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STEDT #530

*r-sa

VEIN / SINEW / INTERNAL CHANNEL / PULSE
Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

handlesa/oinitialsrhymea/ocoverS · V

Intermediate reconstructions

Tani*fo ‘SINEW / VEIN’JS-HCST: 100
Kuki-Chin*thaa ‘SINEW / TENDON / STRENGTH’PKC #409
Central Naga (Ao Group)*a-saʔ ‘NERVE, VEIN / POWER, STRENGTH’PCN #014

Connections

See alsoFLESH/MUSCLE/VEIN/ARTERY/ROOT

Notes

This root is distinct from #34 PTB *sya-n FLESH / MEAT / GAME ANIMAL, although words meaning MUSCLE are sometimes assignable to it, since the bulging contour suggests the meaning FLESH. The general meaning of #530 PTB *r-sa VEIN / SINEW / INTERNAL CHANNEL / PULSE refers to body parts of rather obscure function that extend throughout the body. (These were referred to as “obscure internal channels and connections” or OICCs in VSTB.) The Karbi form artho, with meanings including ‘vein’, ‘artery’, ‘ligament’, ‘muscle’, ‘sinew’, and ‘tendon’, well illustrate this point.

Also to be assigned to this etymon is the first syllable of #4418 PKC *tha-ruy ⪤ *-hruy VEIN / ARTERY / SINEW.

Reflexes & cognates165 reflexes · 36 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)3

*Tibeto-Burmanr-sa ‘muscle, tendon’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 124
*Tibeto-Burmanr-sa ‘vein / root / sinew’Benedict 72 STC: 442

1.1.1Tani1

*Tanifo ‘sinew / vein’Sun J 93 HCST: 359

1.1.1.2Eastern Tani1

Padam-Mishing [Abor-Miri]aímorpheme-sho-phonmorpheme ‘blood vessel / vein / artery’Matisoff 87 BP

1.1.2Deng7

Darang [Taraon]saː ‘blood vessel / vein / artery’Matisoff 87 BP
Darang [Taraon]sɑ⁵⁵ ‘muscle’Sun H 80 MLD
Idue⁵⁵prefixsa⁵⁵ ‘sinew / tendon (muscle to bone’Sun H 91 IduQ: 8.5
Idueprefix◦sã ‘vein’Pulu 78
Idueprefix◦sa◦pãmorpheme ‘vein’Anonymous 62 Idu
Idutʰa ‘muscle’Anonymous 62 Idu
Idutʰo-aŋgomorpheme ‘muscle’Pulu 78

1.2Kuki-Chin1

*Chinthaa ‘SINEW / TENDON / STRENGTH’VanBik 09 PKC: 409

1.2.1.1Northern Chin4

Thadothá-gûy ‘sinew’VanBik 09 PKC: 409
Tiddimtha¹ ‘strength, energy’VanBik 09 PKC: 409
Tiddimtha¹ ‘strength’Bhaskararao 96 CDB: 1854
Tiddimˊthaː n‘strength’Henderson 65 TidC

1.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin2

Cho (Mindat)tha-gui ‘strength, muscle’VanBik 09 PKC: 409
Khumiathoo ‘strength, courage’VanBik 09 PKC: 409

1.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)12

*Central Nagaaprefix-saʔ ‘NERVE, VEIN / POWER, STRENGTH’Bruhn 14 PCN: III.014
Lotha Nagaeprefix-tho-tʃak#7795 PCN *tʃak ‘BREAK’- be v.‘upset, downhearted’[Source note] nerves/strength-breakBruhn 14 SuppCN
Lotha Nagae¹prefix-thoʔ² n.‘nerves / power, strength’Bruhn 14 PCN: III.014
Lotha Nagaeprefix◦tho ‘strong’Marrison 67 Naga
Lotha Nagaeprefix◦tho ‘strength’Murry 78: 118
Lotha NagaEprefix◦tho ‘muscle’Nienu 90 LotQ: 8.8
Sangtamaprefix◦su ‘power / strength’Kumar 73 Sang
Sangtamsu◦yomorpheme ‘vein’Kumar 73 Sang
Yimchungrüsüh◦mühmorpheme ‘power’Kumar 73 Yim: 52

