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STEDT #601

*m/s-tuːk

SPIT
Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

handletuːkinitialtrhymeu(ː)k ~coverT · T

Intermediate reconstructions

Karenic*thuᴬ ‘SPIT (v.)’TL#270

Connections

HPTB*m/s-tuːk ‘spit / spew’pp. 117, 359, 360

Notes

STC suggests a connection between this root and #1799 PTB *twak BITE / CHEW / PECK AT / HOOK ONTO, a key form being Karbi iŋ-tok ‘to spit, dart, peck, bite (as a snake), spittle’. For now, however, we are treating #1799 PTB *twak BITE / CHEW / PECK AT / HOOK ONTO as a separate etymon.

Reflexes & cognates91 reflexes · 21 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)8

*Tibeto-Burmanm-tuk ⪤ *s-tuuk ⪤ s-duuk ‘spit, vomit’LaPolla 87: 45
*Tibeto-Burmanm/s-tuːk ‘spit / spew’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 615

1.2.2Central Chin1

1.5Mikir [Karbi]10

Mikir [Karbi]ingprefix◦thok v‘spit’Marrison 67 Naga
Mikir [Karbi]ingprefix◦thok ‘spittle / saliva’Matisoff 87 BP
Mikir [Karbi]ingprefix◦thòk- ‘saliva’Grüssner 79 BP: 23
Mikir [Karbi]ingprefix◦thòk- v.‘spit’Grüssner 79 BP: 23
Mikir [Karbi]ingprefix◦thòk- v.‘bite’Grüssner 79 BP: 23
Mikir [Karbi]iŋprefix◦thòk v.‘spit’Weidert 87 TBTo: 962
Mikir [Karbi]iŋprefix◦thok ‘spit, dart, peck, bite, spittle’Benedict 72 STC: 58n189
Mikir [Karbi]iŋprefix◦tok ‘spit, vomit’LaPolla 87: 45
Mikir [Karbi]iŋprefix◦tok ‘spit’Benedict 72 STC: 58n190
Mikir [Karbi]iŋprefix◦tok ‘spit, spittle’Benedict 72 STC: 75n231

1.7.1.2Garo3

Garostu-asuffix v.‘spit’Weidert 87 TBTo: 304

1.7.1.3Koch1

1.7.2Northern Naga/Konyakian1

*Northern Nagatʰoːk v.‘spit’French 83: 557

1.7.2.2Konyak-Chang5

Changtòk v.‘spit’Weidert 87 TBTo: 962
Changtok v‘spit’French 83: 557
Changuyokmorpheme-tok v‘spit’Marrison 67 Naga
Konyak (Tamlu)tʌmorpheme◦lók ‘saliva’Weidert 87 TBTo: 682

2.1.3Lepcha4

Lepchadyuk ‘spittle’Matisoff 87 BP
Lepchatyak ‘spit, vomit’LaPolla 87: 45
Lepchatyuk ‘spit’Matisoff 87 BP

2.1.4Tamangish6

Chantyalthuk◦kimorpheme-wamorpheme v‘spit’Noonan 92: 3.7.11
Gurung (Ghachok)tuq ‘spittle / saliva’Matisoff 87 BP
Gurung (Ghachok)tuq wāːmorpheme◦bāqsuffix v.‘spit’Matisoff 87 BP
Gurung (Ghachok)tuq waːmorpheme◦baqsuffix v.‘spit’Glover 72 GuVo: 2.B.2.6

2.3Kiranti1

2.3.1Eastern Kiranti4

Limbuth'weːt ‘saliva’morpheme · morphemeMichailovsky 91 Kr: 147
Limbuthoːkt- v.‘spit at a distance’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 167
Limbuthoː◦weːt ‘saliva’morpheme · morphemeMichailovsky 91 Kr: 147
Yakhathoːk◦maːsuffix v‘spit’Kohn 90: 3.7.11

