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STEDT #5652

*s/m-wam

DARE

Proto-Tibeto-Burman · provisional

Intermediate reconstructions

Kuki-Chin*ŋam ‘DARE’PKC #849

Notes

The initial ŋ- in the Chin forms is probably due to assimilation to the following -w-, which also had a velar component in its articulation.

The Chinese comparandum also has a velar initial.

Chinese comparandum

敢 OC *kɑ̂m, GSR #607a-c ‘dare’; Schuessler 2007:249-50 *kâmʔ; B & S 2011: *kˁamʔ {[k]ˁamʔ}; Mand. gǎn.

Reflexes & cognates38 reflexes · 12 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)4

*Tibeto-Burmanhwam ‘dare’Matisoff 83 TIL: 41

*Tibeto-Burmanhwam ‘dare’Benedict 72 STC: 216

*Tibeto-Burmanhwɑm ‘dare’Chou 72: 607a-c

*Tibeto-Burmans-wam orx hwam ‘dare’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 618

1.2Kuki-Chin1

*Chinŋam VanBik 09 PKC: 849

1.2.1.1Northern Chin4

Paitehihmorpheme ngam ‘dare’VanBik 09 PKC: 849

Sizangngam hī ‘dare’VanBik 09 PKC: 849

Thadoŋám-I, ŋàm-II ‘dare’VanBik 09 PKC: 849

Tiddimngam² ‘dare, (challenge)’VanBik 09 PKC: 849

1.2.2Central Chin4

Lai (Hakha)ŋâm-I ‘dare’VanBik 09 PKC: 849

Lai (Falam)ŋâm-INV ‘dare’VanBik 09 PKC: 849

Lushai [Mizo]huam ‘dare’Benedict 72 STC: 216

Lushai [Mizo]ngâm v‘dare, to venture, to have the courage’VanBik 09 PKC: 849

1.2.3Maraic1

Lakher [Mara]ngà ‘daring’VanBik 09 PKC: 849

1.7.3.1Jingpho1

Jingphowam ‘dare’Benedict 72 STC: 216

3.2Qiangic16

Ersuȵo⁵⁵ ‘dare’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 731.18

Guiqiongji⁵⁵morphemeȵyi³⁵ ‘dare’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 731.17

Guiqiongȵy³⁵ v.‘dare’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1335.16

Muyanø̱⁵³ v.‘dare’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1335.15

Muya [Minyak]nɐ⁵⁵ ‘dare’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 731.15

Namuyiŋa³³ ‘dare’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 731.19

Namuyiŋa³¹ v.‘dare’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1335.46

Pumi (Jiulong)ŋo³⁵ v.‘dare’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1335.10

Pumi (Jiulong)ŋo³⁵gɛi⁵⁵morpheme v.‘dare’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1335.10

Pumi (Lanping)nuɑ⁵⁵ v.‘dare’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1335.09

Pumi (Qinghua)nuɑ⁵⁵ ‘dare’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 731.11

Pumi (Taoba)wã⁵⁵ ‘dare’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 731.10

Queyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba]n̥u⁵³ ‘dare’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 731.16

Xumiɦõ⁵³ v.‘dare’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1335.17

Xumiɦɔ̃³⁵ ‘dare’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 731.20

Zhaba (Daofu County)nʌ¹³ v.‘dare’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1335.14

3.3rGyalrongic2

Ergong (Danba)snɯu ‘dare’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 731.14

Daofuznə v.‘dare’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1335.12

3.3.1rGyalrong4

rGyalrongkaprefix nos ‘dare’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 731.12

Caodengkɐ́prefix-nos (nɐmorpheme-nos) ‘dare’Sun J 97 Cao

rGyalrong (Maerkang)kɑprefix nos v.‘dare’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1335.11

rGBenzhenkaprefix-noʔs ‘dare’Sun J 97 rGB

6.1Lolo-Burmese1

*Lolo-Burmesewam³ ‘dare’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 618

6.1.1Burmish4

Burmese (Written)wám ‘dare’Benedict 72 STC: 216

Burmese (Written)wam' ‘dare’Matisoff 83 TIL: 41

Burmese (Written)waṁʼ v.‘dare ( to do )’Benedict 76 WBur

Atsi [Zaiwa]vam⁵⁵ ‘dare’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 731.42

9.0.1Old Chinese2

Chinese (Old/Mid)kɑ̂m ‘dare’Chou 72: 607a-c

Chinese (Old)kâm ‘dare’Matisoff 83 TIL: 41

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #5652, *s/m-wam ‘DARE’.

Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/5652

Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].

References: JAM

BibTeX

@misc{stedt-5652,
  title  = {{*s/m-wam 'DARE'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #5652},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/5652}
}