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STEDT #303

*m-dz(y)u-k

BELONG / TRUST / DEPEND / ACCEPT / TAKE

Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

prefixminitialdz(y)rhymeu-k

Intermediate reconstructions

Central Naga (Ao Group)*ju ‘CARRY / PUT’tentative transcription; not in DWB-PCN

Lolo-Burmese*yu¹ ‘TAKE’STC p.60

Lolo-Burmese*džu² ‘LOOSE / SLACK’

Notes

This etymon was reconstructed in Matisoff 1989 “A new ST root *d-yu-k“. See also Matisoff 1988: 469 (“The Dictionary of Lahu”).

The presumed semantic development of this etymon is fairly complex. According to one scenario, the basic meaning would be TAKE / ACCEPT, whence it acquired the more abstract sense of RELY UPON / DEPEND, and from there, to the notion of HANGING LOOSELY (cf. English depend, from Latin pendere ‘to hang’). On the other hand, the semantic development might have been in exactly the opposite direction!

Reflexes & cognates75 reflexes · 16 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)2

*Tibeto-Burmanm-dz(y)u-k ‘belong / trust / depend / accept / take’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 589

*Tibeto-Burmanyu ‘take’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 620

1.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)4

Ao (Chungli)aprefix◦yu ‘put’Marrison 67 Naga

Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)ju v.‘carry [carried]’Coupe 07 Ao

Sangtamyo◦pomorpheme ‘put’Marrison 67 Naga

Yacham-Tengsayo◦bumorpheme ‘put’Marrison 67 Naga

1.7.3.1Jingpho2

Jingphomətšù ‘depend / rely’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 156

Jingphotšù ‘depend / rely’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 156

4Nungic2

Trung [Dulong]ɹɯ³¹kŭʔ⁵⁵morpheme ‘take back / put away’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 676.46

Trung [Dulong] (Nujiang)ɹŭʔ⁵⁵ ‘take back / put away’Sun H 82 Dul

6.1Lolo-Burmese1

*Lolo-Burmeseyu¹ ‘take’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 620

6.1.1Burmish22

Achang (Lianghe)ʑu⁵⁵ ‘take’Dai 85 AcJZ

Achang (Luxi)ʑu³¹ ‘take’Dai 85 AcJZ

Achang (Luxi)ʑu³¹ ‘take back / put away’Dai 85 AcJZ

Bola (Luxi)ju³¹thɔʔ⁵⁵#2718 PTB *s-twak ‘COME OUT / GO OUT / EMERGE’PKC *tshuak-I, tshuaʔ-II ‘COME OUT / EMERGE / APPEAR’PTk *ʃok ‘EMERGE / EXIT / COME OUT’PLB *ʔ-twakᴴ ‘COME OUT, GO OUT, EMERGE’ ‘withdraw / take out’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1209.32

Bola (Luxi)ju⁵⁵nɔ̱̃⁵⁵morpheme v.‘take / hold / get’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1528.32

Burmese (Rangoon)ju²² v.‘take / hold / get’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1528.27

Burmese (Rangoon)thoʔ⁴morphemeju²² ‘withdraw / take out’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1209.27

Burmese (Spoken Rangoon)ju²² ‘take’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 549.40

Burmese (Written)ju² v.‘take / hold / get’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1528.26

Burmese (Written)ju² ‘take’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 549.39

Burmese (Written)yū ‘take’Marrison 67 Naga

Burmese (Written)yu ‘take; be of opinion’Benedict 76 WBur

Burmese (Written)yu ‘take’Benedict 72 STC: p.60

Langsu (Luxi)ju³¹ v.‘take / hold / get’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1528.31

Langsu (Luxi)ju³¹thuk⁵⁵#2718 PTB *s-twak ‘COME OUT / GO OUT / EMERGE’PKC *tshuak-I, tshuaʔ-II ‘COME OUT / EMERGE / APPEAR’PTk *ʃok ‘EMERGE / EXIT / COME OUT’PLB *ʔ-twakᴴ ‘COME OUT, GO OUT, EMERGE’ ‘withdraw / take out’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1209.31

Leqi (Luxi)juː³¹ v.‘take / hold / get’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1528.33

Marmayu ‘take’Huziwara 08 Sak: 197

Maru [Langsu]ju³¹ ‘take’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 549.43

Maru [Langsu]ju³¹ ‘take back / put away’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 676.43

Maru [Langsu]yu ‘take’Benedict 72 STC: p.60

Atsi [Zaiwa]ju²¹thoʔ⁵⁵#2718 PTB *s-twak ‘COME OUT / GO OUT / EMERGE’PKC *tshuak-I, tshuaʔ-II ‘COME OUT / EMERGE / APPEAR’PTk *ʃok ‘EMERGE / EXIT / COME OUT’PLB *ʔ-twakᴴ ‘COME OUT, GO OUT, EMERGE’ ‘withdraw / take out’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1209.30

Atsi [Zaiwa]ju⁵¹ v.‘take / hold / get’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1528.30

