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STEDT #1752

*m-ʔa

MUTE / DUMB / STUPID

Proto-Tibeto-Burman · exemplary

Reconstruction analysis

handlemaprefixminitialʔrhymeacoverM · V

Intermediate reconstructions

Kuki-Chin*ʔaa-I, ʔaat-II ‘STUTTER / MUTE’PKC #510

Karenic*ʔaʔ ‘MUTE / DUMB’

Connections

HPTB (PLB)*ʔ-ga² ‘mute / dumb / stupid’pp. 57, 165

Chinese comparandum

啞 OC *ʔɑ̌g, GSR #805f ‘mute, dumb’; Coblin 86:68 ST *ʔr̵aɣ > OC *ʔragx; Schuessler 2007:550 *ʔâʔ; B & S 2011: *ʔˁraʔ; Mand. yǎ.

Reflexes & cognates65 reflexes · 23 subgroups

0Sino-Tibetan (previously published reconstructions)1

*Sino-Tibetanʔr̵aɣ ‘dumb / mute’Coblin 86: 68

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)8

*Tibeto-Burman(m-)a ‘dumb’Weidert 87 TBTo: 321

*Tibeto-Burman(m-)a vs.‘dumb’Benedict 72 STC: 105

*Tibeto-Burman(m-)a be v.‘dumb’French 83: 479

*Tibeto-Burman(m-)a(*C) ‘dumb / mute’Coblin 86: 68

*Tibeto-Burman(m-)ɑ ‘dumb (mute)’Chou 72: 805f

*Tibeto-Burmanm-a ‘dumb’Matisoff 83 TIL: 3

*Tibeto-Burmanm-ʔa ‘mute / dumb / stupid’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 583

*Tibeto-Burmanɑ=ʔɑ ‘dumb (mute)’Chou 72: 805f

1.1.2Deng3

Darang [Taraon]kɑ³¹ pɑ⁵⁵suffix ‘deaf person’Sun H 80 MLD

Darang [Taraon]kɑ³¹ pɑ⁵⁵suffix ‘mute person’Sun H 80 MLD

Iduka⁵⁵pa⁵⁵suffix ‘mute / dumb’Sun H 91 IduQ: 3.8.3

1.2Kuki-Chin1

*Chinʔaa-I, ʔaat-II ‘STUTTER / MUTE’VanBik 09 PKC: 510

1.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin2

Ashoó v‘stutter’VanBik 09 PKC: 510

Khumiaa ‘stutter, mute’VanBik 09 PKC: 510

1.2.2Central Chin6

Lai (Hakha)holʔ ʔàa-I, ʔaat-II ‘stutter’VanBik 09 PKC: 510

Lai (Falam)ṭôŋ ʔáa-I ʔâat-II ‘stutter’VanBik 09 PKC: 510

Lushai [Mizo]ǎ ‘dumb’Weidert 87 TBTo: 321

Lushai [Mizo]a vs.‘dumb’Benedict 72 STC: 105

Lushai [Mizo]a ‘dumb’Coblin 86: 68

Lushai [Mizo]ṭâwng ǎa-I, âat-II v‘stutter, to wander in one's talk’VanBik 09 PKC: 510

1.7.2Northern Naga/Konyakian1

*Northern Nagaŋaᴬ ‘dumb’suffixFrench 83: 479

1.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1

Konyakŋa pasuffix ‘dumb, fool, mad’French 83: 479

1.7.3.1Jingpho4

Jingphoma³¹ a³¹ ‘mute person’Liu 84

Jingphoməa vs.‘dumb’Benedict 72 STC: 105

Jingphoməa ‘dumb’Coblin 86: 68

Jingpho¹mə¹a ‘dumb’Weidert 87 TBTo: 321

3.1Tangut2

Tangut [Xixia]·ọ² ‘dumb / mute’Sofronov 97

Tangut [Xixia]ʔọ ‘mute / dumb’Dai 89 Xixi: 3.8.3

3.2Qiangic6

Ersukɑ³³ phɑ⁵⁵suffix ‘mute / dumb’Sun H 91 ErsQ

Ersukɑ³³phɑ⁵⁵suffix ‘mute’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 302.18

Lyuzuka⁵³ba⁵³morpheme n‘mute’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0211.18

Namuyia³³prefixqa⁵⁵ ‘mute / dumb’Sun H 91 NamQ: 3.8.3

Namuyia³³prefixqa⁵⁵ ‘mute’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 302.19

Namuyia³³prefixqa⁵⁵ n‘mute’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0211.46

