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STEDT #304

*pʷum

EGG / SIT ON EGGS / HATCH / TESTICLE

Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

handlewum/prefixpinitial(w)rhymeum/pcoverL · NT

Connections

HPTB*pʷum ‘lay eggs / hatch / incubate’p. 57

Notes

This well-attested etymon occurs in the NE Indian Areal Group, Himalayish, Jingpho, and Nungic, with a variety of ovoid meanings.

The Hill Miri and Sunwar forms reflect a variant *pup, perhaps to be explained in terms of assimilation to the initial.

A couple of other Himalayish languages, Magar and Manang (Prakaa), seem to reflect still another variant, *puŋ. The zero (ʔ-) initial in Chepang is unexplained.

It is not clear whether this root is to be related to #1168 PTB *pʷu EGG / BIRD / ROUND OBJECT.

Reflexes & cognates63 reflexes · 11 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)1

*Tibeto-Burmanpʷum ‘lay eggs / hatch / incubate’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 608

1.1.1.1Western Tani1

Miri, Hillpɯp ‘egg’Simon 76 Miri

1.3.3Zeme Group2

Liangmeimaruimorpheme◦bum ‘egg’Marrison 67 Naga

Zemenrui#1606 PTB *k-rak ‘FOWL / CHICKEN’PTani *rok ‘CHICKEN’◦bum ‘egg’Marrison 67 Naga

1.7.3.1Jingpho2

Jingphophum⁵⁵ ‘sit on, hatch (egg)’Liu 84

Jingphophum⁵⁵ ‘hatch’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 786.47

2.1.2Bodic3

Kaikekā#1110 PTB *ka ‘BALL / EGG / TESTICLE / EYEBALL’ pum ‘egg’Matisoff 87 BP

Tsangla (Motuo)buŋ ‘hatch’The final -ŋ in this form in unexplained.Sun H 91 ZMYY: 786.7

Tsangla (Motuo)puŋ¹³ ‘sit on (egg)’Zhang Jichuan 86

2.1.4Tamangish33

*TGTMᴮpʰum ‘egg’Mazaudon 94 These: 653

*TGTMᴮpʰum ‘lay (eggs)’Mazaudon 94 These: 654

Gurung (Ghachok)phuq ‘egg’Gurung -q is a tone mark.Matisoff 87 BP

Gurungphu̩q phu̩q-bāsuffix v‘lay egg’Hale 73 CSD: 03b.14

Gurung (Ghachok)pʰũq ‘egg’Glover 72 GuVo: 1.33

Gurung (Ghachok)pʰũq pʰũqba ‘lay (egg)’suffixGlover 72 GuVo: 3.B.14

Gurung²pʰũ ‘egg’Mazaudon 94 These: 653

Manang (Gyaru)gar³morpheme bɯm² ‘testicles’Nagano 84 Man: 042-08

Manang (Gyaru)pɯm² ‘egg’Nagano 84 Man: 076

Manang (Prakaa)²pʰuŋ ‘egg’Mazaudon 94 These: 653

Manang (Prakaa)¹pʰuŋ ‘egg’Hoshi 84: 0061

Tamang'phum ‘egg’Weidert 87 TBTo: 555

Tamang (Risiangku)²pʰum n‘testicle’Mazaudon 91 TamQ: 10.4.16

Tamang (Risiangku)²pʰum ‘egg / testicle’Mazaudon 94 These: 653

Tamang (Sahu)'miː#682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’MesorootsPTani *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik-kuu-I, -kuk-II ‘SLEEPY’PCN *mjak ⪤ *hmik ‘EYE’PTk *mik ‘EYE’PTk *mit ‘EYE’TGTM *ᴮʰmiː(ŋ) ‘EYE’Allofams1 #33 PTB *s-myak ⪤ *s-mik ‘EYE’1a #682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’1b #681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’ phum ‘eyeball’Matisoff 87 BP

