STEDT
Verbs of Motion, of Manipulation, and of Production  ›  Convergence
STEDT #2692

*g/l-t(y)ap

FOLD / REPEAT / LAYER / PILE UP
Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

handletapinitialtrhymeap=təp~dcoverT · T

Intermediate reconstructions

Kuki-Chin*thuaʔ ‘LAYER / FOLD’PKC #396
Kuki-Chin*khlep ‘FOLD’PKC #1287

Connections

HPTB*g/l-tap ‘fold / layer’pp. 336, 341

Notes

Several languages point to the presence of a palatal semivowel in this root (rGyalrongic, Tangkhulic, Atong, Anong, Tibetan), as well as in Chinese. WT shows clear-cut doublets with a ⪤ i vocalism, reflecting the presence or absence of the semivowel.

Chinese comparandum

摺 OC (*t̑i̯ɛp), GSR (not in #690) ‘fold’; Schuessler 2007:609 *tap; Mand. zhé.
褶 OC *dʻiəp, GSR #690b ‘double; lined (of garment)’; Schuessler 2007:213 *lêp; Mand. dié.
疊 OC *dʻiep or *dʻiəp, GSR #1255a-b ‘double; accumulate’; Schuessler 2007:213 *lêp; Mand. dié.

Comment: Schuessler (2007:213) cautions not to confuse the above etyma, 摺, 褶, and 疊, with another etymon, 牒 dié, ‘tablet; document, sheet’, a comparandum for #2432 PTB *lyap THIN / FLAT / FLAT OBJECT, q.v.

Reflexes & cognates115 reflexes · 24 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)2

*Tibeto-Burmang/l-tap ‘fold / layer’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 614

1.1.1.1Western Tani2

Bokartep v.‘fold up (a quilt)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1278.24
Galo`tum◦namsuffix vt.‘fold’GLDC 09 Galo

1.2Kuki-Chin2

*Chinkhlep ‘FOLD’VanBik 09 PKC: 1287
*Chinthuaʔ ‘LAYER / FOLD’VanBik 09 PKC: 396

1.2.1.1Northern Chin5

Paitethuah ‘layers’VanBik 09 PKC: 396
Thadohlèp ‘fold’VanBik 09 PKC: 1287
Tiddimkhep³ ‘fold’VanBik 09 PKC: 1287
Tiddimkhep³ ‘fold’Bhaskararao 94 TCV

1.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin1

Khumipóeliee ‘fold’VanBik 09 PKC: 1287

1.2.2Central Chin5

Lai (Falam)thùaʔ ‘layers’VanBik 09 PKC: 396
Lushai [Mizo]thlèp-I thlèh-II v‘fold, to fold up (as cloth, paper, etc)’VanBik 09 PKC: 1287
Lushai [Mizo]thùah n‘layer, a thickness, fold (as in thùah lì 'four fold')’VanBik 09 PKC: 396

1.3.4Tangkhulic2

Ukhrulkəprefix-tip ‘fold (cloth)’Mortensen 12 Tk

1.4Meithei1

Meitheitʰup◦cinbmorpheme v.‘fold’Abbi 85

1.7.1.3Koch1

Atongkhatmorpheme◦dep- v‘wrap, to wrap up, to fold’van Breugel 08 Atong

1.7.2Northern Naga/Konyakian1

*Northern Nagadəp v.‘repeat’French 83: 537

1.7.3.1Jingpho4

Jingphokă³¹prefix thap³¹ v.‘fold up (a quilt)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1278.19
Jingphokəprefix◦thàp ‘layer / fold / add / repeat’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 335
Jingphokəprefix◦thap ‘add, place one upon another; again and again’Benedict 72 STC
Jingphothap ‘layer’Benedict 72 STC

2.1.2Bodic1

Motuo Menbatap v.‘fold up (a quilt)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1278.07

2.1.2.1Tibetan11

Tibetan (Alike)rtep v.‘fold up (a quilt)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1278.05
Tibetan (Lhasa)tu¹³ v.‘fold up (a quilt)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1278.02
Tibetan (Lhasa)təp⁵² v.‘fold up (a quilt)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1278.02
Tibetan (Written)ldab-pasuffix ‘do again, repeat’Benedict 72 STC
Tibetan (Written)ldeb-pasuffix ‘bend round / back / double down’Chou 72: 1255a-b
Tibetan (Written)ldeb-pasuffix ‘bend round or back, double down’Benedict 72 STC
Tibetan (Written)ltab-masuffix n‘fold’Benedict 72 STC
Tibetan (Written)ltab-pasuffix ‘fold or gather up, lay or put together’Benedict 72 STC
Tibetan (Written)lteb-pasuffix ‘turn down, turn in’Benedict 72 STC
Tibetan (Written)thebs ‘series, order, succession’Benedict 72 STC
Tibetan (Xiahe)htep v.‘fold up (a quilt)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1278.04

