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STEDT #3443

*ʔik

HICCOUGH / BELCH

Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

handleikrhymeikcoverT

Intermediate reconstructions

Kuki-Chin*ʔirʔ ‘BELCH / SPEW’PKC #466

Notes

This obviously onomatopoetic root is quite widespread in the family. Occasionally there are phonological differences in a given languages between HICCUP and BELCH, e.g. Lahu ə̀ʔ ve ‘belch’ and ə̂ʔ ve ‘hiccup’.

The PLB reconstruction *ut given in LTSR #161 is erroneous, as can be seen from the extra-Lolo-Burmese cognates with final -k.

Chinese comparandum

噫 OC *ʔɛg, GSR #957b; Mand. yī.

This character is also found in the Shi Jing with the interjectory meaning ‘alas, oh’ and the OC reconstruction *ʔi̯əg (GSR #957b).

Reflexes & cognates103 reflexes · 24 subgroups

1.1.2Deng3

Kaman [Miju]tɑ³¹prefixɯk³⁵ v.‘hiccup’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1244.23

Kaman [Miju]ɹɯ³¹morpheme ɑk⁵⁵ ‘hiccup’Sun H 80 MLD

Kaman [Miju]ɹɯ³¹morphemeɑk⁵⁵ v.‘belch’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1245.23

1.2Kuki-Chin1

*Chinʔirʔ ‘BELCH / SPEW’VanBik 09 PKC: 466

1.2.1.1Northern Chin9

Kuki-Chinib ‘burp / belch’Haokip 98: 11.6

Kuki-Chinsamorpheme◦ib ‘hiccup’Haokip 98: 11.2

Paiteik ‘spew’VanBik 09 PKC: 466

Sizangsāmorpheme ik suakmorpheme hīmorpheme ‘belch’VanBik 09 PKC: 466

Thadoíʔ ‘belch’Thirumalai 72: 25

Thadoʔiʔ-INV ‘belch’VanBik 09 PKC: 466

Tiddimik³ > i?³ v‘belch’Bhaskararao 96 CDB: 518

Tiddimik³ > iʔ³ ‘belch’VanBik 09 PKC: 466

Tiddimik³/iʔ³ ‘belch’Bhaskararao 94 TCV

1.2.2Central Chin6

Lai (Hakha)tsîŋmorpheme ʔirʔ-INV ‘belch, spew’VanBik 09 PKC: 466

Lushai [Mizo]ir v‘belch’Bhaskararao 96 CDB: 2499

Lushai [Mizo]ir' v.‘belch’Matisoff 87 BP

Lushai [Mizo]irh v.‘belch’Matisoff 87 BP

Lushai [Mizo]ìrh v‘belch, to eructate, to spew’VanBik 09 PKC: 466

Lushai [Mizo]irh-fiakmorpheme v.‘hiccup’Matisoff 87 BP

1.2.3Maraic2

Lakher [Mara]chuamorpheme chamorpheme ua v.‘hiccup’Matisoff 87 BP

Lakher [Mara]pamorpheme-ua v.‘belch’Matisoff 87 BP

1.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group1

Sema [Sumi]eu ‘burp / belch’Achumi 98: 11.6

1.5Mikir [Karbi]1

Mikir [Karbi]haimorpheme-ik kerangmorpheme v.‘hiccup’Matisoff 87 BP

1.6Mru1

Mruör v.‘belch’Matisoff 87 BP

1.7.1.2Garo1

Garo (Bangladesh)ti•morpheme-ik-amorpheme vi‘hiccup’Burling 03 Garo: 9.44-II:idx

1.7.3.1Jingpho4

Jingphogǎprefix◦e◦~◦kəprefix◦e v.‘hiccup’Matisoff 87 BP

Jingphogəprefix◦e v.‘hiccup’Matisoff 87 BP

Jingphokă³¹prefixeʔ⁵⁵ v.‘hiccup’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1244.19

Jingphokəprefix◦éʔ v.‘hiccup’Matisoff 87 BP

2.1.2.1Tibetan3

Spitiik ‘hiccup’Bodh 91: 11.2

Tibetan (Written)ʔig gamorpheme rgjagmorpheme v.‘hiccup’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1244.01

Tibetan (Written)ʼig ‘hiccup, sob’Matisoff 87 BP

2.4Kham-Magar-Chepang4

Chepangʔəʔ.phukmorpheme n.‘burp, belch (esp. when due to an upset stomach)’Caughley 00 Chepang