Tamang (Sahu)'phum ‘egg’Matisoff 87 BP

Tamang (Sahu)'phum 'phum-pā(m)suffix v‘lay egg’Hale 73 CSD: 03b.14

Tamang (Sahu)'pʰum ‘egg’Taylor 72 TmVo: 1.33

Tamang (Sahu)'pʰum ‘egg’Taylor 72 TmVo: 7.11

Tamang (Sahu)'pʰum 'pʰum-pasuffix v.‘lay (egg)’Taylor 72 TmVo: 14.14

Tamang (Sahu)'pʰum kimorpheme 'marmorpheme ‘yolk’Taylor 72 TmVo: 7.12

Tamang (Sahu)²pʰum ‘egg’Mazaudon 94 These: 653

Thakaliphum phum-lasuffix v‘lay egg’Hale 73 CSD: 03b.14

Thakali (Syang)⁵⁴pʰum ‘egg’Mazaudon 94 These: 653

Thakali (Syang)⁵⁵pʰum ‘egg’Mazaudon 94 These: 653

Thakali (Tukche)nakamorpheme pʰum ‘egg’Hari 71a ThVo: 7.A.10

Thakali (Tukche)phum ‘egg’Matisoff 87 BP

Thakali (Tukche)pʰum ‘egg’Hari 71a ThVo: 1.33

Thakali (Tukche)pʰum nahŋmorpheme-rimorpheme-wemorpheme tɔrmorpheme ‘egg white’Hari 71a ThVo: 7.A.12

Thakali (Tukche)pʰum nahŋmorpheme-rimorpheme-wemorpheme urmorpheme ‘yolk (egg)’Hari 71a ThVo: 7.A.11

Thakali (Tukche)pʰum pʰum-lɔsuffix ‘lay (egg)’Hari 71a ThVo: 3.B.14

Thakali (Tukche)pʰum-esuffix pʰimorpheme ‘shell (egg)’Hari 71a ThVo: 7.A.13

Thakali (Tukche)ᴴpʰum ‘egg’Mazaudon 94 These: 653

2.3.4Western Kiranti1

Sunwarpup-cāmorpheme v‘brood (hens)’Hale 73 CSD: 03b.16

2.4Kham-Magar-Chepang10

Chepangʔum ‘egg’Matisoff 87 BP

Chepangʔum n.‘egg’Caughley 00 Chepang

Chepangʔum ‘egg’Caughley 72 CVoc: 1.33

Chepangʔum ‘egg (louse)’Caughley 72 CVoc: 3.A.88

Chepangʔum ʔotmorpheme-samorpheme ‘lay (egg)’Caughley 72 CVoc: 3.B.14

Chepangʔum ʔot#3482 PTB *wat ‘GIVE BIRTH’.sāmorpheme v‘lay egg’Hale 73 CSD: 03b.14

Chepangʔum- vt.‘lay egg’Caughley 00 Chepang

Chepang (Eastern)ʔum ‘egg (of birds, insects)’Caughley 90 CheQ: 10.4.16

Khampum-nyāsuffix v‘brood (hens)’Hale 73 CSD: 03b.16

Magarpung-khemorpheme v‘brood (hens)’Hale 73 CSD: 03b.16

4Nungic6

Anongbɯm³¹ ‘hatch’Sun J 88 Ano

Anongbɯm³⁵ ‘hatch’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 786.44

Trung [Dulong]sɯ³¹morphemebɯm⁵⁵ ‘hatch’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 786.46

Trung [Dulong] (Dulonghe)sɯ³¹morpheme bɯm⁵⁵ ‘sit on (egg)’Sun H 82 Dul

Trung [Dulong] (Nujiang)bɯm⁵³ ‘sit on (egg)’Sun H 82 Dul

Trung [Dulong] (Nujiang)pɔm⁵⁵ ‘birth, give (to child)’Sun H 82 Dul

6.1.1Burmish6

Burmese (Written)phuṁ v‘cover’Marrison 67 Naga

Burmese (Written)phûṁ ‘cover, cover up’Benedict 76 WBur

Burmese (Written)phuṁ v.‘cover / hide from view’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1794.26

Burmese (Written)ɑ¹prefixphuṁ³ n‘lid / cover’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0547.26

Burmese (Written)əprefix-phûṁ ‘cover of a vessel’Benedict 76 WBur

Marmaphúŋ v‘cover’Huziwara 08 Sak: 227

6.1.2.2Central Loloish1

Lahu (Black)phɛ⁵³ ‘hatch’This Lahu form in -ɛ shows the regular reflex of the *-um rhyme, but the meaning is basically ‘release, come forth’ rather than ‘cover, incubate’. The same seems to be true of the Bwe form (phɛ-tha). For now we include them here, however.Sun H 91 ZMYY: 786.33

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #304, *pʷum ‘EGG / SIT ON EGGS / HATCH / TESTICLE’.

Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/304

Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].

References: cf. HPTB p.57

BibTeX

@misc{stedt-304,
  title  = {{*pʷum 'EGG / SIT ON EGGS / HATCH / TESTICLE'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #304},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/304}
}