2.1.4Tamangish2

Thakali (Tukche)tɔp-lɔmorpheme ‘fold over’Hari 71a ThVo: 7.B.3.24 2
Thakali (Tukche)tɔp-tɔp 'lɔmorpheme-lɔmorpheme ‘fold’Hari 71a ThVo: 7.B.3.23 2

3.3.1rGyalrong59

rGyalrong (Jinchuan Cengda)də³morphemekə³morphemeta³morphemertap̚⁵ v‘fold’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 1080
rGyalrong (Maerkang Dazang)kuwəɫmorpheme◦'təp̚ v‘fold’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 1080
rGyalrong (Maerkang)kɐprefix ltəp v.‘fold up (a quilt)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1278.11
Caodengkɐprefix-ltep v‘fold (paper)’Sun J 97 Cao
Caodengkɐprefix-zdep ‘fold (quilt; clothes)’Sun J 97 Cao
rGyalrong (Ganzi Danba Taipingqiao)noŋomorpheme◦'lte◦ltep v‘fold’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 1080
rGyalrong (Ganzi Danba Badi)to35prefix◦'rti5◦sej53morpheme v‘fold’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 1080
rGyalrong (Xiaojin Rilong)ˈkaprefix◦ʳciɛp̚ v‘fold’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 1080
rGyalrong (Ganzi Danba Bianer)tsʰəɫgəmorpheme◦'kaprefix◦tʰap◦simorpheme v‘fold’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 1080
rGBenzhenkɐprefix-rtəp ‘fold’Sun J 97 rGB

4Nungic3

Anongməprefix◦thip v‘fold’Benedict 72 STC: 119n330
Anongəŋprefix◦məprefix◦thip n‘fold’Benedict 72 STC: 119n330
Dulongmɯ³¹morphemedɛp⁵⁵ v.‘fold up (a quilt)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1278.20

6.1Lolo-Burmese1

6.1.1Burmish4

Achang (Longchuan)tɔp³⁵ v.‘fold up (a quilt)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1278.28
Achang (Xiandao)top⁵⁵ v.‘fold up (a quilt)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1278.29
Burmese (Written)thap ‘place one on another, add to; repeat, do again’Benedict 76 WBur
Burmese (Written)thap ‘place one on another, add to; repeat, do again’Benedict 72 STC

6.1.2Loloish2

*LoloishC-tapᴸ ‘repeat’Bradley 79 PLo: 676A

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish2

Yi (Nanhua)də̱³³ v.‘fold up (a quilt)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1278.37
Yi (Xide)te³³ v.‘fold up (a quilt)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1278.35

6.1.2.2Central Loloish5

Jinuoti⁴² v.‘fold up (a quilt)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1278.44
Lahu (Lancang)tɛ³³ v.‘fold up (a quilt)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1278.43
Lahu (Black)thôʔ ‘layer / fold / add / repeat’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 335
Lisu (Northern)de³³ V‘fold; pile up’Bradley 94 Lisu
Yi (Sani)tɤ⁴⁴ v.‘fold up (a quilt)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1278.39

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish3

Bisutop ‘fold’Bradley 9x Bisu
Mpituʔ³ ‘fold (as clothes)’Srinuan 76

6.1.2.4Southeastern Loloish2

Azhatɨ⁴⁴ ‘fold (paper)’Pelkey 11 Phula: 920
Hlepho Phowatɔ³³(-ʨʰi²¹morpheme) ‘fold (paper)’Pelkey 11 Phula: 920

9.0.1Old Chinese2

Chinese (Old/Mid)diəp ‘pile on; duplicate, repeat; fold’Benedict 72 STC
Chinese (Old/Mid)dʻiəp ‘pile on / duplicate / repeat / fold’Chou 72: 1255a-b

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #2692, *g/l-t(y)ap ‘FOLD / REPEAT / LAYER / PILE UP’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2692
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: cf. STC#493 (2nd of two occurrences of this number in the text, p. 184)
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-2692,
  title  = {{*g/l-t(y)ap 'FOLD / REPEAT / LAYER / PILE UP'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #2692},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2692}
}