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STEDT #95

*s-kya-y

BORN / GIVE BIRTH
Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

handletsyainitialts(y)rhymea-ysuffixkcoverTS · VW

Notes

This newly established root seems quite solid. The Barish forms (esp. Dimasa, Kokborok) point to a diphthongal prototype, while most Loloish (including Jinuo) and Qiangic forms seem to reflect a monophthong. (*-a > -i is a common Qiangic development.) The Himalayish evidence is mixed: Bantawa has -a, but WT and Pattani have -e (presumably from *-ay). There is evidence from Bahing for alternation between voiced and voiceless initial stops, reflecting a distinction between simplex (‘be born’) vs. causative (‘give birth’).

Reflexes & cognates80 reflexes · 14 subgroups

1.7.1.1Bodo6

Dimasahamorpheme◦dźai ‘birth, give’Benedict 72 STC: 65n206
Dimasahamorpheme◦jai ‘birth, give’Marrison 67 Naga
Kokborokaprefix-čay be v.‘born, be’Tripuri 88
Lalung [Tiwa]chonjamorpheme hamorpheme◦je◦namorpheme v.‘birth, give (twins)’Balawan 65: 85
Lalung [Tiwa]hamorpheme◦je o#3482 PTB *wat ‘GIVE BIRTH’◦samorpheme v.‘birth, give’Balawan 65: 27
Lalung [Tiwa]hamorpheme◦je◦namorpheme vs.‘born, be’Balawan 65: 27

1.7.1.2Garo1

Garoatmorpheme◦tśi ‘birth, give’Benedict 72 STC: 65n206

1.7.1.4Deori2

Deori/Deurije ‘born, be’Brown 95: 72
Deori/Deurije¹ be v.‘born, be’unknown

2.1.1Western Himalayish1

Pattani [Manchati]ze◦pimorpheme ‘birth’Sharma, D.D. 82 TH

2.1.2Bodic1

2.1.2.1Tibetan16

Tibetan (Batang)xhɛʔ⁵³ v.‘birth, give’Dai 89 Bata: 10.4.15
Tibetan (Batang)ɕe⁵⁵kɑ⁵⁵morpheme n‘birthday’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0682.03
Tibetan (Batang)ʔa⁵⁵prefix kɑʔ⁵³morpheme ɕeʔ⁵³ v.‘birth, give to’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1620.03
Tibetan (Lhasa)ceʔ⁵³ ‘birth, give’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 774.2
Tibetan (Lhasa)ce⁵⁵ v.‘birth, give to (piglets)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1717.02
Tibetan (Lhasa)ce⁵⁵kaː⁵⁵morpheme n‘birthday’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0682.02
Tibetan (Lhasa)pu⁵⁵morphemeku⁵⁵morpheme ce⁵⁵ v.‘birth, give to’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1620.02
Spitiṭumorpheme ke◦zemorpheme ‘birth, give’Bodh 91: 10.4.15
Tibetan (Written)(phrumorpheme gumorpheme) skje v.‘birth, give to’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1620.01

2.3.4Western Kiranti1

Sunwar'giy-cāmorpheme v‘birth, give (animals?)’Hale 73 CSD: 03b.46

3.2Qiangic15

Ersudzɿ⁵⁵ ‘birth, give’Sun H 91 ErsQ
Ersudzɿ⁵⁵ ‘birth, give’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 774.18
Lyuzude³³morphemedzɿ⁵³ v.‘birth, give to (piglets)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1717.18
Lyuzude³³morphemetsɿ⁵³ v.‘birth, give to’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1620.18
Pumi (Lanping)khə¹³prefixdʐə⁵⁵ v.‘birth, give to’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1620.09
Pumi (Qinghua)khə¹³prefixdʐə⁵⁵ ‘birth, give’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 774.11
Pumi (Qinghua)kʰə¹³prefix dʐə⁵⁵ ‘birth, give’Lu 83 Pumi
Pumi (Taoba)khə³⁵prefixʑɛ³⁵ ‘birth, give’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 774.10
Pumi (Taoba)kʰə³⁵prefix ʑɛ⁵⁵ ‘birth, give’Lu 83 Pumi
Qiang (Yadu)ʔiprefix tɕi v‘birth, give’Dai 89 Qian: 2227
Queyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba]tə³⁵prefix tɕe⁵³ ‘birth, give’Sun H 91 ZhaQ: 10.4.15
Queyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba]tə³⁵prefixtɕe⁵³ ‘birth, give’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 774.16
Queyu (Xinlong)tə⁵⁵prefixtɕe⁵⁵ v.‘birth, give to’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1620.13
Xumiji³⁵ ‘birth, give’Sun H 91 ShiQ
Xumiji³⁵ ‘birth, give’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 774.20

