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STEDT #2284

*r-ka

EARTH / GROUND / SOIL

Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

handlekaprefixrinitialkrhymeacoverK · V

Connections

HPTB*ha ⪤ *r-ka ‘earth / ground / soil’pp. 57, 127

Chinese comparandum

固 OC *ko, GSR #49f ‘secure; strong; hard, firm’; Schuessler 2007:261-3 *kâh; B & S 2011: *kˁa-s {kˁa(ʔ)-s}; Mand. gù.

Reflexes & cognates40 reflexes · 17 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)2

*Tibeto-Burmanha ⪤ r-ka ‘earth / ground / soil’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 593

*Tibeto-Burmanr-ka ‘earth’Benedict 72 STC: 97

1.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1

Lotha Nagaló#2417 PTB *low ‘FIELD’PKC *law ‘FARM / FIELD’PCN *hlu ‘FIELD / GROUND’PTk *low ‘FIELD’◦kò ‘ground’Acharya 75

1.7.1Bodo-Garo1

*Bodo-Garohaʔ ‘earth’Burling 59 PBo: 441

1.7.1.1Bodo9

Bodoha-khor#665 PTB *kwar ‘HOLE / ORIFICE / INNARDS’PKC *kuar ‘HOLLOW / SUNKEN’PKC *kua ‘HOLE / BURROW / CAVITY’PKC *khur ⪤ *khor ‘DITCH / HOLE / PIT / WELL (n.)’PCN *a-ku ⪤ *a-khən ‘HOLE’PTk *kʰur ‘HOLE / ANUS’PNN *gor ‘HOLE / CAVE’ ‘hole, valley’Benedict 72 STC: 349

Bodohaʔ ‘earth’Weidert 87 TBTo: 46

Dimasaha ‘earth’Marrison 67 Naga

Dimasaha-bliŋ#2406 PTB *b-liŋ ‘FOREST / FIELD’ ‘jhum field in second year of cultivation (ha 'earth')’Benedict 72 STC: 378

Dimasaha-khor#665 PTB *kwar ‘HOLE / ORIFICE / INNARDS’PKC *kuar ‘HOLLOW / SUNKEN’PKC *kua ‘HOLE / BURROW / CAVITY’PKC *khur ⪤ *khor ‘DITCH / HOLE / PIT / WELL (n.)’PCN *a-ku ⪤ *a-khən ‘HOLE’PTk *kʰur ‘HOLE / ANUS’PNN *gor ‘HOLE / CAVE’ ‘cave’Benedict 72 STC: 349

Dimasaha◦khor#665 PTB *kwar ‘HOLE / ORIFICE / INNARDS’PKC *kuar ‘HOLLOW / SUNKEN’PKC *kua ‘HOLE / BURROW / CAVITY’PKC *khur ⪤ *khor ‘DITCH / HOLE / PIT / WELL (n.)’PCN *a-ku ⪤ *a-khən ‘HOLE’PTk *kʰur ‘HOLE / ANUS’PNN *gor ‘HOLE / CAVE’ ‘cave’Marrison 67 Naga

Kokborokha ‘earth’Tripuri 88

Kokborokha-kɔ#665 PTB *kwar ‘HOLE / ORIFICE / INNARDS’PKC *kuar ‘HOLLOW / SUNKEN’PKC *kua ‘HOLE / BURROW / CAVITY’PKC *khur ⪤ *khor ‘DITCH / HOLE / PIT / WELL (n.)’PCN *a-ku ⪤ *a-khən ‘HOLE’PTk *kʰur ‘HOLE / ANUS’PNN *gor ‘HOLE / CAVE’ ‘hole, cave’Tripuri 88

Mechehaʔ ‘earth’Weidert 87 TBTo: 46

1.7.1.2Garo5

Garoha ‘earth’Benedict 72 STC: 97

Garo (Bangladesh)ha remorpheme-wamorpheme-amorpheme vi‘dirty with earth’Burling 03 Garo: 3.716-II:idx

Garo (Bangladesh)ha•- n‘earth; ground; land; soil’Burling 03 Garo: 4.242-II:idx

Garo (Bangladesh)ha•-gilmorpheme-sakmorpheme n‘earth; world’Burling 03 Garo: 4.231-II:idx

