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STEDT #443

m/s-glak ⪤ m-glaŋ

COLD / FREEZE

Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Intermediate reconstructions

Central Naga (Ao Group)*a-tshak ‘COLD’PCN #247

Lolo-Burmese(a) *s-krak ⪤ *s-krok ‘COLD / DRIED OUT / LEFTOVER’JAM-TSR: 53

Lolo-Burmese(b) *m-graŋ ‘COLD’Benedict 72 STC: 39n124

Notes

There is a well-established allofam with a homorganic final nasal m-glaŋ, see HPTB:325. This nasal-final allofam has also acquired a nasal prefix in Lolo-Burmese: cf. WT graŋ-ba, Trung glaŋ, Lahu gɔ̀.

Chinese comparandum

涼 OC *gli̯ɑng, GSR #755l ‘chilly’; Schuessler 2007:355; B & S 2011: *C.raŋ; Mand. liáng ‘cool, chilly’, liàng ‘to cool, chill’.
霜 OC *ṣi̯ɑng, GSR #731g ‘frost’; Schuessler 2007:355; B & S 2011: *sraŋ {[s]raŋ}; Mand. shuāng.

Reflexes & cognates75 reflexes · 19 subgroups

Lushai [Mizo]ṭaŋmorpheme-thoːm ‘cold (weather)’Benedict 72 STC: 120

1.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)12

*Central Nagaaprefix-tshak be v.‘COLD’Bruhn 14 PCN: III.247

*Aoaprefix.tʃhək ‘FEEL COLD’Bruhn 14 PCN: II.181

Ao (Chungli)a³prefix-sək¹ v.‘feel cold’Bruhn 14 PCN: II.181

Ao (Chungli)³aprefix¹sɯk¹wamorpheme ‘winter’Weidert 87 TBTo: 1002

Ao (Mongsen: Longchang)aprefix◦tsak◦yimmorpheme ‘winter’Marrison 67 Naga

Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)[a]prefix-tsək-jı̀mmorpheme ‘winter ('be cold' + 'season')’Coupe 07 Ao

Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)aprefix◦tshə́k be v.‘cold (bodily sensation)’Coupe 07 Ao

Lotha Nagatshək²- v.‘feel cold’Bruhn 14 PCN: III.247

Lotha Nagaeprefix◦tsak◦omorpheme ‘winter’Marrison 67 Naga

Sangtamcha ‘cold’Marrison 67 Naga

Yacham-Tengsaaprefix◦chik ‘cold’Marrison 67 Naga

Yimchungrüaprefix◦thsak muromorpheme ‘cold’Kumar 73 Yim: 50

1.5Mikir [Karbi]2

Mikir [Karbi]niŋmorpheme-kreŋ ‘cold weather, winter’Benedict 72 STC: 120

Mikir [Karbi]paŋmorpheme-kleŋ ‘freeze, congeal’Benedict 72 STC: 39n124

1.7.1Bodo-Garo1

*Bodo-Garocək ‘cold’Burling 59 PBo: 440

1.7.1.3Koch4

Atongchek- adj1‘cold’van Breugel 08 Atong

Atongchyk- adj1‘cold’van Breugel 08 Atong

Atongmai#2445 PTB *ma-y ⪤ *mey ‘RICE / PADDY’PTk *ma ‘RICE (IN FIELD)’PKar *may ‘RICE / PADDY’◦chek n‘cold rice’van Breugel 08 Atong

Atongmai#2445 PTB *ma-y ⪤ *mey ‘RICE / PADDY’PTk *ma ‘RICE (IN FIELD)’PKar *may ‘RICE / PADDY’◦chyk n‘cold rice’van Breugel 08 Atong

2.1.2Bodic2

Tshona (Mama)cek⁵³pᴀ⁵³suffix ‘cold’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 884.6

Cuona Menbachek⁵⁵pa⁵³suffix ‘cold (water)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1063.06

2.1.2.1Tibetan11

Tibetan (Lhasa)chak⁵³paʔ⁵³suffix ‘ice’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 11.2

Tibetan (Lhasa)chak⁵⁵pa⁵²suffix n‘ice’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0017.02

Tibetan (Written)graṅ-basuffix ‘cold’Marrison 67 Naga

Tibetan (Written)graŋ mosuffix ‘cold (weather, water)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1063.01

Tibetan (Written)graŋ-basuffix ‘cold, cool; coldness; to get / grow cold’Benedict 72 STC: 120

Tibetan (Written)graŋ◦mosuffix ‘cold’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 884.1

Tibetan (Written)khjags pasuffix ‘ice’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 11.1

Tibetan (Written)khyag(s)-pasuffix ‘frozen, ice, frost, cold’Benedict 72 STC: 39n124

