STEDT
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STEDT #231

*krak

BLOOD / RED
Proto-Tibeto-Burman · exemplary · provisional

Reconstruction analysis

handlekrakinitialkrrhymeakcoverK · T

Chinese comparandum

赤 OC *t̑’i̯ɑ̆k, GSR #793a-c ‘red’; B & S 2011: *t-qʰak {[t-qʰ](r)Ak}; Mand. chì.
赫 OC *χɑ̆k, GSR #779a ‘red, fiery; brilliant; majestic, awe-inspiring; frighten’; Schuessler 2007:276 *hrâk; B & S 2011: *qʰˁrak; Mand. hè.
奭 OC *χi̯ək ~ (*śi̯ɑ̆k), GSR #913a ‘majestic, red’; B & S 2011: *qʰək {[qʰ](r)ək} ~ *qʰak {[qʰ](r)Ak}; Mand. shì.

Comment: The primary comparanda here are 赤 chì and 赫 hè. OC sources yield conflicting reports as to the exact reconstruction of 奭 shì, and whether 赫 and 奭 represent two separate etyma or are graphic substitutes one for another instead (see e.g. Karlgren’s remarks in GSR #913a; discussion in Schuessler 2007:188-9). These issues, however, do not detract from the validity and overall usefulness of the comparandum at hand. [SPB]

Reflexes & cognates76 reflexes · 11 subgroups

2.1.2Bodic4

Baimapa¹³morpheme tʃhɑ⁵³ ‘menstrual blood’Sun H 91 Baim: 10.4.7
Baimapɑ¹³morpheme tɕhɑ⁵³ nbi¹³morpheme v‘menstruate’Sun H 91 Baim: 10.4.6
Baimatɕhɑ⁵³ ‘blood’Sun H 91 Baim: 8.7

2.1.2.1Tibetan27

Tibetan (Batang)tʂhaʔ⁵³ ‘blood’Dai 89 Bata: 8.7
Tibetan (Batang)tʂhaʔ⁵⁵ wõ⁵⁵morpheme v.‘bleed’Dai 89 Bata: 8.7.2
Tibetan (Lhasa)tʂhaʔ⁵³ ‘blood’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 268.2
Tibetan (Sherpa:Helambu)thah tengenmorpheme v‘bleed’Bishop 89: 8.7.2
Tibetan (Sherpa:Helambu)thah◦amamorpheme ‘blood vessel / vein / artery’Bishop 89: 8.7.1
Spitiṭhà tonjemorpheme v‘bleed’Bodh 91: 8.7.2
Spitiṭhak ‘blood’Bodh 91: 8.7
Tibetan (Written)kʻrɑg-c̀ʻɑgsmorpheme-rtɑ́#5 PTB *r-ta ‘HORSE’ ‘horse ('bloodbred')’Jäschke 1881

2.1.3Lepcha1

Lepchahrók ‘blood’Matisoff 87 BP

2.1.4Tamangish31

*TGTMᴮkaː ‘blood’Mazaudon 94 These: 13
Chantyalka khamorpheme-wamorpheme v‘menstruate’Noonan 92: 10.4.6
Chantyalka kha-wasuffix v‘bleed’Noonan 92: 8.7.2
Chantyalka-yemorpheme dɦəyrimorpheme ‘blood vessel / vein / artery’Noonan 92: 8.7.1
Gurung (Ghachok)koq yuqbamorpheme ‘bleed’Glover 72 GuVo: 2.B.2.24
Tamang (Sahu)kra nyurmorpheme-cimmorpheme 'amorpheme-'ciːhmorpheme-pamorpheme v.‘faint’Taylor 72 TmVo: 13.B.25
Tamang (Sahu)²kaː ‘blood’Matisoff 87 BP
Thakali (Tukche)ka 'kʰɔmorpheme-lɔmorpheme ‘bleed’Hari 71a ThVo: 2.B.2.24
Thakali (Tukche)ka jumorpheme-lɔmorpheme ‘bleed’Hari 71a ThVo: 2.B.2.24

9.0.1Old Chinese7

Chinese (Old)khrjak ‘red / blood’Coblin 86: 123
Chinese (Old)qʰak {[qʰ](r)Ak} ‘red’BaxterSagart 2011: 2532
Chinese (Old)qʰək {[qʰ](r)ək} ‘red’BaxterSagart 2011: 2545
Chinese (Old)qʰˤrak ‘red, fiery’BaxterSagart 2011: 1045
Chinese (Old)tprefix-qʰak {[t-qʰ](r)Ak} ‘red’BaxterSagart 2011: 322
Chinese (Old)xrak ‘red / fire-red’Baxter 92: 363b

9.0.3Modern Chinese1

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #231, *krak ‘BLOOD / RED’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/231
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-231,
  title  = {{*krak 'BLOOD / RED'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #231},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/231}
}