Garo (Bangladesh)ha•-mangmorpheme n‘earth; soil’Burling 03 Garo: 4.242-II:idx

1.7.1.3Koch2

Atongha• n‘soil, earth’van Breugel 08 Atong

Atongha•◦mangmorpheme n‘soil, earth, clay’van Breugel 08 Atong

1.7.2Northern Naga/Konyakian1

*Northern Nagakaᴮ◦(tok)morpheme ‘earth’French 83: 480

1.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte6

Nocteha ‘earth’Marrison 67 Naga

Noctehaʔ ‘earth’Weidert 87 TBTo: 46

Tangsahaʔ ‘earth’Weidert 87 TBTo: 46

Tangsa (Moshang)ga ‘earth’Marrison 67 Naga

Tangsa (Moshang)ga ‘earth’Benedict 72 STC: 97

Tangsa (Yogli)ha ‘earth’Marrison 67 Naga

1.7.2.2Konyak-Chang9

Changgan ‘earth’Marrison 67 Naga

Changkau ‘earth’Marrison 67 Naga

Konyakka ‘earth’Marrison 67 Naga

Konyakka◦tokmorpheme ‘earth’Marrison 67 Naga

Phomgaʔ◦dɔk³³morpheme ‘earth / soil’Burling 98 Phom

Phomka◦tokmorpheme ‘earth’Marrison 67 Naga

Wanchoha ‘earth’Marrison 67 Naga

Wanchoha kon#665 PTB *kwar ‘HOLE / ORIFICE / INNARDS’PKC *kuar ‘HOLLOW / SUNKEN’PKC *kua ‘HOLE / BURROW / CAVITY’PKC *khur ⪤ *khor ‘DITCH / HOLE / PIT / WELL (n.)’PCN *a-ku ⪤ *a-khən ‘HOLE’PTk *kʰur ‘HOLE / ANUS’PNN *gor ‘HOLE / CAVE’ ‘cave’French 83: 504

Wanchoha◦kon#665 PTB *kwar ‘HOLE / ORIFICE / INNARDS’PKC *kuar ‘HOLLOW / SUNKEN’PKC *kua ‘HOLE / BURROW / CAVITY’PKC *khur ⪤ *khor ‘DITCH / HOLE / PIT / WELL (n.)’PCN *a-ku ⪤ *a-khən ‘HOLE’PTk *kʰur ‘HOLE / ANUS’PNN *gor ‘HOLE / CAVE’ ‘cave’Marrison 67 Naga

1.7.3.1Jingpho1

Jingphogá ⪤ əgá ⪤ ngá ‘earth’Benedict 72 STC: 97

1.7.3.2Asakian1

Kaduka ‘earth’Benedict 72 STC: 97

2.3Kiranti2

*Kirantikha ‘earth, soil’Opgenort 11 Tilung

*Kirantikha ‘earth’Benedict 72 STC: 97

2.3.1Eastern Kiranti1

Lohorongbamorpheme-kha ‘earth’Benedict 72 STC: 97

2.3.4Western Kiranti1

Bahingkha-pimorpheme ‘earth’Benedict 72 STC: 97

4Nungic1

Anongga ⪤ rəga ‘earth’Benedict 72 STC: 97

6.1.2.2Central Loloish1

Lisuhɑ³³mi³³#2453 PTB *m-l(e/ə)y ‘EARTH / COUNTRY / GROUND / MUD / SOIL’PKC *lay ‘EARTH / SOIL / WORLD’PCN *a-lej ‘GROUND, EARTH / FIELD’PTk *lej ‘EARTH’PKar *miᴬ ‘WILD’ ‘ground’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 28.27

6.1.2.4Southeastern Loloish2

Hlepho Phowaha²¹ ‘earth’Pelkey 11 Phula: 18

Hlepho Phowaha²¹ma³³morpheme ‘earth’Pelkey 11 Phula: 18

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #2284, *r-ka ‘EARTH / GROUND / SOIL’.

Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2284

Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].

References: cf. STC#097, HPTB pp.57, 127

BibTeX

@misc{stedt-2284,
  title  = {{*r-ka 'EARTH / GROUND / SOIL'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #2284},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2284}
}