Khama◦phumorpheme v.‘belch’Matisoff 87 BP

Khamə◦phuːmorpheme v.‘belch’Watters 89 KhQ: 2.B.2.1

Khamə◦pʰuːmorpheme v.‘belch’Watters 89 KhQ: 2.B.2.1

4Nungic2

Trung [Dulong] (Dulonghe)daʔ⁵⁵morpheme aʔ⁵⁵ ‘burp, belch’Sun H 82 Dul

Trung [Dulong] (Dulonghe)tɯ³¹morpheme ɯʔ ‘hiccup’Sun H 82 Dul

6.1.1Burmish10

Achang (Xiandao)cɤ⁵⁵morpheme kɤk⁵⁵morpheme ɤk⁵⁵ ‘hiccup / belch’Dai 89 Xian: 1724

Achang (Xiandao)cɤ⁵⁵morphemekɤk⁵⁵morphemeɤk⁵⁵ v.‘hiccup’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1244.29

Bolaa³¹prefix jə̱k⁵⁵ tʰauŋ³⁵morpheme ‘hiccup / belch’Dai 89 Bola: 1724

Bola (Luxi)a³¹prefixə̱k⁵⁵thauŋ³⁵morpheme v.‘hiccup’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1244.32

Langsu (Luxi)a̱k⁵⁵thauŋ³¹morpheme v.‘hiccup’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1244.31

Lashiə̱k⁵⁵ thuŋ⁵⁵morpheme ‘hiccup’Dai 89 Lash: 11.2

Lashiə̱k⁵⁵ thuŋ⁵⁵morpheme ‘burp / belch’Dai 89 Lash: 11.6

Leqi (Luxi)ə̱k⁵⁵thuŋ⁵⁵morpheme v.‘hiccup’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1244.33

Maru [Langsu]a̱k⁵⁵ thauŋ³¹morpheme ‘hiccup’Dai 89 Lang: 11.2

Maru [Langsu]a̱k⁵⁵ thauŋ³¹morpheme ‘burp / belch’Dai 89 Lang: 11.6

6.1.2Loloish1

Lolophoɤ³¹ phv̩³¹morpheme ‘burp / belch’Dai 89 Lolo: 11.6

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish15

Gazhuoɣɤ³⁵ ta⁵³morpheme ‘hiccup’Dai 89 Gazh: 11.2

Gazhuoɣɤ³⁵ ta⁵³morpheme ‘burp / belch’Dai 89 Gazh: 11.6

Gazhuoɣɤ³⁵ta⁵³morpheme v.‘hiccup’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1244.47

Nusu (Central/Zhizhiluo)iɯ̱³¹ ‘hiccup / belch’Dai 89 NusA: 1724.

Nusu (Central)iɯ̱⁵³ ‘hiccup / belch’Dai 89 NusB: 1724.

Nusu (Central)iɯ̱⁵³ v.‘hiccup’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1244.34

Yi (Liangshan)o²¹li²¹morphemephu²¹morpheme ‘belch; nauseated, feel’Ma 08 Yi: index

Yi (Nanhua)ə²¹phə²¹morphemetə³³morpheme v.‘hiccup’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1244.37

Yi (Weishan)ɑ²¹prefixɣu²¹mɯ⁵⁵morpheme v.‘hiccup’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1244.36

Yi (Wuding)ɤ¹¹ v.‘hiccup’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1244.38

Yi (Wuding)ɤ¹¹ v.‘belch’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1245.38

Yi (Xide)o²¹-li²¹morpheme-pʰu²¹morpheme ‘belch’Chen 79 YiCh

Yi (Xide)o²¹li²¹morphemephu²¹morpheme v.‘belch’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1245.35

Yi (Xide)si²¹morpheme o⁵⁵ ‘hiccup’Chen 79 YiCh

Yi (Xide)si²¹morphemeo⁵⁵ v.‘hiccup’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1244.35

6.1.2.2Central Loloish15

Ahixɯ³³to̱²¹morphemeda²¹morpheme ‘hiccup’Chen 86 Yi: 11.2

Ahixɯ⁵⁵ ʈo̱²¹morpheme dɑ²¹morpheme ‘hiccup’Luo 90: 11.2

Ahixɯ⁵⁵ ʈo̱²¹morpheme dɑ²¹morpheme ‘burp / belch’Luo 90: 11.6

Jinuoə³¹m̩⁴⁴morpheme v.‘hiccup’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1244.44

Jinuo (Baya/Banai)ɤ³¹ m̩³¹morpheme ‘hiccup / belch’Dai 89 JinA: 1786

Jinuo (Baka)ɤ⁵⁵ ‘hiccup / belch’Dai 89 JinB: 1786

*Common Lahuuiˆ ‘hiccup’Bradley 79 PLo: 578

*Common Lahuui˰ ‘belch’Bradley 79 PLo: 579

Lahu (Black)ə̀ʔ ‘belch’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 161

Lahu (Black)ə̀ʔ ve#450 PTB *way ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR’Allofams1 #1821 PTB *s/g-ray ⪤ *way ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR / GOD’1a #449 PTB *g-ray ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR’1b #658 PTB *g-ray ‘GOD / CREATOR’1c #450 PTB *way ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR’1d #5495 PTB *s-ray ‘PLURALIZER’ v.‘belch’Matisoff 87 BP

