STEDT
Verbs of Motion, of Manipulation, and of Production  ›  Striking, hitting verbs
STEDT #2709

*m/r-tuk

CUT / KNOCK / POUND
Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

handletukinitialtrhymeukcoverT · T

Intermediate reconstructions

Tani*tək ‘CUT UP / MINCE’JS-HCST: 220
Kuki-Chin*tuu-I, tuk-II ‘STRIKE / FIGHT’PKC #235
Tangkhulic*tɐk ‘GRIND / POUND / CRUSH’DRM#580
Lolo-Burmese*ʔtök ‘CUT BY A BLOW / HACK AWAY AT’
Lolo-Burmese*Ntök ‘CUT BY A BLOW / HACK AWAY AT’

Connections

HPTB*tuk ‘cut / knock’p. 357

Notes

This root is very likely related to #1799 PTB *twak BITE / CHEW / PECK AT / HOOK ONTO, as well as to #296 PTB *r-duŋ BEAT / STRIKE / POUND / FLOG.

Chinese comparandum

擣 OC *tôg, GSR #1090r ‘beat; pound (as of rice)’; Schuessler 2007:207 *tûʔ; B & S 2011: (*tˁuʔ); Mand. dǎo.
殊 OC *t̑i̯u, GSR #128s ‘cut off; die’; Schuessler 2007:470 *do; B & S 2011: *do {[d]o}; Mand. shū.

祝 OC *t̑i̯ok, GSR #1025a-e ‘cut off’; Schuessler 2007:628-9 *tuk; B & S 2011: *tuk ; Mand. zhù.
斵/斫 OC *t̑i̯ɑk, GSR #795k ‘chop, carve, chisel, break open’; Schuessler 2007:631 *tauk; B & S 2011: *tak; Mand. zhuó.
觸 OC *t̑’i̯uk, GSR #1224g ‘butt, knock against’; Schuessler 2007:194 *thok; B & S 2011: *tʰok; Mand. chù.

椓 OC *tŭk, GSR #1218c ‘beat, strike’; Schuessler 2007:626 *trôk; B & S 2011: (*tˁrok); Mand. zhuó.
啄 OC *tŭk~*tuk, GSR #1218b ‘peck’; Schuessler 2007:626 *trôk; B & S 2011: *mə‑tˁ‹r›ok; Mand. zhuó.
斀 OC *tŭk, GSR #1224o ‘castrate’; Schuessler 2007:626 *trôk; B & S 2011: (*tˁrok); Mand. zhuó~zhú.

誅 OC *ti̯u, GSR #128k ‘reprove, punish; kill’; Schuessler 2007:470 *tro; B & S 2011: *tro; Mand. zhū.
咮 OC *tu~*t̑i̯əu, GSR #128u ‘beak; peck’; Schuessler 2007:193 *troh; B & S 2011: (*tro-s); Mand. zhòu.
啄 OC *tŭk~*tuk, GSR #1218b ‘beak’; Schuessler 2007:626 *tô(k)s > *tôh ~ *troh; B & S 2011: (*mə‑tˁ‹r›ok-s); Mand. zhòu.
斸 OC *ti̯uk, GSR #1224t ‘cut, cut out’; Schuessler 2007:626 *trok; Mand. zhǔ.

Reflexes & cognates58 reflexes · 24 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)3

*Tibeto-Burmantuk ‘cut / knock / pound’Benedict 72 STC: 387

1.1.1Tani1

*Tanitək ‘cut up / mince’Sun J 93 HCST: 93

1.1.1.1Western Tani7

Bengnitɯk-mɯkmorpheme ‘cut up / mince’Sun J 93 HCST
Bengnitɯk-mɯkmorpheme ‘mince’Sun J 93 Tani
Bokartək makmorpheme v.‘chop / cut (meat)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1296.24
Bokartək-makmorpheme ‘cut up / mince’Sun J 93 HCST
Bokartək-makmorpheme ‘mince’Sun J 93 Tani
Bokar Lhobatək makmorpheme ‘mince (meat) with knife’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 635.51
Galotəg◦namsuffix vt.‘mince’GLDC 09 Galo

1.1.1.2Eastern Tani2

Damutək-ramorpheme ‘mince’Sun J 93 Tani

1.2Kuki-Chin1

*Chintuu-I, tuk-II ‘STRIKE / FIGHT’VanBik 09 PKC: 235

1.2.1.1Northern Chin1

Sizangtū hī ‘hit (with fist)’VanBik 09 PKC: 235

1.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin2

Cho (Mindat)tuk v‘fight, to engage s.o. in fighting’VanBik 09 PKC: 235

1.2.2Central Chin2

Lai (Hakha)tǔu-I, tuk-II v‘strike, to fight’VanBik 09 PKC: 235

1.2.3Maraic1

Lakher [Mara]tū v‘fight, to hit’VanBik 09 PKC: 235

1.3.4Tangkhulic3

*Tangkhulictɐk ‘grind / pound / crush’Mortensen 12 Tk: 580
Kachaikəmorpheme-tɐk ‘pound / crush’Mortensen 12 Tk: Verbs.056
Ukhrulkəmorpheme-tɐk ‘grind, crush’Mortensen 12 Tk