1.5Mikir [Karbi]11

Mikir [Karbi]artho ‘ligament’Matisoff 87 BP
Mikir [Karbi]artho ‘sinew / tendon’Matisoff 87 BP
Mikir [Karbi]artho ‘muscle’Matisoff 87 BP
Mikir [Karbi]arthō ‘ligament (bone to bone)’Grüssner 79 BP: 5
Mikir [Karbi]arthō ‘blood vessel / vein / artery’Grüssner 79 BP: 5
Mikir [Karbi]artho ‘nerve, sinew, vein, muscle’Benedict 72 STC: 442
Mikir [Karbi]arthō-pīmorpheme ‘blood vessel / vein / artery’Grüssner 79 BP: 5
Mikir [Karbi]arthō-sōmorpheme ‘blood vessel / vein / artery’Grüssner 79 BP: 5
Mikir [Karbi]arthō|(ʔ) ‘nerve / vein’Weidert 87 TBTo: 55
Mikir [Karbi]kèng#238 PTB *g-r(w/y)a(ŋ/k) ‘BONE / SKELETON’PTani *loŋ ‘BONE’ aprefix-dòkmorpheme-dákmorpheme arthô ‘ligament (bone to bone)’Grüssner 79 BP: 41

1.6Mru1

Mrucha ‘blood vessel / vein / artery’Matisoff 87 BP

1.7.1.1Bodo5

Bodorada ‘nerve’Matisoff 87 BP
Bodoroda ⪤ rota ‘root; sinew, tendon’Benedict 72 STC: 442
Bodorɤdaʔ ‘nerve / vein’Weidert 87 TBTo: 55
Mecherodaʔ ‘nerve / vein’Weidert 87 TBTo: 55

1.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte1

Tangsa¹ʌmorpheme-d̪ʌʔ ‘nerve / vein’Weidert 87 TBTo: 55

1.7.2.2Konyak-Chang2

Changhau ‘nerve, tendon, vein’Benedict 72 STC: 442
Konyak (Tamlu)ɣaʔ ‘nerve / vein’Weidert 87 TBTo: 55

1.7.3.1Jingpho6

Jingpholă³prefix sa³³ ‘muscle’Liu 84
Jingpholəsa ‘tendon, sinew, vein’Benedict 72 STC: 442
Jingpholəsa tawngmorpheme ‘tendon; sinew (euph.)’Matisoff 87 BP
Jingpholəsaw ‘tendon; sinew (euph.)’Matisoff 87 BP
Jingpholəprefix◦sa~ləprefix◦saw ‘sinew / tendon’Matisoff 87 BP

2.1.1Western Himalayish1

Bunantà ‘blood vessel / vein / artery’Sharma, S.R. 91 Bu: 8.7.1

2.1.2Bodic8

Kaikechā ‘nerve’Matisoff 87 BP
Tsangla (Motuo)tsa⁵⁵ ‘muscle’Zhang Jichuan 86
Tsangla (Motuo)tsa⁵⁵ ‘blood vessel’Zhang Jichuan 86
Tshona (Wenlang)tsɑ⁵⁵ ‘muscle’Lu 86 CuoM
Tshona (Mama)tsᴀ⁵³ ‘muscle / sinew’Sun H 80 MLD
Tshona (Mama)tsᴀ⁵³ ‘sinew’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 267.6

2.1.2.1Tibetan17

Tibetan (Batang)tsa⁵³ ‘blood vessel / vein / artery’Dai 89 Bata: 8.7.1
Tibetan (Jirel)'cāq ‘blood vessel / vein / artery’Matisoff 87 BP
Sherpa'caq ‘blood vessel / vein / artery’Matisoff 87 BP
Tibetan (Sherpa:Helambu)tsah ‘sinew / tendon (muscle to bone’Bishop 89: 8.5
Spititsà ‘blood vessel / vein / artery’Bodh 91: 8.7.1
Spititsà ‘pulse’Bodh 91: 9.3.2
Tibetan (Written)dbaŋmorpheme-rtsa ‘nerve’Zhang Liansheng 88: 57
Tibetan (Written)rluŋmorpheme-rtsa ‘blood vessel / vein / artery’Matisoff 87 BP
Tibetan (Written)rtsa ‘vein; artery; pulse;’Matisoff 87 BP
Tibetan (Written)rtsa(-basuffix) ‘muscle, tendon’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 124
Tibetan (Written)rtsa(-basuffix) ‘vein, root, sinew’Benedict 72 STC: 442
Tibetan (Written)rtsa-dkármorpheme ‘blood vessel / vein / artery’Matisoff 87 BP
Tibetan (Written)tʻodmorpheme-rtsa ‘vena frontalis’Matisoff 87 BP

2.1.3Lepcha6

Lepchaaprefix-*tsó ‘blood vessel / vein / artery’Matisoff 87 BP
Lepchaaprefix-so ‘blood vessel / vein / artery’Matisoff 87 BP
Lepchaaprefix-so ‘muscle’Matisoff 87 BP
Lepchaaprefix-sóp◦(pŭnmorpheme-prókmorpheme) ‘sinew / tendon’Matisoff 87 BP
Lepchaso ‘veins, fibres of wood’Benedict 72 STC: 442

2.1.4Tamangish6

Chantyalnəprefix◦sa ‘nerve’Noonan 92: 8.10
Chantyalnəprefix◦sa ‘sinew / tendon (muscle to bone’Noonan 92: 8.5
Chantyalnəprefix◦sa ‘ligament (bone to bone)’Noonan 92: 8.6

