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STEDT #2370

*k/gwaːy ⪤ *k/gwa

BEE (dammer)
Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

handlekwaːyinitialk/grhymewa ⪤ waːycoverK · W

Intermediate reconstructions

Kuki-Chin*khuay ‘BEE’PKC #423
Kuki-Chin*khuay-lul ⪤ *-hlul ‘BEESWAX / WASP’PKC #990
Kuki-Chin*khuay-waʔ ‘HONEYBEE’
Kuki-Chin*khuay-ŋal ‘HORNET (bee)’PKC #859
Tangkhulic*kʰoj ‘BEE’DRM#424
Tamangish*ᴮgwai ‘BEE’
Karenic*kwatᴰ ‘BEE (Apis cerana)’TL#17

Connections

HPTB*kwa ⪤ *gwa ⪤ *k/gwaːy ‘bee (dammer)’pp. 23, 213, 217, 486

Notes

Karenic has developed a dental suffix of this root.

Chinese comparandum

蜾/𧒘 OC *klwɑ̂r, GSR #351c/352c ‘small wasp’; Coblin 86:41 ST *kway > OC *kwarx (< *kwarx-gwlarx); Schuessler 2007:269 *kôi~*k-(r)ōjʔ; B & S 2011: *kˁorʔ-rˁorʔ (redup. infixation < *kˁorʔ); Mand. guǒ.
蠃 OC *lwɑ̂, GSR #14b ‘wasp (small)’; Coblin 86:41 *gwlarx; Schuessler 2007:269 *rôiʔ; B & S 2011: *rˁojʔ {[r]ˁo[j]ʔ}; Mand. luǒ.

Reflexes & cognates123 reflexes · 17 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)7

*Tibeto-Burmank/gwaːy ‘bee (dammer)’Mortensen 12 Tk
*Tibeto-Burmankwa ⪤ gwa ⪤ k/gwaːy ‘bee (dammer)’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 598
*Tibeto-Burmankwaːy ⪤ gwaːy ‘bee’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 076
*Tibeto-Burmankwaːy(*B) ‘bee / wasp’Coblin 86: 41

1.2Kuki-Chin4

*Chinkhuay-lul ⪤ -hlul ‘BEESWAX / WASP’VanBik 09 PKC: 990
*Chinkhuay-ŋal ‘HORNET (bee)’VanBik 09 PKC: 859

1.2.1.1Northern Chin15

Thadokhoi ⪤ khui-vamorpheme ‘bee’Benedict 72 STC: 157
Thadokhoi~ khui-vamorpheme ‘bee’[Source note] (va ‘bird’) (LaPolla 1987).LaPolla 87: 191
Thadokhoi~khui(-vamorpheme) ‘bee’Coblin 86: 41
Thadokhoi~khui-vamorpheme ‘bee’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 076
Thadokhúay ŋál ‘hornet’VanBik 09 PKC: 859
Thadokhúoy ‘bee’VanBik 09 PKC: 423
Thadokhúoy-lúu ‘beeswax, wasp’VanBik 09 PKC: 990
Tiddimkhuai² ‘bee’VanBik 09 PKC: 423
Tiddimkhuai² baːl¹morpheme ‘middle portion between honey comb and beehive whic’Bhaskararao 96 CDB: 830
Tiddimkhuai² zu²morpheme ‘honey’Bhaskararao 96 CDB: 834
Tiddimkhuai² zu¹morpheme luːm¹morpheme ‘honey comb’Bhaskararao 96 CDB: 833

1.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin6

Ashokʻóˊ-́i ‘bee’VanBik 09 PKC: 423
Ashokʻoˊˊ-i-ʻló-i ‘wasp’VanBik 09 PKC: 990
Cho (Mindat)khawi ‘bee, wasp, hornet’VanBik 09 PKC: 423
Cho (Mindat)khawi m-nga ‘big hornet, nesting in earth’VanBik 09 PKC: 859
Khumikháawy ‘bee’VanBik 09 PKC: 423
Khumikháwy’uuy ‘beeswax’VanBik 09 PKC: 990

1.2.2Central Chin13

Lai (Hakha)khûay vaʔ ‘honey bee’also contains *wasVanBik 09 PKC: 1153
Lai (Hakha)khûay ŋàl ‘hornet (ground bees)’VanBik 09 PKC: 859
Lai (Hakha)khûay-lùl ‘beeswax’VanBik 09 PKC: 990
Lushai [Mizo]khawi◦zumorpheme ‘honey’Marrison 67 Naga
Lushai [Mizo]khúai ⪤ kháwi n‘bee, a wasp, a hornet’VanBik 09 PKC: 423
Lushai [Mizo]khuai ⪤ khoi ‘bee’Benedict 72 STC: 157
Lushai [Mizo]khuai~ kho ‘bee’LaPolla 87: 191
Lushai [Mizo]khuai~khoi ‘bee’Coblin 86: 41

1.2.3Maraic9

Lakher [Mara]khèi ‘bee, wasp’VanBik 09 PKC: 423
Lakher [Mara]khèi-pā-ngìa n‘hornet, the name of a species of red wasp’VanBik 09 PKC: 859
Lakher [Mara]khèi-hló ‘bee wax (hard)’VanBik 09 PKC: 990
Lakher [Mara]khèi-vā n‘honey bee’also contains *wasVanBik 09 PKC: 1153
Lakher [Mara]²əprefix¹khei ‘bee’Weidert 87 TBTo: 106