Lahu (Black)ə̂ʔ ve#450 PTB *way ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR’Allofams1 #1821 PTB *s/g-ray ⪤ *way ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR / GOD’1a #449 PTB *g-ray ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR’1b #658 PTB *g-ray ‘GOD / CREATOR’1c #450 PTB *way ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR’1d #5495 PTB *s-ray ‘PLURALIZER’ v.‘hiccup’Matisoff 87 BP

Sani [Nyi]ɤ⁵⁵ tɬe³³morpheme dæ²¹morpheme v‘burp, hiccup’Wu 84: 327.1

Sani [Nyi]ɤ⁵⁵ tɬɤ̱²¹morpheme ‘hiccup’Wu 84: 175.1

Yi (Sani)ɤ⁵⁵tɬe²morpheme v.‘hiccup’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1244.39

Sani [Nyi]ɤ⁵⁵tɬe²²morpheme ‘hiccup’Chen 86 Yi: 11.2

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish7

Akhaeu LS ‘belch’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 161

Bisuə̀ŋ ‘belch’Beaudouin 88 Bisu: 28

Hani (Mojiang)xɯ⁵⁵tɤ³³morphemetɤ³³morpheme v.‘hiccup’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1244.42

Mpihɤʔ⁶ʔɤʔ²morphemekhe³morpheme ‘hiccup’Srinuan 76

Côông [Phunoi]həʔ cemorpheme v.‘hiccup’Matisoff 87 BP

Côông [Phunoi]həʔ³³ ce³³morpheme ‘hiccup’Bradley xx Phu

Côông [Phunoi]sə³¹morpheme tə³¹morpheme hə◦cemorpheme ‘hiccup’Ferlus 91: 11.2

6.1.2.4Southeastern Loloish3

Azhaɨ̠⁴⁵tɬɛ²¹morphemetʌ³³morpheme ‘hiccup’Pelkey 11 Phula: 909

Pholaɨ³¹ⁿtɑ³³morpheme ‘belch’Pelkey 11 Phula: 910

Hlepho Phowaə²¹(-dɛ³³morpheme) ‘belch’Pelkey 11 Phula: 910

6.2Naxi5

Laze (Xiangjiao)hɯ˥ʈv˥morpheme v.‘hiccup’Michaud 06 NaLaze: 2479

Mosoʌ 11 ‘belch’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 161

Na (Yongning)ɑ˩pʰv˧˥morpheme ‘belch, burp’Michaud 06 NaLaze

Na (Yongning)ɑ˩pʰv˧˥morpheme v.‘belch’Michaud 06 NaLaze

Naxiə⁵⁵tɯ³³morpheme v.‘hiccup’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1244.45

7Karenic6

Pa-Otəprefix◦ʔɨ́ ‘hiccup’Solnit 89 PaO

Pa-Otəprefix◦ʔɨ́k ‘hiccup (2)’Solnit 89 PaO

Pwo (Moulmein)khəʔmorpheme◦ʔə̀ʔ v.‘belch’Matisoff 87 BP

Pwo (Moulmein)khəʔmorpheme◦ʔə̀ʔ v.‘belch’Jones 61: 859

Sgaw (Moulmein)pəʔmorpheme◦ʔýʔ v.‘belch’Matisoff 87 BP

Sgaw (Moulmein)pəʔmorpheme◦ʔýʔ v.‘belch’Jones 61: 859

8Bai4

Bai (Jianchuan)khə³³morphemeə⁴² v.‘belch’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1245.48

Bai (Jianchuan)se̱⁴⁴morpheme ɯ⁵⁵ tɯ⁵⁵morpheme ‘burp / belch’Zhao 90: 11.6

Bai (Jianchuan)tã̱³³morphemeə⁵⁵tə⁵⁵morpheme v.‘hiccup’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1244.48

Bai (Jianchuan)ɯ̱²¹ pʰu³¹morpheme ‘hiccup’Zhao 90: 11.2

9.0.1Old Chinese1

Chinese (Old/Mid)ʔɛg/ʔɑ̆i- ‘belch’Karlgren 57 GSR: 957b

9.0.3Modern Chinese1

Chinese (Mandarin)yɑi ‘belch’Karlgren 57 GSR: 957b

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #3443, *ʔik ‘HICCOUGH / BELCH’.

Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/3443

Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].

BibTeX

@misc{stedt-3443,
  title  = {{*ʔik 'HICCOUGH / BELCH'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #3443},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/3443}
}