Tibetan (Written)khyags◦pasuffix ‘cold’Marrison 67 Naga

Tibetan (Written)ɦkhjag thebsmorpheme v.‘freeze / ice up’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1440.01

Tibetan (Written)ɦkhjags pasuffix n‘ice’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0017.01

2.1.3Lepcha1

Lepchahyáŋ ‘cold’Benedict 72 STC: 39n124

2.3.3Central Kiranti1

Khaling'chak◦pāesuffix ‘cold’Hale 73 CSD: 01.094

2.3.4Western Kiranti1

Thulungchək- vs.‘cold (of food, etc.)’Allen 75

4Nungic1

Trung [Dulong]glaŋ ‘cold’Benedict 72 STC: 39n124

6.1Lolo-Burmese2

Burmish forms have back vowels, while Loloish reflects *-a-.

*Lolo-Burmesengraŋ ‘cold’Benedict 72 STC: 39n124

*Lolo-Burmeseʔkrak ‘dry’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 53

6.1.1Burmish19

Arakanesehkrau' ‘dry’Okell 71

Bola (Luxi)kja̱uʔ⁵⁵ ‘dry’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1028.32

Burmese (Rangoon)tɕhɑuʔ⁴ ‘dry’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1028.27

Burmese (Rangoon)tɕhɑuʔ⁴ v.‘dry, be’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1333.27

Burmese (Standard Spoken)hcau' ‘dry’Okell 71

Burmese (Spoken Rangoon)tɕhɑuʔ⁴⁴ ‘dry’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 864.40

Burmese (Written)khrauk ‘dry’Benedict 72 STC: 76n232

Burmese (Written)khrok adj‘dry’Marrison 67 Naga

Langsu (Luxi)kjɔʔ³¹ ‘cold (weather, water)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1063.31

Leqi (Luxi)kju̱ːʔ⁵⁵ ‘dry’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1028.33

Maru [Langsu]kjɔʔ³¹ ‘cold’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 884.43

Maru [Langsu]kyòʔ ‘cold’Benedict 72 STC: 39n124

Maru [Langsu]tjaù' ‘dry’Okell 71

Atsi [Zaiwa]kjoʔ²¹ n‘snow’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0012.30

Atsi [Zaiwa]kjoʔ²¹ ‘cold (weather, water)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1063.30

Atsi [Zaiwa]kjoʔ²¹ ‘cold’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 884.42

Atsi [Zaiwa]kjoʔ²¹ ‘snow’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 9.42

Atsi [Zaiwa]kyoʔ ‘cold’Benedict 72 STC: 39n124

Atsi [Zaiwa]lo̱ʔ⁵⁵morphemekjoʔ²¹ v.‘catch cold’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1790.30

6.1.2.2Central Loloish8

Lahukâʔ ‘cold’Benedict 72 STC: 39n124

Lahu (Lancang)kɑ⁵⁴ ‘cold (weather, water)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1063.43

Lahu (Black)gɔ̀ ‘cold’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 99(c)

Lahu (Black)kâʔ ‘cold’Matisoff 78 MLBM: 21

Lahu (Black)kâʔ ‘cold’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 99(b)

Lahu (Black)kᴀ⁵⁴ ‘cold’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 884.33

Lahu (Yellow)ka⁶ ‘cold’Chang 86

Lisudźya ‘cold’Benedict 72 STC: 39n124

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish5

Akhaga HS ‘cold’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 99(a)

Akhagaq ‘cold’Hansson 89 AHKP: 448

Akha (Thai)gaq ‘feel cold’Hansson 89 AHKP: 448

Akhagáʔ ‘cold’Benedict 72 STC: 39n124

Akha (Yunnan)jɔmorpheme gaq gaq ‘feel cold’Hansson 89 AHKP: 448

9.0.1Old Chinese6

Chinese (Old/Mid)/gli̯ɑng ‘cool’Chou 72: 755l

Chinese (Old)g-rjang ‘cold’Baxter 92: 1429

Chinese (Old)g-rjang ‘chilly / cold’Baxter 92: 266

Chinese (Old)g-rjang ‘cool / cold’Baxter 92: 580

Chinese (Old)g-rjang ‘cool’Baxter 92: 625

Chinese (Old)gli̯ɑng ‘cool’Chou 72: 755l

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #443, *m/s-glak ⪤ *m-glaŋ ‘COLD / FREEZE’.

Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/443

Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].

References: cf. HPTB pp.325, 521

BibTeX

@misc{stedt-443,
  title  = {{*m/s-glak ⪤ *m-glaŋ 'COLD / FREEZE'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #443},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/443}
}

*m/s-glak ⪤ *m-glaŋ