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STEDT #2673

syaːl ⪤ syiːr

IRON

Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

handlesyi-prefixsinitials(y)rhymei-r=syiːcoverS · VLWS

Intermediate reconstructions

Kuki-Chin*thiir ‘IRON / METAL / STEEL’PKC #392

Central Naga (Ao Group)*jən ‘IRON’PCN #174

Tangkhulic*tʰir ‘IRON’DRM#673

Connections

HPTB*syaːl ⪤ *syiːr ‘iron’pp. 395, 409, 426, 506

Notes

Benedict (STC, n. 244, p. 80) suggests that the rhyme alternation in this root indicates that it is an old loanword from Austro-Tai. However, the alternation of -ya- and -i- is paralleled in a number of other roots, notably #33 PTB *s-myak ⪤ *s-mik EYE.

Reflexes & cognates54 reflexes · 16 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)2

*Tibeto-Burmans(y)i:r ‘iron’Benedict 72 STC: 372

*Tibeto-Burmansyaːl ⪤ syiːr ‘iron’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 613

1.2Kuki-Chin1

*Chinthiir ‘IRON / METAL / STEEL’VanBik 09 PKC: 392

1.2.1.1Northern Chin8

Paitesiik ‘iron’VanBik 09 PKC: 392

Sizangchīk ‘iron’VanBik 09 PKC: 392

Thadothîʔ ‘iron, metal’VanBik 09 PKC: 392

Thadothíʔ ‘iron’Thirumalai 72: 63

Thadothíʔ bòŋmorpheme ‘iron rod’Thirumalai 72: 25

Tiddimsiːk¹ ‘iron’VanBik 09 PKC: 392

Tiddimsiːk¹ ‘iron’Bhaskararao 96 CDB: 1594

Tiddimsiːk¹ seːk²morpheme ‘iron smith (si:k1 iron'; sek3 'hammer')’Bhaskararao 96 CDB: 1596

1.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin1

Ashonˊmorphemetʻiˊˊ ‘iron, metal’VanBik 09 PKC: 392

1.2.2Central Chin6

Lai (Falam)thíir ‘iron, steel, metal’VanBik 09 PKC: 392

Lai (Hakha)thîir ⪤ thîar ‘iron, steel, metal’VanBik 09 PKC: 392

Lushai [Mizo]thi-r ‘iron’Benedict 72 STC: 372

Lushai [Mizo]thǐir ‘iron, steel, metal’VanBik 09 PKC: 392

Lushai [Mizo]thîr ‘iron’Marrison 67 Naga

Lushai [Mizo]thiːr ‘iron’Bhaskararao 96 CDB: 1594

Ao (Chungli)yongmenmorpheme◦in ‘copper’Marrison 67 Naga

Ao (Mongsen: Longchang)aprefix◦yin ‘iron’Marrison 67 Naga

Ao (Mongsen: Longchang)yongmenmorpheme◦in ‘brass’Marrison 67 Naga

Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)[a]prefix-jin n.‘iron’Coupe 07 Ao

Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)in-tʃaŋ#3590 PTB *tsyaŋ ‘ROUND OBJECT / SEED / NUT / TESTICLE’PCN *tsaŋ ‘SEED, NUT’ n.‘bullet ('iron' + 'seed')’Coupe 07 Ao

Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)jùŋpə̀nmorpheme◦jin n.‘copper, brass’Coupe 07 Ao

Lotha Nagajon¹tʃak²#6365 PTB *l-tsyak ‘IRON / IRON INSTRUMENT’PKar *thaɁᴰ ‘IRON’PKar *th(á/a)ʔ ‘IRON / NEEDLE’ n.‘iron’Bruhn 14 PCN: III.174

Lotha Nagaun◦jak#6365 PTB *l-tsyak ‘IRON / IRON INSTRUMENT’PKar *thaɁᴰ ‘IRON’PKar *th(á/a)ʔ ‘IRON / NEEDLE’ ‘iron’Murry 78: 63

Lotha Nagayón̯◦cāk>#6365 PTB *l-tsyak ‘IRON / IRON INSTRUMENT’PKar *thaɁᴰ ‘IRON’PKar *th(á/a)ʔ ‘IRON / NEEDLE’ ‘iron’Acharya 75

Lotha Nagayon◦chak#6365 PTB *l-tsyak ‘IRON / IRON INSTRUMENT’PKar *thaɁᴰ ‘IRON’PKar *th(á/a)ʔ ‘IRON / NEEDLE’ ‘brass’Marrison 67 Naga

Lotha Nagayon◦chak#6365 PTB *l-tsyak ‘IRON / IRON INSTRUMENT’PKar *thaɁᴰ ‘IRON’PKar *th(á/a)ʔ ‘IRON / NEEDLE’ ‘copper’Marrison 67 Naga

Lotha Nagayon◦chak#6365 PTB *l-tsyak ‘IRON / IRON INSTRUMENT’PKar *thaɁᴰ ‘IRON’PKar *th(á/a)ʔ ‘IRON / NEEDLE’ ‘iron’Marrison 67 Naga

Lotha Nagayon◦jak#6365 PTB *l-tsyak ‘IRON / IRON INSTRUMENT’PKar *thaɁᴰ ‘IRON’PKar *th(á/a)ʔ ‘IRON / NEEDLE’ ‘iron’Murry 78: 63

Lotha Naga¹yun-⁽²⁾džak#6365 PTB *l-tsyak ‘IRON / IRON INSTRUMENT’PKar *thaɁᴰ ‘IRON’PKar *th(á/a)ʔ ‘IRON / NEEDLE’ ‘iron’Weidert 87 TBTo: 435

Sangtami◦thsemorpheme ‘iron’Kumar 73 Sang

Sangtami◦thsemorpheme ‘iron’Marrison 67 Naga

Sangtamri◦chemorpheme ‘iron’Marrison 67 Naga

Yacham-Tengsayin ‘iron’Marrison 67 Naga

Yimchungrüin◦chimorpheme ‘iron’Marrison 67 Naga

Yimchungrü²yin◦²tšimorpheme [²] ‘iron’Weidert 87 TBTo: 435

1.3.4Tangkhulic2

*Tangkhulictʰir ‘iron’Mortensen 12 Tk: 673

Tangkhul (Standard)tin ‘iron’Brown 37 Indo

1.7.1.1Bodo3

Bodosər ‘iron’Bhat 68 Boro

Dimasaśer ‘iron’Benedict 72 STC: 372

Dimasasher ‘iron’Marrison 67 Naga

1.7.1.2Garo2

Garosil ‘iron’Benedict 72 STC: 372

Garo (Bangladesh)sil n‘iron’Burling 03 Garo: 5.88-II:idx

1.7.1.3Koch1

Atongsyl n‘iron’van Breugel 08 Atong

2.1.5Dhimal1

Dhimalśir ‘iron’Benedict 72 STC: 372

2.3.3Central Kiranti2

Dumisel ‘iron’Benedict 72 STC: 80n244

Sampangsyel / sel ‘iron’Benedict 72 STC: 80n244

2.3.4Western Kiranti2

Bahingsya:l ‘iron’Benedict 72 STC: 80n244

Thulungsel ‘iron’Allen 75

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #2673, *syaːl ⪤ *syiːr ‘IRON’.

Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2673

Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].

References: cf. STC#372, HPTB pp.395, 409, 426, 506

BibTeX

@misc{stedt-2673,
  title  = {{*syaːl ⪤ *syiːr 'IRON'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #2673},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2673}
}

*syaːl ⪤ *syiːr