n‘branch / twig’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0374.25

1.2.2Central Chin2

Lushai [Mizo]kaak ‘fork of tree’LaPolla 87: 9
Lushai [Mizo]kaːk v.i.‘fork (of tree), forked’Benedict 72 STC: 327

2.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1

Chepang (Eastern)(plek)morphemeghak ‘crotch / fork of legs’Caughley 90 CheQ: 5.9

3.2Qiangic6

Qiang (Mianchi)phòmorpheme khɚ̀ ‘branch’Evans 99 Qiang: 467

6.1Lolo-Burmese4

*Lolo-Burmeseʔgak ‘fork / branch’Matisoff 83 TIL: 51
*Lolo-Burmeseʔgak ‘branch’[Source note] [TSR 43] (LaPolla 1987).LaPolla 87: 9

6.1.1Burmish21

Burmese (Rangoon)ɑ⁵³prefixkɑ̃i⁵⁵morphemeɑ⁵³prefixkhɛʔ⁴ n‘branch / twig’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0374.27
Burmese (Spoken Rangoon)ɑprefix khɛʔ⁴⁴ ‘branch’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 225.40
Burmese (Written)aprefixkhak n‘branch’Marrison 67 Naga
Burmese (Written)aprefixkhak ‘branch’LaPolla 87: 9
Burmese (Written)aprefixkhak ‘branch’Benedict 72 STC: 327
Burmese (Written)khak-maʼmorpheme ‘main branch of tree’Benedict 76 WBur
Burmese (Written)khak-râŋmorpheme n.‘fork ( of any kind )’Benedict 76 WBur
Burmese (Written)khak-raŋmorpheme ‘fork’Benedict 72 STC: 327
Burmese (Written)ɑ¹prefixkoŋ³morphemeɑ¹prefixkhɑk⁴ n‘branch / twig’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0374.26
Burmese (Written)ɑ¹prefixkhɑk ‘branch’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 225.39
Burmese (Written)əprefix-khak ‘branch of tree’Benedict 76 WBur
Burmese (Written)əprefix-khak-maʼmorpheme ‘main branch of tree’Benedict 76 WBur
Burmese (Written)əprefixkhak ‘branch’Matisoff 83 TIL: 51
Hpun (Northern)ăprefixkhò, ăprefixkhᴜ̀ʔ ‘branch’Henderson 86 Hpun
Marmaəprefixkhaʔ ‘branch’Huziwara 08 Sak: 294

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish12

Lalokàq-lìqmorpheme ‘branch’Björverud 94
Luquanka 55c ‘branch’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 43
Yi (Liangshan)ko⁵⁵ ‘branch (tree)’Ma 08 Yi: index

6.1.2.2Central Loloish23

Lahuɔmorpheme- v.i.‘fork (of tree), forked’Benedict 72 STC: 327
Lisue⁵⁵morphemelɛ³¹morphemekɑ⁵⁵ ‘branch’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 225.27
Lisu (Northern)ji⁵⁵morphemelæʔ²¹morphemeka⁵⁵ ‘branch; twig’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)kaʔ²¹loanwordla²¹loanwordka⁵⁵ N‘olive branch’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)ka⁵⁵phu³³morpheme N‘tree branch; branch of jade (poetic, used to refer to women)’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)ɕɔ²¹morphemelɔ⁴⁴morphemeka⁵⁵ ‘coral branch’Bradley 94 Lisu

6.1.2.4Southeastern Loloish7

Southern Mujia³³prefixka²¹ljɛ³³morpheme ‘fork (of tree branch)’Pelkey 11 Phula: 229

8Bai1

Bai (Jianchuan)kʰuæ³¹ kã̱⁴²morpheme ‘crotch / fork of legs’Zhao 90: 5.9

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #1278, *s-ka(ː)k ‘FORK / BRANCH / CROTCH’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/1278
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: cf. STC#327, HPTB p.325
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-1278,
  title  = {{*s-ka(ː)k 'FORK / BRANCH / CROTCH'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #1278},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/1278}
}