4Nungic2

Anongməa vs.‘dumb’Benedict 72 STC: 105

Anongməa ‘dumb’Coblin 86: 68

5Tujia2

Tujiaka²¹ pa²¹suffix ‘mute / dumb’Chen 86 TuBQ: 3.8.3

Tujia (Northern)ka²¹ pa²¹suffix ‘dumb person’Tian 86

6.1.1Burmish7

Burmese (Written)á ‘dumb’Weidert 87 TBTo: 321

Burmese (Written)á vs.‘dumb’Benedict 72 STC: 105

Burmese (Written)á ‘dumb’Coblin 86: 68

Burmese (Written)a' ‘dumb’Matisoff 83 TIL: 3

Burmese (Written)ə-aʼ ‘dumb’Benedict 76 WBur

Burmese (Written)ʔa' ‘dumb / mute’Matisoff 87 BP

Burmese (Written)ʔa' ‘dumb’Matisoff 87 BP

6.1.2Loloish2

*Loloishʔa²/³ ‘dumb’Weidert 87 TBTo: 321

*Loloishʔa²/³ ‘dumb’Bradley 79 PLo: 572

6.1.2.2Central Loloish7

*Common Lahuk'aˍ ‘dumb’Bradley 79 PLo: 572

Lahu (Lancang)tɕhɔ³³morphemeqɑ¹¹ n‘mute’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0211.43

Lahu (Black)qā ve#450 PTB *way ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR’Allofams1 #1821 PTB *s/g-ray ⪤ *way ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR / GOD’1a #449 PTB *g-ray ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR’1b #658 PTB *g-ray ‘GOD / CREATOR’1c #450 PTB *way ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR’1d #5495 PTB *s-ray ‘PLURALIZER’ ‘dumb / mute’Matisoff 87 BP

Lahu (Black)tshɔ³³morphemeqᴀ¹¹ ‘mute’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 302.33

Lahu (Black)tsʰɔ³³morpheme qa¹¹ ‘dumb person’Chang 86

Lahu (Yellow)na⁵⁵morpheme qa³¹ (ma³³morpheme) ‘dumb person (female)’Chang 86

Lahu (Yellow)tsa³¹morpheme qa³¹ paʔ²¹morpheme ‘dumb person (male)’Chang 86

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish2

Mpiʔɤʔ⁵ ‘dumb / mute’Matisoff 78 MLBM: 93

Côông [Phunoi]lᵊka⁵⁵ ‘mute / dumb’Ferlus 91: 3.8.3

7Karenic15

*Karen (Pwo)ʔýʔmorpheme◦ʔáʔ ‘mute / dumb’Jones 61: 287

*Karen (Pwo-Sgaw)ʔýʔmorpheme◦ʔáʔ ‘mute / dumb’Jones 61: 287

*Karen (Sgaw)ʔyʔmorpheme◦ʔaʔ ‘mute / dumb’Jones 61: 287

Pa-Otéʔmorpheme◦ʔá ‘dumb / mute’Matisoff 87 BP

Pa-Otéʔmorpheme◦ʔá ‘mute / dumb’Jones 61: 287

Palaychiʔùqmorpheme◦ʔàq ‘dumb / mute’Matisoff 87 BP

Palaychiʔùqmorpheme◦ʔàq ‘mute / dumb’Jones 61: 287

Pwo (Bassein)ʔỳʔmorpheme◦ʔàʔ ‘dumb / mute’Matisoff 87 BP

Pwo (Bassein)ʔỳʔmorpheme◦ʔàʔ ‘mute / dumb’Jones 61: 287

Pwo (Moulmein)ʔàuʔmorpheme◦ʔàʔ ‘dumb / mute’Matisoff 87 BP

Pwo (Moulmein)ʔàuʔmorpheme◦ʔàʔ ‘mute / dumb’Jones 61: 287

Sgaw (Bassein)ʔyʔmorpheme◦ʔaʔ ‘dumb / mute’Matisoff 87 BP

Sgaw (Bassein)ʔyʔmorpheme◦ʔaʔ ‘mute / dumb’Jones 61: 287

Sgaw (Moulmein)ʔyʔmorpheme◦ʔaʔ ‘dumb / mute’Matisoff 87 BP

Sgaw (Moulmein)ʔyʔmorpheme◦ʔaʔ ‘mute / dumb’Jones 61: 287

8Bai1

Bai (Jianchuan)ɣa35 ‘mute / dumb’Zhao 90: 3.8.3

9Sinitic1

Chinese (Hanzi)啞 ‘mute’BaxterSagart 2011: 3270

9.0.1Old Chinese4

Chinese (Old/Mid)ʔǎg ‘mute’Karlgren 57 GSR: 805f

Chinese (Old/Mid)ːɑ̌g/ːɑ ‘dumb (mute)’Chou 72: 805f

Chinese (Old)ʔǎg ‘dumb’Matisoff 83 TIL: 3

Chinese (Old)ʔragx ‘dumb / mute’Coblin 86: 68

9.0.2Middle Chinese2

Chinese (Middle)'aeX ‘mute’BaxterSagart 2011: 3270

Chinese (Middle)ʔa: ‘dumb, mute’Coblin 86: 68

9.0.3Modern Chinese2

Chinese (Mandarin)yǎ ‘mute’BaxterSagart 2011: 3270

Chinese (Mandarin)yaa◦'basuffix ‘mute’Sun J 85 ChGl: 623

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #1752, *m-ʔa ‘MUTE / DUMB / STUPID’.

Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/1752

Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].

References: cf. STC#105, HPTB

BibTeX

@misc{stedt-1752,
  title  = {{*m-ʔa 'MUTE / DUMB / STUPID'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #1752},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/1752}
}