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STEDT #548

*s-nyak ⪤ *s-nik

PENIS / COPULATE
Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

handlem/s-initialnyrhymeak ⪤ ikcoverM · T

Intermediate reconstructions

Tani*mrak ‘PENIS’JS-HCST: 131

Notes

This root seems basically to mean PENIS, with extensions into the meaning COPULATE. Some reflexes resemble those of #545 PTB *m-ney PENIS, although Jingpho has distinct reflexes of both: mənè ~ mənyè ‘penis’ vs. nèʔ ~ nyèʔ ‘copulate’. Evidence for the *s- prefix is to be found in Lakher (Mara), Kom Rem, and Moyon.

Some likely reflexes have initial laterals, rather than nasals. Most of the Tani forms cited in J. Sun 1993:131 have labial rather than dental nasal clusters, but it seems more plausible to assign them to this etymon than to any other.

In GSTC #172, I compared the Lakher (Mara) and Jingpho forms, but offered no reconstruction.

Reflexes & cognates53 reflexes · 15 subgroups

1.1“North Assam”3

Bangrumə³³prefixlɔʔ⁵³ ‘penis’Sun J 93 HCST: 334
Sulung [Puroik]a³³prefix laʔ⁵³ ‘penis’Sun J 93 HCST: 334

1.1.1Tani1

This Proto-Tani form also resembles #547 PTB *maːk SON-IN-LAW / GENITALS / PENIS / MALE / VAGINA, so its precise affiliation remains uncertain.

*Tanimrak ‘penis’Sun J 93 HCST: 289

1.1.1.1Western Tani17

Apataniàprefix-mja ‘penis’Sun J 93 Tani
Apatani¹aprefix²mrya ‘penis’Weidert 87 TBTo: 631
Bengniñak ‘penis’Sun J 93 HCST
Bokarmok n‘genitals (male)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0116.24
Galo`mac◦cuumorpheme n.‘penis’GLDC 09 Galo
Galo`mag◦laamorpheme n.‘semen’GLDC 09 Galo
Galo`mag◦laamorpheme n.‘sperm’GLDC 09 Galo
Galo`mag◦yummorpheme n.‘penis buncher’GLDC 09 Galo
Galo`mak◦cuumorpheme n.‘penis’GLDC 09 Galo
Galo`mak◦kupmorpheme n.‘penis shield’GLDC 09 Galo
Galo`əprefix◦mak n.‘penis’GLDC 09 Galo
Galomag-bakmorpheme ‘venereal’Das Gupta 63 Gal
Galoˆɤprefix◦mak ‘penis’Weidert 87 TBTo: 631
Tagin(aprefix-)mlak ‘penis’Sun J 93 HCST: 131
Yanomlak ‘penis’Sun J 93 HCST: 131

1.1.1.2Eastern Tani6

Padam-Mishing [Abor-Miri]eprefix◦mâk ‘penis’Matisoff 87 BP
Padam-Mishing [Abor-Miri]mâk-popmorpheme ‘male pubes’Matisoff 87 BP
Padam-Mishing [Abor-Miri]mâk-shikmorpheme ‘foreskin / prepuce; skin; to hide, shelter’Matisoff 87 BP: 84
Damumak-tuk#3420 PTB *k-tu-k ‘PENIS’Allofams116a #3420 PTB *k-tu-k ‘PENIS’116b #3423 PTB *tsu ‘PENIS’ ‘penis’Sun J 93 Tani

1.2.3Maraic1

1.2.4“Old Kuki”2

Kom Reməprefix◦nho ‘copulate’Toba 91 KRQ: 10.2
Moyonŋhoʔ ‘copulate’Kosha 90: 10.2

1.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)2

Ao (Chungli)³ni³tɯpmorpheme v.‘copulate’Weidert 87 TBTo: 155
Yimchungrü¹ne v.‘copulate’Weidert 87 TBTo: 155

1.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group4

Angami Naga⁴na v.‘copulate’Weidert 87 TBTo: 155
Angami (Kohima)ke³¹prefix na³³ ‘copulate’Nienu 90 AngQ: 10.2
Chokrikü³¹prefix na⁵⁵ ‘copulate’Nienu 90 ChoQ: 10.2
Khezhakeprefix◦ne v.‘copulate’Yabu 94 Khö: 10.2

1.4Meithei1

Meitheina◦nəsuffix◦bəsuffix v.‘copulate’Singh 91 MeiQ: 10.2

1.7.3.1Jingpho3

Jingphone³¹ v.‘copulate’Dai 83 Jing
Jingphonèʔ ~ nyèʔ ‘copulate’The Jinghpo-Chinese Dictionary (Dai, et al. 1983:566) cites the form ne³¹ ‘性交 [have sexual congress]’ with no final glottal stop, making it look identical to the word for ‘penis’.Matisoff 87 BP
Jingphonèʔ ~ nyèʔ ‘copulate’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 172

2.1.3Lepcha3

Lepchaaprefix-n̊ak ‘penis’Matisoff 87 BP
Lepchagarmorpheme-nek ‘penis’The first syllable of this form resembles the second syllable of Kham or-'kal ‘penis’. However, according to Mainwaring/Grünwedel 1898:53, the morpheme gar actually means ‘curved, crooked at one end, bent’.Matisoff 87 BP

2.2Newar3

Newar (Kathmandu)na◦kumorpheme ‘penis’Genetti 90 Kath
Newarnā◦kumorpheme ‘penis’According to K. P. Malla (p.c. 2007), Newar -ku serves as a classifier for “a piece with some magnitude in girth or depth”.Shakya 89: 10.3.1
Newarnā◦kumorpheme gwārāmorpheme ‘glans penis’Shakya 89: 10.3.2

2.3.1Eastern Kiranti3

Limbunik-t(u)morpheme v.‘copulate’Weidert 87 TBTo: 155
Limbunik◦mamorpheme v.‘copulate’Weidert 87 TBTo: 155
Limbunik◦tmorpheme- v.‘copulate with’Michailovsky 89 Lm

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #548, *s-nyak ⪤ *s-nik ‘PENIS / COPULATE’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/548
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-548,
  title  = {{*s-nyak ⪤ *s-nik 'PENIS / COPULATE'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #548},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/548}
}