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STEDT #6186

*gyap

NARROW / CROWDED
Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Intermediate reconstructions

Lolo-Burmese*gyapᴸ ‘NARROW’

Connections

HPTB*gyap ‘narrow / crowded’pp. 338, 342

Chinese comparandum

夾 OC *kɑ̆p, GSR #630a ‘support (v.); press between; tweezers’; Schuessler 2007:300 (*krêp); B & S 2011: *C.kˁ‹r›ep; Mand. jiā.
狹 OC *g'ɑ̆p, GSR #630e ‘narrow’; Schuessler 2007:300 *grêp; B & S 2011: *N-kˁ‹r›ep; Mand. xiá.
梜 OC *kɑp ~ *ki̯ɑp, GSR #630f ‘chopsticks’; Schuessler 2007:300 *krêp; B & S 2011: *kˁ‹r›ep; Mand. jiā ~ jié.
頰 OC *kiɑp, GSR #630h ‘cheek, jowl’; Schuessler 2007:537 *kêp; Mand. jiá.
挾 OC *g’iɑp, GSR #630l ‘grasp, hold, clasp under arm’; Schuessler 2007:300 *krêp; B & S 2011: *m-kˁep; Mand. xié.
協 OC *g’iɑp, GSR #639b ‘in harmony, together; conform’; Schuessler 2007:537 *gêp; Mand. xié.
脅 OC *χi̯ɑ̆p, GSR #639e ‘flank, side of body, ribs’; Schuessler 2007:300 (*khrêp); B & S 2011: *qʰ‹r›ep; Mand. xié.

Comment: Regarding the above Chinese etyma, 夾 Mand. jiā and 梜 Mand. jié, jiā could in particular be treated as comparanda for #1279 PTB *kap FORK / BRANCH / CROTCH / GROIN, q.v.

Reflexes & cognates67 reflexes · 11 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)1

*Tibeto-Burmangyap ‘narrow / crowded’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 592

1.2.2Central Chin1

Lushai [Mizo]chep adj‘narrow’Marrison 67 Naga

1.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1

Lotha Nagakumorpheme◦hrap adj‘narrow’Marrison 67 Naga

1.7.3.1Jingpho4

Jingphokjip⁵⁵ ‘narrow’Liu 84
Jingphokjip⁵⁵ adj‘narrow’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0977.19
Jingphokjip⁵⁵ ‘narrow’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 816.47
Jingphokjip⁵⁵kjeŋ³³morpheme adj‘cramped / narrow’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0979.19

6.1Lolo-Burmese1

6.1.1Burmish18

Achang (Lianghe)tsɛ³¹ ‘narrow’Dai 85 AcJZ
Achang (Luxi)tsəʔ³¹ ‘narrow’Dai 85 AcJZ
Bola (Luxi)tʃɛ̱ʔ⁵⁵ adj‘narrow’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0977.32
Bola (Luxi)tʃɛ̱ʔ⁵⁵ adj‘cramped / narrow’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0979.32
Burmese (Written)krap ‘make tight by binding; tight, hard bound, as earth’Benedict 76 WBur
Burmese (Written)kyap ‘tight, close; crowded; strict and severe’Benedict 76 WBur
Burmese (Written)kyap ‘make tight by binding; tight, hard bound, as earth’Benedict 76 WBur
Langsu (Luxi)tʃɛ̱ʔ⁵⁵ adj‘cramped / narrow’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0979.31
Leqi (Luxi)tʃa̱ːp⁵⁵ adj‘narrow’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0977.33
Maru [Langsu]tʃɛ̱ʔ⁵⁵ ‘narrow’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 816.43
Atsi [Zaiwa]tʃa̱p⁵⁵ adj‘narrow’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0977.30
Atsi [Zaiwa]tʃa̱p⁵⁵ adj‘cramped / narrow’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0979.30
Atsi [Zaiwa]tʃa̱p⁵⁵ ‘tense / tight / taut’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1040.30
Atsi [Zaiwa]tʃa̱p⁵⁵ ‘narrow’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 816.42

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish13

Gazhuotsɛ²⁴ adj‘narrow’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0977.47
Gazhuotsɛ²⁴tsɛ²⁴za³¹morphemeni³³morpheme adj‘cramped / narrow’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0979.47
Nusu (Southern)tɕɑ⁵⁵ ‘narrow’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Central)tʂɔ³³ adj‘cramped / narrow’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0979.34
Nusu (Northern)tʂɔ̱³¹ ‘narrow’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Bijiang)ɑ³¹prefixtɕɔ̱⁵³ ‘narrow’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 816.45
Yi (Mojiang)tsɯ̱²¹ ‘narrow’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 816.26
Yi (Wuding)ɣv̩³³ȵɤ̱²morpheme adj‘cramped / narrow’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0979.38

6.1.2.2Central Loloish14

Jinuoa⁴⁴prefixtɕhɛ⁴² adj‘narrow’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0977.44
Jinuoa⁴⁴prefixtɕhɛ⁴²tɕhɛ⁴² adj‘cramped / narrow’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0979.44
Jinuo (Youle)tɕhɛ⁴² ‘narrow’Gai 86
Jinuoɑ³³prefixtɕhɛ⁴² ‘narrow’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 816.34
Lisu (Northern)tshi³³ V‘narrow; thin, small’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisutshi³³ adj‘narrow’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0977.40
Lisutshi̱³³ adj‘cramped / narrow’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0979.40
Lisu (Northern)tshi³⁵ læ²¹morphemehɔ³³morpheme ‘crowded’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)tshi⁵⁵ læ²¹morphemehɔ³³morpheme V‘crowded’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Central)tsrghe² ‘narrow’Fraser 22

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish6

Hani (Mojiang)tsɤ³¹tsɤ³⁵mɛ⁵⁵morpheme adj‘cramped / narrow’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0979.42
Mpike³morpheme (tɕho⁵) ‘narrow’Srinuan 76
Mpitɕho⁵ ‘narrow’Srinuan 76

6.1.2.4Southeastern Loloish5

Azhaʦɜ²¹ ‘NARROW’Pelkey 11 Phula: 1047
Southern Mujiʨɛ⁵⁵kə⁵⁵morpheme ‘narrow hoe’Pelkey 11 Phula: 488
Pholaʦɛ³³qɔ̠³¹morphemelɛ⁵⁵morphemeʨʰɛ⁵⁵morpheme ‘narrow hoe’Pelkey 11 Phula: 488
Pholaʦɨ³¹ ‘NARROW’Pelkey 11 Phula: 1047
Phuzaʦə¹³ ‘NARROW’Pelkey 11 Phula: 1047

6.2Naxi5

Na (Yongning)ʈʂʰwɤ˧morphemetsʰi˧˥ ‘narrow’Michaud 06 NaLaze
Naxitse¹³ adj‘cramped / narrow’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0979.45
Naxitshɿ²¹ adj‘narrow’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0977.45
Naxi (Yongning)tʂhuə³³morphemetshɿ¹³ ‘narrow’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 816.29

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #6186, *gyap ‘NARROW / CROWDED’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/6186
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-6186,
  title  = {{*gyap 'NARROW / CROWDED'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #6186},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/6186}
}