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STEDT #2386

*g/b/m-la-y

BOW / ARROW

Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

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Intermediate reconstructions

Central Naga (Ao Group)*laʔ ‘BOW (n.)’PCN #035

Tangkhulic*la ‘BOW / ARROW’DRM#320

Loloish*C-mla² ‘ARROW’

Karenic*blaᴮ ‘ARROW, DART’TL#4

Notes

This root is very likely allofamic with #2191 PTB *m-da ARROW. The alternation between apical stops and laterals in TB has been discussed in detail in Matisoff 2013 (“The dinguist’s dilemma”).

STC (p.176, n.469) identifies this TB root with 弋 OC *di̯ək ‘shoot with arrow with string attached / arrow (of this type)’ (GSR #918a-b), with an unexplained velar suffix.

Chinese comparandum

射 OC *d̂’i̯ɑ̆k, GSR #807a ‘hit (v.) with arrow’; Schuessler 2007:463-4 *m-lak; B & S 2011: *Cə.lak {Cə.lAk}; Mand. shí.
射 OC *d̂’i̯ɑ̆g, GSR #807a ‘shoot (v.); archer’; Schuessler 2007:463-4 *m-lakh; B & S 2011: *Cə.lak-s {Cə.lAk-s}; Mand. shè.

Reflexes & cognates128 reflexes · 24 subgroups

Lotha Nagalo²tshəʔ¹morpheme n.‘bow / arrow’Bruhn 14 PCN: III.035

Lotha Nagalo◦tssimorpheme◦tsüngmorpheme ‘arrow’Murry 78: 6

Lotha Nagalo◦tsümorpheme ‘arrow’Marrison 67 Naga

Lotha Nagaōprefix◦ló ‘bow’Acharya 75

Lotha Nagaoprefix◦lo ‘bow (for shooting)’Marrison 67 Naga

Lotha Nagaoprefix◦lo ‘bow’Murry 78: 11

Lotha Naga¹oprefix²lo(ʔ) n‘bow (for arrows)’Weidert 87 TBTo: 256

Lotha Naga¹oprefix²lo(ʔ) n‘bow (for arrows)’Weidert 87 TBTo: 42

Sangtamthsamorpheme◦lu ‘bow (for shooting)’Marrison 67 Naga

Yacham-Tengsala◦san#74 PTB *dzan ‘ARROW’PNN *la-dzaːn ‘ARROW’PLB *ʔ-dzan¹ ‘ARROW’ ‘arrow’Marrison 67 Naga

Yacham-Tengsalu ‘bow (for shooting)’Marrison 67 Naga

Yimchungrüsang#2658 PTB *si(ŋ/k) ‘TREE / WOOD / FIREWOOD’PTani *sɯŋ ‘WOOD / TREE’PKC *thiŋ ‘TREE / WOOD’PCN *siŋ ‘WOOD’PTk *tʰiŋ ‘WOOD’TGTM *ᴮsiŋ ‘TREE’PKir *siŋ ‘TREE’PLB *sikᴴ ⪤ *siŋ ‘TREE’-lüh ‘bow’Kumar 73 Yim: 62

Yimchungrü¹saŋ#2658 PTB *si(ŋ/k) ‘TREE / WOOD / FIREWOOD’PTani *sɯŋ ‘WOOD / TREE’PKC *thiŋ ‘TREE / WOOD’PCN *siŋ ‘WOOD’PTk *tʰiŋ ‘WOOD’TGTM *ᴮsiŋ ‘TREE’PKir *siŋ ‘TREE’PLB *sikᴴ ⪤ *siŋ ‘TREE’¹lɯʔ n‘bow (for arrows)’Weidert 87 TBTo: 256