2.2Newar1

Newarnɔmorpheme◦sā ‘nerve’Shakya 89: 8.10

2.3Kiranti1

*Kirantisa ‘muscle, tendon’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 124

2.3.1Eastern Kiranti5

Limbusa◦wetmorpheme ‘tendon, ?nerve’Michailovsky 89 Lm
Limbusa◦weːtmorpheme ‘tendon, nerve’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 124
Yakhaphammorpheme◦namorpheme sa◦wasuffix ‘artery’Kohn 90: 8.7.1
Yakhaphimmorpheme◦namorpheme sa◦wasuffix ‘vein’Kohn 90: 8.7.1
Yakhasaː◦gaːmorpheme muslamorpheme ‘muscle’Kohn 90: 8.8

2.3.3Central Kiranti5

Dumino◦sə ‘muscle, tendon’loanword · loanwordMichailovsky 91 Kr: 124
Duminoloanword◦sə ‘muscle, muscles’Driem 93 Dumi
Duminoloanword◦sə◦msuffix ‘muscle, tendon’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 124
Duminoloanword◦sə◦msuffix ‘muscle, muscles’Driem 93 Dumi
Khalingsö ‘muscle, tendon’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 124

2.4Kham-Magar-Chepang16

Chepangsoʔ ‘nerve / vein’Weidert 87 TBTo: 55
Chepangsoʔ ‘nerve’Matisoff 87 BP
Chepangsoʔ n.‘blood vessel, sinew, ligament, nerve’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangsoʔ ‘blood vessel’Caughley 72 CVoc: 2.A.6
Chepangsoʔ.namorpheme.remorpheme n.‘blood vessels, sinews, etc.’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepang (Eastern)soʔ ‘sinew / tendon (muscle to bone’Caughley 90 CheQ: 8.5
Chepang (Eastern)soʔ ‘ligament (bone to bone)’Caughley 90 CheQ: 8.6
Chepang (Eastern)soʔ ‘blood vessel / vein / artery’Caughley 90 CheQ: 8.7.1
Kham'nāmorpheme◦sā ‘ligament’Matisoff 87 BP
Kham'nəmorpheme◦sa ‘tendon’Watters 89 KhQ
Kham'nəmorpheme◦sa ‘ligament’Watters 89 KhQ: 2.A.7
Magarnaloanword◦sā ‘nerve’Matisoff 87 BP

3.1Tangut4

Tangut [Xixia]z̀i̯ə ‘pulse’Sofronov 97
Tangut [Xixia]z̀i̯ə ‘vein’Sofronov 97
Tangut [Xixia]z̀wọ ‘artery’Sofronov 97

3.2Qiangic3

Pumi (Jiulong)se⁵⁵ n‘tendon / sinew’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0130.10
Xumisɛ⁵⁵ tsɑ³³morpheme ‘sinew / tendon’Sun H 91 ShiQ
Xumisɛ⁵⁵tsɑ³³morpheme ‘sinew’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 267.20

3.3rGyalrongic5

Ergong (Northern)cçʰak⁵³morpheme r̥tsa⁵³ ‘blood vessel / vein / artery’Sun H 91 ErNQ: 8.7.1
Ergong (Daofu)rtsɑ ‘blood vessel / vein / artery’Dai 89 Daof: 8.7.1
Ergong (Northern)ɕʰɛ³³ rɟjət⁵³morpheme ‘sinew / tendon (muscle to bone’Sun H 91 ErNQ: 8.5
Ergong (Northern)ɕʰɛ⁵³ snak³³morpheme ‘muscle’Sun H 91 ErNQ: 8.8
Ergong (Danba)ʐtsa ‘sinew / tendon’Sun H 91 ErDQ: 8.5

3.3.1rGyalrong3

rGyalrong (NW)təprefix◦r̥tse ‘ligament (bone to bone)’Sun H 91 rNW: 8.6
rGyalrong (NW)təprefix◦r̥tse ‘blood vessel / vein / artery’Sun H 91 rNW: 8.7.1

4Nungic1

6.1.1Burmish3

Bolasui³⁵morpheme tʃʰa⁵⁵ ‘pulse’Dai 89 Bola: 157
Lashiʃo⁵⁵ ‘muscle’Dai 89 Lash: 8.8
Maru [Langsu]ʃɔ³⁵ ‘muscle’Dai 89 Lang: 8.8

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #530, *r-sa ‘VEIN / SINEW / INTERNAL CHANNEL / PULSE’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/530
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: STC#442. incl 534, 531
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-530,
  title  = {{*r-sa 'VEIN / SINEW / INTERNAL CHANNEL / PULSE'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #530},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/530}
}