1.7.1Bodo-Garo1

1.7.1.1Bodo1

Dimasado ‘knock, hit down, hammer down, stamp’Benedict 72 STC: 387

1.7.1.2Garo1

Garodok ⪤ dak ‘knock, hit down, hammer down, stamp’Benedict 72 STC: 387

1.7.3.1Jingpho2

Jingphoahprefix◦tawk v‘touch’Marrison 67 Naga
Jingphokəprefix◦thòk ‘strike lightly’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 338

2.1.2.1Tibetan2

Tibetan (Written)rdug-pasuffix ‘conquer / vanquish / strike against / stumble at’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 363
Tibetan (Written)thogs-pasuffix v.‘strike, stumble, run against’Jäschke 1881: 238

2.1.3Lepcha1

Lepchatyók ‘come into collision with, hit against, knock against (as egg in breaking)’Benedict 72 STC: 387

2.3.2Southern Kiranti1

BantawaDhok v‘cut (axe)’Rai 85 BnDs

6.1Lolo-Burmese2

*Lolo-BurmeseNtök ‘cut by a blow / hack away at’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 101(a)
*Lolo-Burmeseʔtök ‘cut by a blow / hack away at’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 101(b)

6.1.1Burmish3

Burmese (Written)tauk ‘fillip; cut by a single, light blow’Benedict 72 STC: 387
Langsu (Luxi)thuk⁵⁵ ‘jab / poke / stab’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1221.31

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish5

Yi (Xide)ndu²¹ ‘beat / thump’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1220.35
Yi (Xide)ndu²¹ ‘hit (a person)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1228.35
Yi (Xide)ndu²¹ v.‘strike (the table)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1540.35
Yi (Xide)ndu²¹ v.‘knock / strike’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1571.35
Yi (Xide)ndu²¹ ‘hit / beat’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 710.21

6.1.2.2Central Loloish20

Lahudɔ̂ʔ ‘hit, beat’Benedict 72 STC: 387
Lahu (Lancang)dɔ⁵⁴ ‘hit (a person)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1228.43
Lahu (Black)dɔ̂ʔ ‘beat (esp. with stick)’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 101(a)
Lahu (Black)dɔ⁵⁴ ‘strike (iron)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 589.33
Lahu (Black)dɔ⁵⁴ ‘hit / beat’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 710.33
Lahu (Black)nīmorpheme-šīmorpheme dɔ̂ʔ vemorpheme v.‘castrate (cattle) by beating the testicles to a pulp’Matisoff 88 DL: 721
Lahu (Black)tɔ̂ʔ ‘cut (blow) / hack’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 349
Lahu (Black)tɔ̂ʔ ‘cut (esp. with machete)’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 101(b)
Lahu (Black)tɔ̂ʔ-nɛ̂ʔmorpheme ‘cut up fine’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 158(b)
Lahu (Yellow)dɔ⁶ ‘strike / hit’Chang 86
Lahu (Yellow)dɔ⁶ ‘hit / beat’Chang 86
Lisuhtaw2 ‘peck (as fowl) / strike (as snake)’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 15
Lisu (Central)htaw² v.‘peck’Fraser 22
Lisutho³⁵ v.‘peck at (rice; of a chicken)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1814.40
Lisu (Northern)thɔ³⁵ V‘peck; bite’Bradley 94 Lisu
Sani [Nyi]tho⁴⁴ ‘peck’Chen 86 CS: 155.
Sani [Nyi]tʰo̱⁴⁴ ‘peck (bird), bite (snake)’Wu 84: 74.1
Sani [Nyi]tʻu 44 ‘peck (as fowl) / strike (as snake)’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 15

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish1

Akhato HS ~ dɔ̀q ‘peck (as fowl) / strike (as snake)’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 15

9.0.1Old Chinese3

Chinese (Old/Mid)tŭk/t̑ɑ̊k- ‘beat, strike; castrate; eunuch’Karlgren 57 GSR: 1218c
Chinese (Old/Mid)tŭk/t̑ɑ̊k- ‘castrate’Karlgren 57 GSR: 1224o
Chinese (Old)trjuk ‘pound / beat’Baxter 92: 250

9.0.3Modern Chinese1

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #2709, *m/r-tuk ‘CUT / KNOCK / POUND’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2709
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: cf. STC#387, HPTB pp.357, 363
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-2709,
  title  = {{*m/r-tuk 'CUT / KNOCK / POUND'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #2709},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2709}
}