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STEDT #77

*g/m-swan

BREATH(E) / LIVE
Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

handlesoNprefixg/ninitialsrhymeo(n/ŋ)coverS · N

Notes

For the same final -s (of unknown function), cf. also Qiang (Mawo) χsəs.

Hayu shows variation between homorganic final nasal and stop.

Reflexes & cognates81 reflexes · 11 subgroups

1.1.2Deng1

Kaman [Miju]ntsʰon³⁵ ‘breath’Sun H 80 MLD

1.4Meithei3

Meitheilungshasormorpheme◦hon ‘breathe’Marrison 67 Naga
Meitheiswor#1745 PTB *swar ‘BLOW / BLOW NOSE / BREATHE / LUNG’ thəbetmorpheme thəbetmorpheme hon◦bəsuffix v.‘pant’Singh 91 MeiQ: 9.2.2

2.1.1Western Himalayish1

Bunanson◦posuffix ‘alive / be living’Sharma, S.R. 91 Bu: 1.12

2.1.2Bodic11

Baimasø¹³ n◦bo⁵³suffix ‘alive / be living’Sun H 91 Baim: 1.12
Kaikesam◦pusuffix adj‘alive (human)’Hale 73 CSD: 12a.08
Tsangla (Motuo)son◦posuffix adj.‘alive’Sun H 80 MLD
Tsangla (Motuo)son◦posuffix ‘alive’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 781.7
Tsangla (Motuo)ɕoŋ ‘breath’Sun H 80 MLD
Tsangla (Motuo)ɕoŋ⁵⁵ ‘breath’Zhang Jichuan 86
Tshona (Wenlang)son⁵⁵ po⁵⁵suffix ‘alive’Lu 86 CuoM
Tshona (Mama)søn⁵⁵ ‘alive’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 781.6
Tshona (Mama)søn⁵⁵ mo⁵³suffix ‘live (huó)’Sun H 80 MLD
Cuona Menbasøn⁵⁵po⁵³suffix v.‘alive, become / active’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1396.06

2.1.2.1Tibetan10

Tibetan (Amdo:Zeku)ɣsom◦bomorpheme ‘alive’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 781.5
Tibetan (Jirel)'som◦noqmorpheme adj‘alive (human)’Hale 73 CSD: 12a.08
Tibetan (Lhasa)sø̃⁵⁵ v.‘alive, become / active’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1396.02
Tibetan (Lhasa)sø̃⁵⁵pa⁵³suffix ‘alive’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 781.2
Spitison◦pomorpheme/son◦pomorpheme dicemorpheme ‘alive / be living’Bodh 91: 1.12
Tibetan (Written)gson pasuffix ‘alive’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 781.1
Tibetan (Written)gson-pasuffix v‘live, be alive’Jäschke 1881: 591

2.1.4Tamangish7

Tamang (Sahu)'so-pasuffix v.‘live’Taylor 72 TmVo: 13.B.32
Tamang (Sahu)som◦posuffix n‘life’Hale 73 CSD: 10a.12
Tamang (Sahu)som◦posuffix ‘life’Taylor 72 TmVo: 10.12
Tamang (Sahu)som◦posuffix adj.‘live’Taylor 72 TmVo: 12.A.9
Thakali (Syang)⁵⁵'⁴⁴so-basuffix ‘live’Mazaudon 94 These: 962

2.3.1Eastern Kiranti2

Limbusoːm◦masuffix ‘lung’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 114

3.2Qiangic1

Qiang (Mawo)χsəs ‘alive / be living’This Qiang Mawo form bears a superficial resemblance to Chepang and Magar sās, although the latter two are undoubtedly borrowings from IA (cf. Sanskrit śvas-). The initial velar spirants in the Qiang Mawo and Ergong forms seem cognate to the prefixal g- in WT.Sun H 91 MawQ: 1.12