1.3.3Zeme Group6

Liangmeikhui◦duimorpheme ‘honey’Marrison 67 Naga
Liangmeimaprefix◦khui ‘bee’Marrison 67 Naga
Rongmei / Nruanghmeingprefix◦khoi ‘bee’Marrison 67 Naga
Rongmei / Nruanghmeingprefix◦khoi◦duimorpheme ‘honey’Marrison 67 Naga
Zemengprefix◦kui◦dimorpheme ‘honey’Marrison 67 Naga
Zemengprefix◦kui◦puimorpheme ‘bee’Marrison 67 Naga

1.3.4Tangkhulic12

Kachaiʔamorpheme-kʰi ‘bee’Mortensen 12 Tk: Animals.175
Tangkhulkhui◦ramorpheme ‘honey’Marrison 67 Naga
Tusomkxui-tsymorpheme-kuəmorpheme ‘honey’Mortensen 12 Tk: Animals.177
Ukhrulkʰuj ‘bee’Mortensen 12 Tk

1.4Meithei4

Meitheikhoi◦himorpheme ‘honey’Marrison 67 Naga
Meitheikhoi◦rumorpheme ‘wax’Marrison 67 Naga

1.7.2Northern Naga/Konyakian2

*Northern NagaC̬-guay B‘bug / bee’French 83: 464

1.7.2.2Konyak-Chang2

Wanchovemorpheme-koi ‘bug’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 076
Wanchovemorpheme◦koi ‘bug’Marrison 67 Naga

2.4Kham-Magar-Chepang4

Chepanggwas n.‘bee (sp.), large lowland type, with round nest hanging from tree (B)’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangkway n.‘bee (sp.), small black forest bee, nests in tree hole, honey-producing’Caughley 00 Chepang

4Nungic10

Anongkha ‘bee (domesticated)’LaPolla 87: 191
Nungkhuɑ⁵⁵tʂhɿ³¹morpheme n‘sugar (honey)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0449.21
Rawangkwa⁵³ (mədɯŋ³¹morpheme) ‘bee’LaPolla 03: 415
Nungʂɿ⁵⁵morphemekhuɑ⁵⁵ Nanim‘bee’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0367.21
Anongʂɿ⁵⁵morphemekhuɑ⁵⁵ ‘honeybee’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 153.44
Dulongkuɑ⁵⁵ Nanim‘bee’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0367.20
Trung [Dulong] (Nujiang)khwa³¹ me⁵³morpheme ‘bee’LaPolla 87: 191
Trung [Dulong] (Nujiang)khwɑ³¹me⁵³morpheme ‘honeybee’Sun H 82 Dul

6.1.1Burmish6

Burmese (Written)kwâi ‘dammer bee ( cf. na-kyai 'wasp' )’Benedict 76 WBur
Burmese (Written)kwài ‘dammer bee’Coblin 86: 41

7Karenic14

*Karenkwatᴰ ‘bee (Apis cerana)’[Source note] This etymon has irregular tone change, i.e. *D has become tone A in S.Sgaw and Pwo. Perhaps, the final *-t had been dropped much earlier, then the *D tone became the *A tone.Luangthongkum 13: 17
Bwewɛ³³~θə⁵⁵morphemekwɛ⁵⁵ ‘bee (Apis cerana)’Luangthongkum 13: 17
Kayahwɛ⁵⁵ ‘bee (Apis cerana)’Luangthongkum 13: 17
KayanhwɛɁ⁴⁵ ‘bee (Apis cerana)’Luangthongkum 13: 17
Kayan (Pekon)pʰúmorpheme◦ʍè N‘tripe [lit. belly-bee]’Manson 10 Kayan
Kayan (Pekon)ʍè N‘small bee’Manson 10 Kayan
Kayawhwɛ³³~khwɛ³³ ‘bee (Apis cerana)’Luangthongkum 13: 17
Pa-Otəmorpheme◦wát ‘bee, honey-, k. of’Solnit 89 PaO
Pa-O (Northern)wat²¹ ‘bee (Apis cerana)’Luangthongkum 13: 17
Pa-O (Southern)wat²¹ ‘bee (Apis cerana)’Luangthongkum 13: 17
Pwo (Northern)kwɛ⁵⁵ ‘bee (Apis cerana)’Luangthongkum 13: 17
Pwo (Southern)kwɛ³¹¨ ‘bee (Apis cerana)’Luangthongkum 13: 17
Sgaw (Northern)kwɛɁ⁴⁵ ‘bee (Apis cerana)’Luangthongkum 13: 17
Sgaw (Southern)kwɛ⁵⁵ ‘bee (Apis cerana)’Luangthongkum 13: 17

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #2370, *k/gwaːy ⪤ *k/gwa ‘BEE (dammer)’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2370
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: cf. STC#157, GSTC #76, HPTB
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-2370,
  title  = {{*k/gwaːy ⪤ *k/gwa 'BEE (dammer)'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #2370},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2370}
}