3.3rGyalrongic4

Ergong (Northern)vɟjə⁵³ ‘birth, give’Sun H 91 ErNQ: 10.4.15
Ergong (Danba)ȵʑɛ ‘birth, give’Sun H 91 ErDQ: 10.4.15
Ergong (Danba)ȵʑɛ ‘birth, give’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 774.14
Ergong (Daofu)ɬŋɑmorpheme ʔʑa ‘birth, give’Dai 89 Daof: 10.4.15

3.3.1rGyalrong3

rGyalrong (Northern)cçʰomorpheme scçi ‘birth, give’Sun H 91 rNQ: 10.4.15
rGyalrongkəprefix scçə ‘birth, give’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 774.12
rGyalrong (Eastern)nɐprefix◦scçi ‘birth, give’Sun H 91 rEQ: 10.4.15

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish14

Lalotjhỳ ‘birth, give (of animals)’Björverud 94
Noesuʑe³³ ‘birth, give’Chen 86 Yi: 10.4.15
Nusu (Central/Zhizhiluo)tsa⁵⁵ v‘birth, give’Dai 89 NusA: 2227.
Nusu (Central/Zhizhiluo)tsa⁵⁵ ‘birth, give (to piglet)’Dai 89 NusA: 2362.
Nusu (Central)tsa⁵⁵ v‘birth, give’Dai 89 NusB: 2227.
Nusu (Central)tsa⁵⁵ ‘birth, give (to piglet)’Dai 89 NusB: 2362.
Nusu (Central)tsa⁵⁵ v.‘birth, give to’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1620.34
Nusu (Central)tsa⁵⁵ v.‘birth, give to (piglets)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1717.34
Nusu (Northern)tsɑ̱³⁵ ‘birth, give’Sun J 86 Nusu
Yi (Mojiang)tshɛ⁵⁵ ‘birth, give’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 774.26
Yi (Nanhua)dʐᴀ³³ ‘birth, give’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 774.24
Yi (Nanjian)tɕʰy²¹ ‘birth, give’Chen 85 YiJZ
Yi (Weishan)tɕhy²¹ v.‘birth, give to (piglets)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1717.36
Yi (Xide)a³⁴prefix-dzi³³ v.‘birth, give’Chen 79 YiCh

6.1.2.2Central Loloish11

Jinuo (Baya/Banai)tʃa³¹ v‘birth, give’Dai 89 JinA: 2320
Jinuo (Baya/Banai)tʃa³¹ ‘birth, give (to piglet)’Dai 89 JinA: 2467
Jinuo (Baka)tʃa³¹ v‘birth, give’Dai 89 JinB: 2320
Jinuo (Baka)tʃa³¹ ‘birth, give (to piglet)’Dai 89 JinB: 2467
Jinuotʃa⁴² v.‘birth, give to (piglets)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1717.44
Jinuotʃa⁴² ‘birth, give’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 774.34
Jinuo (Youle)tʃɑ⁴² ‘birth, give’Gai 86
Jinuotʃə⁴² v.‘birth, give to’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1620.44
Kucongɕɛ33 ‘give birth’Dai 09 Kucong
Kucongɕɛ33 ‘give birth to (of animals)’Dai 09 Kucong
Lahu (Yellow)dʑa⁵⁵ ‘birth, give’Chang 86

6.2Naxi3

Naxitɕi³³hə²¹morpheme v.‘birth, give to’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1620.45
Naxi (Western)tɕi³³xə³¹morpheme ‘birth, give’He 85
Naxi (Lijiang)tɕi³³xə³¹morpheme ‘birth, give’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 774.28

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #95, *s-kya-y ‘BORN / GIVE BIRTH’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/95
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-95,
  title  = {{*s-kya-y 'BORN / GIVE BIRTH'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #95},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/95}
}