STEDT
STEDT #5668

*r-ka ⪤ *k(r)a

PATH / WAY / CHANNEL / DITCH
Proto-Tibeto-Burman · provisional

Notes

Many reflexes point to a simple prototype *ka, but there also is strong evidence for a rhotic element, either prefixal (as in WT rka) or medial (as in Nusu Bijiang khɹɑ³⁵). Many other purported reflexes have voiced initials (as in Hani Gelanghe ga⁵⁵ma³³ ‘road, way’), which perhaps means that a separate root or allofam *ga should be set up, as witness another Gelanghe form, ɯ⁵⁵xɛ³¹ ‘ditch’.

Chinese comparandum

OC *ki̯wo, GSR #95f ‘gutter’; Schuessler 2007:324 *kwaʔ; Mand. .
OC *kwɑ̂d, GSR #321f ‘watering channel, drain, canal’; Schuessler 2007:324 *kwâts~*kôts; B & S 2011: *kˁop-s {[k]ˁop-s}; Mand. kuài.
OC *k’i̯wɑ̆t, GSR #301h ‘opening, breach; gate’; Schuessler 2007:324 *khwat~*khot; B & S 2011: *kʷʰat; Mand. què.

OC *g’i̯o, GSR #95g ‘canal’; Schuessler 2007:324 *gwa; B & S 2011: *ɡa {[ɡ](r)a}; Mand. .
OC *g’i̯wo, GSR #96d ‘road; crossroads’; Schuessler 2007:436 *gwa; B & S 2011: (*ɡʷa); Mand. .

Reflexes & cognates72 reflexes · 10 subgroups

2.1.2.1Tibetan6

Tibetan (Alike)tɕhəmorpheme rkæ n‘ditch / gully’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0034.05
Tibetan (Amdo:Bla-brang)tɕhərmorpheme ka ‘ditch’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 24.4
Tibetan (Amdo:Zeku)tɕhəmorphemerka ‘ditch’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 24.5

2.3.2Southern Kiranti1

Bantawakhadalamorpheme n‘ditch’Rai 85 BnDs

3.2Qiangic9

Namuyiqhɛ³³ ‘ditch’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 24.19
Namuyiqhæ³³bu⁵⁵morpheme n‘ditch / gully’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0034.46
Pumi (Lanping)tʃə⁵⁵morphemeqha⁵⁵ n‘ditch / gully’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0034.09
Pumi (Qinghua)tʃə⁵⁵morphemeqha⁵⁵ ‘ditch’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 24.11
Qiang (Mawo)tsəmorpheme guiʴ ‘ditch’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 24.8
Qiang (Mianchi)qhò ɚ́morpheme ‘ditch’Evans 99 Qiang: 36
Qiang (Mianchi)qhuà tsuémorpheme ‘ditch (large)’Evans 99 Qiang: 36

6.1.1Burmish2

Maru [Langsu]khjɔ³¹ ‘road / way’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 474.43
Atsi [Zaiwa]khjo⁵¹ ‘road / way’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 474.42

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish23

Nusu (Northern)khɹɑ³¹ ‘ditch’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Northern)khɹɑ³¹phɹiõ³¹morpheme ‘road / way’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Bijiang)khɹɑ³⁵ ‘ditch’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 24.45
Nusu (Bijiang)khɹɑ³⁵phɹɔ̃³⁵morpheme ‘road / way’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 474.45
Yi (Liangshan)ga³³ ‘distance; pathway; road; trail (path)’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Liangshan)ga³³po³⁴morpheme ‘path, correct’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Liangshan)ga³³ʐa⁵⁵morpheme ‘make way’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Liangshan)ga³³ʑo⁵⁵morpheme ‘go the wrong way; lose (one's way); lost, get; turn, take a wrong’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Liangshan)ga³⁴sɛ³³morpheme ‘path’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Liangshan)ga³⁴ʂa³³morpheme ‘path, difficult; see somebody off’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Liangshan)ga³⁴ʨɛ³³morpheme ‘path; road; route’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Nanhua)be̱³³morphemegɑ²¹ v.‘lead the way’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1756.37
Yi (Nanjian)gɑ⁵⁵mɑ³³morpheme ‘road / way’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 474.23
Yi (Xide)ga²¹mo²¹morpheme ‘road / way’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 474.21
Yi (Xide)gɑ³³ ʐɑ⁵⁵morpheme v.‘make way for / give way’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1586.35

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish13

Hani (Dazhai)ga⁵⁵ma³³morpheme ‘road / way’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 474.31
Hani (Dazhai)lo⁵⁵morphemega⁵⁵ ‘ditch’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 24.31
Hani (Lüchun)lo⁵⁵morphemega⁵⁵ n‘ditch / gully’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0034.41
Hani (Gelanghe)ga⁵⁵ma³³morpheme ‘road / way’Li Yongsui 86 Hani
Hani (Mojiang)lu⁵⁵morphemeka³³ n‘ditch / gully’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0034.42

6.2Naxi4

Naxikhæ³³ n‘ditch / gully’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0034.45
Naxikhə³³ n‘ditch / gully’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0034.45
Naxi (Lijiang)khə³³ (kha³³) ‘ditch’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 24.28

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #5668, *r-ka ⪤ *k(r)a ‘PATH / WAY / CHANNEL / DITCH’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/5668
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: JAM
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-5668,
  title  = {{*r-ka ⪤ *k(r)a 'PATH / WAY / CHANNEL / DITCH'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #5668},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/5668}
}