2.3.2Southern Kiranti6

BantawaThuk v.‘spit’Rai 85 BnDs
Bantawathukt- v.t.‘spit / spatter’Rai 84 BnDc: 71
Bantawathungs- v.t.‘spit’Rai 84 BnDc: 71
Kulungthu◦wasuffix ‘saliva’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 147
Kulungthu◦wasuffix ‘saliva’Rai 75 Kul

2.3.3Central Kiranti3

Khalingkhimorpheme thu-nesuffix v.‘spit’Matisoff 87 BP
Khalingkhimorpheme ◦thu-◦ v.‘spit’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 146
Khaling√thukt- v.‘spit (spit)’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 167

2.3.4Western Kiranti8

Bahingtok-simorpheme ‘spittle / saliva’Matisoff 87 BP
Bahingtok◦sosuffix ‘spit’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 167
Hayutok vtt, vr‘swallow, spit’Michailovsky 89 H2: 84.55
Hayutok- v.‘spit, to swallow’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 167
Sunwar'toːk-simorpheme- v.‘spit’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 167
Sunwar'toːk-simorpheme-cāmorpheme v.‘spit’Matisoff 87 BP
Sunwar√ᴴtok- v.‘spit’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 167

2.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1

Magarthuk-kemorpheme v.‘spit’Matisoff 87 BP

3.1Tangut1

Tangut [Xixia](h)tɪ̯ụ¹ ‘saliva’Sofronov 97

4Nungic11

Rawangduʔ ɛ³³morpheme vi.‘throw up/vomit’LaPolla 03: 1385
Nungɖuŋ⁵⁵ɛ³¹morpheme v.‘throw up / vomit’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1535.21
Anongɖuŋ⁵⁵ɛ³¹morpheme ‘vomit’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 543.44
Dulongduʔ⁵⁵ v.‘throw up / vomit’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1535.20
Trung [Dulong]du⁴⁴ n‘vomit’Matisoff 87 BP
Trung [Dulong] (Dulonghe)duʔ⁵⁵ ‘spit, vomit’LaPolla 87: 45
Trung [Dulong] (Nujiang)duʔ⁵⁵ ‘spit, vomit’LaPolla 87: 45

6.1.1Burmish2

Bolatauʔ³¹ ‘vomit’Dai 89 Bola: 2117
Maru [Langsu]tauk ‘spit, vomit’LaPolla 87: 45

7Karenic22

*Karenbprefix-thoʔ v.‘spit’Weidert 87 TBTo: 962
*Karentho B v.‘spit’Weidert 87 TBTo: 962
*Karenthuᴬ v.‘spit’[Source note] N. Sgaw has an irregular tone, i.e. tone D, while the rest has tone A.Luangthongkum 13: 270
Bwethᴜ̀-ʔwɪ́morpheme v.‘spit’Weidert 87 TBTo: 962
Kayahthu³³ v.‘spit’Luangthongkum 13: 270
Kayanthu⁵³ v.‘spit’Luangthongkum 13: 270
Pa-Opə̀ʔmorpheme◦thóʔ ‘spittle / saliva’Matisoff 87 BP
Pwo (Bassein)thò◦phlɛ̀ʔ#607 PTB *p-lay ‘SPIT’◦thìmorpheme ‘spittle / saliva’Matisoff 87 BP
Pwo (Moulmein)thóʔ◦phlàiʔ#607 PTB *p-lay ‘SPIT’◦thìmorpheme ‘spittle / saliva’Matisoff 87 BP
Sgaw (Northern)thuɁ⁴⁵ v.‘spit’Luangthongkum 13: 270
Sgaw (Bassein)thò◦plè#607 PTB *p-lay ‘SPIT’◦thímorpheme ‘spittle / saliva’Matisoff 87 BP
Sgaw (Moulmein)thóʔ◦pɣɛ̀#607 PTB *p-lay ‘SPIT’◦thímorpheme ‘spittle / saliva’Matisoff 87 BP

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #601, *m/s-tuːk ‘SPIT’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/601
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: cf. STC pp. 58, 75, 126, 132, 146; HPTB pp. 117, 359, 360
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-601,
  title  = {{*m/s-tuːk 'SPIT'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #601},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/601}
}