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STEDT #384

*d-(p)ral

FOREHEAD / FACE
Proto-Tibeto-Burman · exemplary

Reconstruction analysis

handlepralprefixdinitial(p)rrhymealcoverP · L

Intermediate reconstructions

Kuki-Chin*tsal ‘FOREHEAD / BROW’PKC #538
Northern Naga/Konyakian*tʰəːl ‘FACE’WTF-PNN: 484

Connections

HPTB*d-pral ‘forehead’pp. 404, 405
See alsoCROWN OF HEAD

Notes

Jingpho -n is the regular reflex of PTB -l.

Forms with dental stop initial (e.g. Jingpho, Northern Naga, Kuki-Chin) might have arisen through preemption by the d- prefix found in Written Tibetan. Alternatively, these dentals might just represent a simplification of the unwieldy dpr cluster.

Reflexes & cognates82 reflexes · 17 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)1

1.1.1.2Eastern Tani1

Milangcal◦mamorpheme ‘forehead band’Tayeng 76 Mil

1.2Kuki-Chin3

*Chintsal ‘FOREHEAD / BROW’VanBik 09 PKC: 538
Analpàmorpheme◦càl ‘forehead’Weidert 87 TBTo: 418
Thanphumtan⁵pɑ⁵suffix ‘forehead’Luce 85: O.12

1.2.1.1Northern Chin11

Kuki-Chinchal◦pangmorpheme ‘forehead / brow’Haokip 98: 3.2
Sizangtal kīmorpheme ‘forehead’VanBik 09 PKC: 538
Thadotsâl páaŋmorpheme ‘forehead’VanBik 09 PKC: 538
Tiddimtâl ‘forehead’Weidert 87 TBTo: 418
Tiddimtàl ‘forehead’Weidert 87 TBTo: 66
Tiddimtal³ ‘forehead’VanBik 09 PKC: 538
Tiddimtal³ ‘forehead’Bhaskararao 96 CDB: 1675
Tiddimtal⁴ ‘forehead’Luce 85: O.12
Tiddimˋtal n‘forehead’Henderson 65 TidC
Tiddimˋtal ‘forehead’Matisoff 87 BP

1.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin2

Cho (Mindat)mprefix-ca ‘forehead’VanBik 09 PKC: 538
Matupitɑːl¹ ‘forehead’Luce 85: O.12

1.2.2Central Chin11

Khualsimtsal⁴ ‘forehead’Luce 85: O.12
Lai (Hakha)tsǎl ‘forehead’VanBik 09 PKC: 538
Lai (Falam)tsàl ‘forehead’VanBik 09 PKC: 538
Lai (Hakha)tsal² ‘forehead’Luce 85: O.12
Lushai [Mizo]chal ‘forehead’Matisoff 87 BP
Lushai [Mizo]chàl ‘forehead, brow’VanBik 09 PKC: 538
Lushai [Mizo]t̥hial-pawnmorpheme ‘temple’Matisoff 87 BP
Lushai [Mizo]tsal⁴ ‘forehead’Luce 85: O.12

1.2.3Maraic4

Lakher [Mara]khimorpheme-tla ‘forehead’Matisoff 87 BP
Tha'oatal² ‘forehead’Luce 85: O.12
Xongsaitsal² ‘forehead’Luce 85: O.12
Xongsaitsɛl² ‘forehead’Luce 85: O.12

1.2.4“Old Kuki”5

Kom Remməprefix◦če ‘forehead / brow’Toba 91 KRQ: 3.2
Kom Remmʌprefix◦tsá ‘forehead’Weidert 87 TBTo: 418
Lamkangpʌmorpheme◦tsɛ̀l ‘forehead’Weidert 87 TBTo: 418
Moyonbʌmorpheme◦cʌ́r ‘forehead / brow’Kosha 90: 3.2
Sorbungməprefix◦cèe ‘forehead; brow’Mortensen 11 Sorbung: BodyParts.038

1.7.2Northern Naga/Konyakian1

*Northern Nagatʰəːl ‘face’French 83: 484

1.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte6

Noctethan ‘face’Marrison 67 Naga
Noctetʰan ‘face, cheek’French 83: 484

1.7.2.2Konyak-Chang4

Phomthe ‘face’Marrison 67 Naga
Phomtʰe³¹ ‘face’Burling 98 Phom
Wanchotun ‘face, countenance’French 83: 484

1.7.3.1Jingpho11

Jingphohtan ‘forehead’Matisoff 87 BP
Jingphokă³¹prefixthan³³ n‘forehead’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0077.19
Jingphokă³¹prefixthan³³ ‘forehead’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 233.47
Jingphokă¹prefix than³³ ‘forehead’Liu 84
Jingphokaprefix◦htan ‘forehead’Marrison 67 Naga
Jingphokəprefix◦htān ‘forehead’Matisoff 87 BP
Jingphokəprefix◦thān ‘forehead’Matisoff 93 PC
Jingpholəhprefix◦tan ‘forehead’Matisoff 87 BP
Jingpholəprefix◦thān ‘forehead’Matisoff 93 PC
Jingphothān ‘forehead’Matisoff 93 PC
Jingpho¹gəprefix ²than ‘forehead’Weidert 87 TBTo: 66

2.1.1Western Himalayish6

Bunanphe◦tarNepali loanword ‘forehead / brow’Sharma, S.R. 91 Bu: 3.2
Kanauriphyā ‘forehead’Bailey 11
Kanauriphya ‘forehead’Sharma, D.D. 88 Kn
Kanauriphyā ‘forehead’Matisoff 87 BP

2.1.2Bodic1

Kaikeparāi ‘forehead’Matisoff 87 BP

2.1.2.1Tibetan10

Tibetan (Amdo:Zeku)tho pasuffix ‘forehead’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 233.5
Tibetan (Jirel)Tāl◦āqsuffix ‘forehead’Matisoff 87 BP
SherpaTal◦āsuffix ‘forehead’Matisoff 87 BP
Spitiṣal◦asuffix ‘forehead / brow’Bodh 91: 3.2
Tibetan (Written)dpral basuffix ‘forehead’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 233.1
Tibetan (Written)dpral-ba ‘forehead’Matisoff 87 BP
Tibetan (Written)dpral◦basuffix ‘forehead’Marrison 67 Naga

2.4Kham-Magar-Chepang5

Chepangjelh ‘forehead’Matisoff 87 BP
Chepangjelh n.‘forehead, brow’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangjelʱ ‘forehead’Weidert 87 TBTo: 66
Chepang (Eastern)jelh ‘forehead / brow’Caughley 90 CheQ: 3.2

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #384, *d-(p)ral ‘FOREHEAD / FACE’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/384
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: cf. HPTB pp.404,405
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-384,
  title  = {{*d-(p)ral 'FOREHEAD / FACE'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #384},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/384}
}