6.1.2Loloish2

*Loloishyu¹ ‘take’Bradley 79 PLo: 606

*Loloishyu¹ ‘take and’Bradley 79 PLo: 783

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish15

Gazhuov³²³ ‘take out (from in between, a part from a whole)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1202.47

Gazhuov³²³ v.‘take / hold / get’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1528.47

Gazhuov³²³to⁵³morphemeli³³morpheme ‘withdraw / take out’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1209.47

Lalovú ‘take’Björverud 94

Nusu (Northern)iu³¹ ‘take (in hand)’Sun J 86 Nusu

Nusu (Southern)iu⁵⁵ ‘take (in hand)’Sun J 86 Nusu

Nusu (Central/Zhizhiluo)iɔ̱³¹morpheme iɯ³⁵ v‘nap (take)’Dai 89 NusA: 1721.

Nusu (Central)iɔ̱⁵³morpheme iɯ³³ v‘nap (take)’Dai 89 NusB: 1721.

Nusu (Central)ʑu³³ v.‘take / hold / get’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1528.34

Nusu (Central)ʑu³³khɹa³¹morpheme ‘withdraw / take out’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1209.34

Yi (Dafang)ʑu²¹; tɒ³³morpheme ‘take’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 549.22

Yi (Nanjian)vu⁵⁵ ‘take’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 549.23

Yi (Weishan)vu̪⁵⁵ v.‘take / hold / get’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1528.36

Yi (Wuding)jv̩¹¹ v.‘take / hold / get’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1528.38

Yi (Wuding)jv̩¹¹du̱²morphemele³³morpheme ‘withdraw / take out’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1209.38

6.1.2.2Central Loloish15

Ahiyo ‘take’Benedict 72 STC: p.60

Jinuojo⁴² ‘take back / put away’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 676.34

Lahuyù ‘take’Benedict 72 STC: p.60

Lahu (Black)cû ‘loose, slack, sagging’Matisoff 88 DL: 469

Lahu (Black)cû ‘prefer; adopt as one's own; accept; put one's trust in; have recourse to; depend upon’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 479

Lahu (Black)cû ‘depend / rely’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 156

Lahu (Black)yù ‘take’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 479

Lisu (Northern)ru³³ V‘take; grab; arrest; get; strain out’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)ru³³dɔ³³#2718 PTB *s-twak ‘COME OUT / GO OUT / EMERGE’PKC *tshuak-I, tshuaʔ-II ‘COME OUT / EMERGE / APPEAR’PTk *ʃok ‘EMERGE / EXIT / COME OUT’PLB *ʔ-twakᴴ ‘COME OUT, GO OUT, EMERGE’ ‘take out’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)ru³³fu³³morphemekɯ³³morpheme ‘take away from; deprive of; dismiss from office’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Central)ru⁴ v.‘take’Fraser 22

Lisuʑu̱³³ v.‘take / hold / get’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1528.40

Lisuʒu³³ ‘take’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 549.27

Lisuʒu³³do̱³³morpheme ‘withdraw / take out’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1209.40

Sani [Nyi]yu ‘take’Benedict 72 STC: p.60

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish3

Akhadjù ‘weak, sagging’Matisoff 88 DL: 469

Akhadjù ‘listen to, adhere to’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 479

Hani (Gelanghe)ju⁵⁵ ‘take (in hand)’Li Yongsui 86 Hani

6.1.2.4Southeastern Loloish1

Pholaʐɯ³³ ‘take’Pelkey 11 Phula: 622

6.2Naxi4

Laze (Xiangjiao)y˧ v.‘take along, bring along’Michaud 06 NaLaze: 3496

Naxi (Lijiang)le³³morphemeʑu³¹ ‘take back / put away’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 676.28

Naxiy²¹ v.‘take / hold / get’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1528.45

Naxi (Lijiang)ʑu³¹ ‘take’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 549.28

9Sinitic2

Chinese (Hanzi)屬 be v.‘attached to’BaxterSagart 2011: 2586

Chinese (GSR #)1224s be v.‘attached to’BaxterSagart 2011: 2586

9.0.1Old Chinese3

Chinese (Old/Mid)d̑i̯uk / źi̯wok be v.‘joined to, attached to; belong to, be of the category of’Karlgren 57 GSR: 1224s

Chinese (Old/Mid)t̑i̯uk / tśi̯wok ‘attach, connect; apply; touch’Karlgren 57 GSR: 1224s

Chinese (Old)N-tok be v.‘attached to’BaxterSagart 2011: 2586

9.0.2Middle Chinese1

Chinese (Middle)dzyowk be v.‘attached to’BaxterSagart 2011: 2586

9.0.3Modern Chinese1

Chinese (Mandarin)shǔ be v.‘attached to’BaxterSagart 2011: 2586

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #303, *m-dz(y)u-k ‘BELONG / TRUST / DEPEND / ACCEPT / TAKE’.

Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/303

Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].

References: HPTB p.479

BibTeX

@misc{stedt-303,
  title  = {{*m-dz(y)u-k 'BELONG / TRUST / DEPEND / ACCEPT / TAKE'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #303},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/303}
}