STEDT
Verbs of Motion, of Manipulation, and of Production  ›  Striking, hitting verbs
STEDT #1799

*twak

BITE / CHEW / PECK AT / HOOK ONTO
Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

handletokinitialtrhymeokcoverT · T

Notes

STC suggests a connection between this root and #601 PTB *m/s-tuːk SPIT, a key form being Karbi iŋ-tok ‘to spit, dart, peck, bite (as a snake), spittle’. For now, however, we are treating #601 PTB *m/s-tuːk SPIT as a separate etymon.

This root is very likely related to #2709 PTB *m/r-tuk CUT / KNOCK / POUND.

Chinese comparandum

Comment: Cf. the etyma 觸 chù ‘butt, knock against’, 椓 zhuó ‘beat, strike’, and 啄 zhuó ‘peck’, members of a larger set of comparanda for #2709 PTB *m/r-tuk CUT / KNOCK / POUND, q.v.

Reflexes & cognates41 reflexes · 11 subgroups

1.1.2Deng3

Idutʰu⁵⁵ v‘bite’Sun H 91 IduQ: 3.10.7
Idutʰu⁵⁵gɹe⁵⁵morpheme v‘hold in mouth’Sun H 91 IduQ: 3.7.14
Idutʰu◦gasuffix ‘bite’Pulu 78

1.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)2

Ao (Chungli)mə³tʃi³ v.‘peck, bite’Bruhn 14 PCN: II.196
Lotha Nagan̩¹prefix-tʃə³- v.‘peck (of bird), bite (of snake)’Bruhn 14 SuppCN

1.7.2.2Konyak-Chang2

Changtak v‘bite’Marrison 67 Naga
Changtak v.‘bite’French 83: 557

2.3.2Southern Kiranti1

Chamlingdhyok- ‘bite / sting (snake)’Winter 85: 12

3.2Qiangic7

Ersuhtɑ³³ htɑ⁵⁵ ‘chew’Sun H 91 ErsQ
Ersuhtɑ³³htɑ⁵⁵ ‘chew’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 536.18
Lyuzuna³³morphemeta⁵³ta³³ v.‘chew’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1424.18
Namuyinthɛ³⁵ ‘bite’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 535.19
Namuyintʰɛ³⁵ v.‘bite’Sun H 91 NamQ: 3.10.7
Namuyimi³³morphementhæ³⁵ v.‘bite (mosquito)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1279.46
Namuyimi³¹morphementhæ³⁵ v.‘bite’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1753.46

6.1Lolo-Burmese1

*Lolo-Burmesemprefix-tukᴴ ‘peck / strike / hook onto’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 615

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish2

Yi (Nanjian)tʰo³³ ‘bite’Chen 85 YiJZ
Yi (Xide)tʰu̱³³ ‘bite’Chen 79 YiCh

6.1.2.2Central Loloish13

Jinuothɐ⁵⁵ ‘bite’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 535.34
Jinuo (Youle)tʰə⁵⁵ ‘bite’Gai 86
Jinuo (Baya/Banai)tʰʌ⁵⁵ ‘bite, sting (mosquito)’Dai 89 JinA: 1828
Jinuo (Baka)tʰʌ⁵⁵ ‘bite, sting (mosquito)’Dai 89 JinB: 1828
Jinuo (Baka)tʰʌ⁵⁵ ‘bite’Dai 89 JinB: 2521
Jinuo (Baya/Banai)tʰʌ⁵⁵ kʰa³¹morpheme ‘bite hold of’Dai 89 JinA: 2522
Jinuo (Baka)tʰʌ⁵⁵ kʰa³¹morpheme ‘bite hold of’Dai 89 JinB: 2522
Lahu (Lancang)thɔ⁵³ v.‘pulse / beat’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1679.43
Lahu (Lancang)thɔ⁵⁴ v.‘knock / strike’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1571.43
Lahu (Black)thɔ̂ʔ ‘peck; strike with curved instru-’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 338
Lahu (Black)thɔ̂ʔ ‘peck (as fowl) / strike (as snake)’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 15

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish6

Bisuthə̀ ‘bite’Beaudouin 88 Bisu: 28
Bisuthɤ̀ v‘bite’Bradley 9x Bisu
Hani (Caiyuan)tʰɔ̱³¹ ‘bite’Li Yongsui 86 Hani
Côông [Phunoi]tʰe³³ ce³³morpheme ‘bite’Bradley xx Phu

6.2Naxi4

Na (Yongning)ʈʰæ˧˥ v.‘bite’Michaud 06 NaLaze
Naxi (Eastern)tʰa³³ ‘bite’He 85

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #1799, *twak ‘BITE / CHEW / PECK AT / HOOK ONTO’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/1799
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-1799,
  title  = {{*twak 'BITE / CHEW / PECK AT / HOOK ONTO'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #1799},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/1799}
}