3.3rGyalrongic1

Ergong (Northern)χsən⁵³ pə³³morpheme ‘alive / be living’Sun H 91 ErNQ: 1.12

3.3.1rGyalrong41

rGyalrong (Lixian Ganbao)'saŋ◦simorpheme v‘breathe’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 0047
rGyalrong (Maerkang Songgang Zhibo)naprefix◦soŋ◦'simorpheme v‘breathe’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 0047
rGyalrong (Xiaojin Bajiao)nəprefix◦soŋ◦'simorpheme v‘breathe’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 0047
rGyalrong (Jinchuan Hedong)soŋ³so⁵³morpheme v‘breathe’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 0047
rGyalrong (Xiaojin Fubian)soŋ◦'simorpheme v‘breathe’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 0047
rGyalrongtaprefix soŋ simorpheme v.‘breathe’Dai 89 Jiar: 9.2.1
rGyalrongtaprefix soŋ simorpheme kamorpheme lɛtmorpheme v.‘pant’Dai 89 Jiar: 9.2.2
rGyalrong (Maerkang Soman)taprefix-soŋ simorpheme v‘breathe’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 0047
rGyalrong (Jinchuan Sawajiao)taprefix◦'soŋ◦simorpheme v‘breathe’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 0047
rGyalrong (Lixian Putou)taprefix◦'soŋ◦soŋ◦kalatmorpheme v‘breathe’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 0047
rGyalrong (Heishui Luhua)taprefix◦soŋ◦'simorpheme v‘breathe’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 0047
rGyalrong (Heishui Shashiduo)taprefix◦soŋ◦'simorpheme v‘breathe’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 0047
rGyalrong (Hongyuan Rangkou Jiadang)taprefix◦soŋ◦'simorpheme v‘breathe’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 0047
rGyalrong (Hongyuan Shuajinsi Selong)taprefix◦soŋ◦'simorpheme v‘breathe’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 0047
rGyalrong (Jinchuan Jimu Zhouchan)taprefix◦soŋ◦'simorpheme v‘breathe’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 0047
rGyalrong (Jinchuan Kalajiao)taprefix◦soŋ◦'simorpheme v‘breathe’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 0047
rGyalrong (Maerkang Soman Seermi)taprefix◦soŋ◦'simorpheme v‘breathe’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 0047
rGyalrong (Maerkang Zhuokeji Xisuo)taprefix◦soŋ◦'simorpheme v‘breathe’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 0047
rGyalrong (Lixian Guergou)taprefix◦soŋ◦'səmorpheme v‘breathe’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 0047
rGyalrong (Lixian Jiabi)taprefix◦soŋ◦'səmorpheme v‘breathe’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 0047
rGyalrong (Maerkang Jiamuzu Konglong)taprefix◦soŋ◦simorpheme v‘breathe’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 0047
rGyalrong (Jinchuan Maori Maori)taprefix◦soŋ◦səkamorpheme◦'latmorpheme v‘breathe’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 0047
rGyalrong (Lixian Miyalo)taprefix◦səŋ◦'somorpheme v‘breathe’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 0047
rGyalrong (Ganzi Danba Badi)tə3morpheme'soŋ5sə53morpheme v‘breathe’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 0047
rGyalrong (Jinchuan Wanlin Xilizhai)tə³prefixsoŋ³si⁵morpheme v‘breathe’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 0047
rGyalrong (Jinchuan Manai Genza)tə³prefixsoŋ³sə³morpheme v‘breathe’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 0047
rGyalrong (Jinchuan Cengda)tə³prefixsoŋ³sə⁵³morpheme v‘breathe’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 0047
rGyalrong (Lixian Xiameng Xiaogoucun)tə¹prefixsaŋ¹si¹morpheme v‘breathe’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 0047
rGyalrong (Jinchuan Maerbang)təprefix◦soŋ◦'samorpheme v‘breathe’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 0047
rGyalrong (Xiaojin Jiesi)təprefix◦soŋ◦'simorpheme v‘breathe’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 0047
rGyalrong (Xiaojin Mupo)təprefix◦soŋ◦'simorpheme v‘breathe’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 0047
rGyalrong (Ganzi Danba Taipingqiao)təprefix◦soŋ◦'sjemorpheme v‘breathe’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 0047
rGyalrong (Lixian Xinglong Kechun)təprefix◦soŋ◦'səmorpheme v‘breathe’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 0047
rGyalrong (Eastern)təprefix◦soŋ◦simorpheme v‘breathe’Sun H 91 rEQ: 9.2.1
rGyalrong (Eastern)təprefix◦soŋ◦simorpheme kɐjtsʰitsʰəmorpheme v‘pant’Sun H 91 rEQ: 9.2.2
rGyalrong (Jinchuan Dusong)ə³prefixsoŋ¹si⁵morpheme v‘breathe’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 0047
rGyalrongtaprefix song semorpheme v‘breathe’Nagano 97 GyQ: 9.2.1
rGyalrongtaprefix song semorpheme kamorpheme letmorpheme v‘pant’Nagano 97 GyQ: 9.2.2

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #77, *g/m-swan ‘BREATH(E) / LIVE’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/77
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-77,
  title  = {{*g/m-swan 'BREATH(E) / LIVE'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #77},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/77}
}