STEDT
The Body  ›  Mouth and Throat  ›  Mouth  ›  Yawn/Gape
STEDT #1716

*ha-y

YAWN
Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

handlehVinitialhrhymeVcoverH · V

Intermediate reconstructions

Central Naga (Ao Group)*xa ‘YAWN (v.)’PCN #017

Notes

The reflexes show a certain amount of vocalic variation, only to be expected in such a sound-symbolic root.

There is a similar root #1715 PTB *m-ha(ː)m ⪤ *kam YAWN, which should be kept distinct, since some languages (Nocte, Tangsa, Tamang) have compounds containing both etyma.

Several forms reflect a diphthongal rhyme *-ay, either directly (Tangsa, Lalung, Thakali, Lahu) or indirectly via a fronted vowel (Apatani, Chokri, Karbi).

Reflexes & cognates70 reflexes · 20 subgroups

1.1.1.1Western Tani3

Apatanigemorpheme-he ‘yawn’Sun J 93 Tani
Apatanigemorpheme-he ‘yawn’Sun J 93 Tani
Apatani²gemorpheme◦²he (²) ‘yawn’Weidert 87 TBTo: 981

1.2.1.1Northern Chin1

Thadohào ‘yawn’Thirumalai 72: 56

1.2.3Maraic2

Lakher [Mara]pāmorpheme-hā v‘yawn’VanBik 09 PKC: 747
Lakher [Mara]²pəmorpheme²ha v.‘yawn’Weidert 87 TBTo: 74

1.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group8

Chokrikü³¹morpheme ha³³ v‘yawn’Nienu 90 ChoQ: 3.7.16
Chokri²kɤmorpheme⁵he v.‘yawn’Weidert 87 TBTo: 74
Chokri²kɤmorpheme⁵he ‘yawn’Weidert 87 TBTo: 981
Khezha²eprefix²xa v.‘yawn’Weidert 87 TBTo: 484
Mao¹aprefix⁴ha ‘yawn’Weidert 87 TBTo: 981
Mao¹aprefix⁵ha v.‘yawn’Weidert 87 TBTo: 484
Sema [Sumi]imorpheme◦hu v‘yawn’Achumi 98: 3.7.16

1.5Mikir [Karbi]2

Mikir [Karbi]komorpheme◦hè- v.‘gape / open mouth’Grüssner 79 BP: 48
Mikir [Karbi]komorpheme◦hè- v.‘yawn’Grüssner 79 BP: 48

1.7.1.1Bodo1

Lalung [Tiwa]hai◦ommorpheme komorpheme◦namorpheme v.‘yawn / gape’Balawan 65: 89

1.7.1.3Koch1

Atongha◦jammorpheme- v‘yawn’van Breugel 08 Atong

2.3.1Eastern Kiranti2

Yakhaha◦baŋmorpheme◦bamorpheme-thakmorpheme◦mamorpheme v.‘yawn’Weidert 87 TBTo: 74
Yakhaha◦kɔmmorpheme◦bamorpheme takmorpheme◦mamorpheme◦namorpheme v‘yawn’Kohn 90: 3.7.16

3.2Qiangic15

Ersudɑ³³prefix xɑ⁵⁵ ‘gape / open mouth’Sun H 91 ErsQ
Ersuxɑ⁵⁵ ŋ̩⁵⁵morpheme ‘yawn’Sun H 91 ErsQ
Guiqionghø³³ hø⁵⁵ bi⁵⁵morpheme ‘yawn’Sun H 91 GuiQ
Guiqionghə³¹hə⁵⁵bi³⁵morpheme v.‘yawn’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1243.16
Lyuzuxa³⁵ mu³³morpheme v.‘yawn’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1243.18
Muyaχɑ⁵³ nɐ³³morphemetɕə⁵⁵morphemetɕi³³morpheme v.‘yawn’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1243.15
Namuyilo³³morphemexa³⁵ v.‘gape / open mouth’Sun H 91 NamQ: 3.7.15
Namuyixa⁵⁵xa⁵⁵mɯ⁵⁵morpheme v.‘yawn’Sun H 91 NamQ: 3.7.16
Namuyiχa⁵⁵χa⁵⁵ ŋu⁵³morpheme v.‘yawn’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1243.46
Pumi (Jiulong)xɑ¹¹xe¹¹morpheme v.‘yawn’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1243.10
Qiang (Longxi)hà há pùmorpheme ‘yawn (onomat)’Evans 99 Qiang: 1785
Qiang (Mianchi)χà púmorpheme ‘yawn [b?-do]’Evans 99 Qiang: 1785
Xumidʑi³³morpheme hɑ³⁵ ‘gape / open mouth’Sun H 91 ShiQ
Xumiha³³ji⁵⁵morpheme tɕhũ⁵⁵morpheme v.‘yawn’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1243.17
Zhaba (Daofu County)ha¹³ mu⁵⁵morphemetʂe³³morpheme v.‘yawn’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1243.14

6.1.1Burmish3

Lashixɔ:⁵³ v.‘gape / open mouth’Dai 89 Lash: 3.7.15
Maru [Langsu]xa³⁵ v.‘gape / open mouth’Dai 89 Lang: 3.7.15

6.1.2Loloish2

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish5

Gazhuoxa²⁴ ji³¹morpheme m³³morpheme v.‘yawn’Dai 89 Gazh: 3.7.16
Laloxɑ⁵⁵ u²¹morpheme ʂa³³morpheme v.‘yawn’Chen 86 Yi: 3.7.16
Nusu (Central)xɑ³³ tʂɯ̱⁵³morpheme ‘yawn’Dai 89 NusB: 1723.
Nusu (Central/Zhizhiluo)xɑ³¹ tɕɯ̱³¹morpheme ‘yawn’Dai 89 NusA: 1723.
Yi (Xide)ha³⁴-ʂɯ³³morpheme ‘yawn’Chen 79 YiCh

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #1716, *ha-y ‘YAWN’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/1716
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-1716,
  title  = {{*ha-y 'YAWN'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #1716},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/1716}
}