1.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group5

Angami (Khonoma)timorpheme◦lü ‘bow (for shooting)’Marrison 67 Naga

Maooprefix◦lo ‘bow (for shooting)’Marrison 67 Naga

Meluritsokramorpheme◦la ‘bow (for shooting)’Marrison 67 Naga

Ntenyiaprefix◦la ‘bow (for shooting)’Marrison 67 Naga

Ntenyiaprefix◦la◦chumorpheme ‘arrow’Marrison 67 Naga

1.3.3Zeme Group2

Khoiraoimorpheme◦la ‘bow (for shooting)’Marrison 67 Naga

Khoiraonla ‘arrow’Marrison 67 Naga

1.3.4Tangkhulic13

*Tangkhulicla ‘bow / arrow’Mortensen 12 Tk: 320

Champhungmamorpheme-lu ‘arrow’Brown 37 Indo

Huishuʔamorpheme-məmorpheme-le ‘arrow, bow’Mortensen 12 Tk: Implements.002

Kachaiməmorpheme-lu ‘bow; arrow’Mortensen 12 Tk: Implements.002

Tangkhulmamorpheme◦la ‘bow (for shooting)’Marrison 67 Naga

Tangkhulməmorpheme◦la ‘arrow’LaPolla 87: 209

Tangkhulməmorpheme◦la ‘arrow’Benedict 72 STC: 449

Tangkhul¹məmorpheme¹la²theimorpheme³rɯmorpheme ‘arrow’Weidert 87 TBTo: 256

Tankghul (Central)mamorpheme-la ‘arrow’Brown 37 Indo

Tangkhul (Northern)mamorpheme-la ‘arrow’Brown 37 Indo

Tangkhul (Standard)mamorpheme-la ‘arrow’Brown 37 Indo

Tusomməmorpheme-le-tʰɯə̃morpheme ‘arrow’Mortensen 12 Tk: Implements.002

Ukhrulməmorpheme-la ‘bow, arrow’Mortensen 12 Tk

1.7.1.1Bodo5

Bodobərmorpheme◦la ‘bow’Bhat 68 Boro

Bodobəmorpheme◦lá ‘bow’Bhat 68 Boro

Dimasabala ‘arrow’Marrison 67 Naga

Dimasabala ‘arrow’LaPolla 87: 209

Dimasabala ‘arrow’Benedict 72 STC: 449

1.7.1.2Garo3

Garobra ‘arrow’Weidert 87 TBTo: 256

Garobra ‘arrow’LaPolla 87: 209

Garobra ‘arrow’Benedict 72 STC: 449

1.7.3.1Jingpho6

Jiliməla ‘arrow’Benedict 72 STC: 449

Jingphoməlá ‘arrow’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 309

Jingphopala ‘arrow’Marrison 67 Naga

Jingphopəlá ‘arrow’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 309

Jingphopəla ‘arrow’LaPolla 87: 209

Jingphopəla ‘arrow’Benedict 72 STC: 449

2.1.2Bodic1

Tshona (Mama)blᴀ⁵³ ‘arrow’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 428.6

2.2Newar2

Newarbalā ‘arrow’LaPolla 87: 209

Newarbalā ‘arrow’Benedict 72 STC: 449

2.3.4Western Kiranti4

Bahingbla ‘arrow’LaPolla 87: 209

Bahingbla ‘arrow’Benedict 72 STC: 449

Hayublo ‘arrow’LaPolla 87: 209

Hayublo ‘arrow’Benedict 72 STC: 449

2.4Kham-Magar-Chepang2

Magarmya ‘arrow’LaPolla 87: 209

Magarmya ‘arrow’Benedict 72 STC: 449

3.2Qiangic3

Qiang (Mianchi)lə̀ ‘arrow’Evans 99 Qiang: 903

Qiang (Taoping)lə³³ ‘arrow’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 428.9

Xumilɛ⁵⁵si³³morpheme n‘arrow’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0637.17

4Nungic10

Nungthɑ³¹prefixmɑ⁵⁵ n‘arrow’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0637.21

Anongthɑ³¹prefixmɑ⁵⁵ ‘arrow’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 428.44

Anongthəprefix◦ma ‘arrow’LaPolla 87: 209

Anongthəprefix◦ma ‘arrow’Benedict 72 STC: 449

Rawangthəprefix◦mɑ⁵³ ‘arrow’LaPolla 03: 705

Dulongtɯ³¹prefixmɑ⁵⁵ n‘arrow’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0637.20

Trung [Dulong]tɯ³¹prefixmɑ⁵⁵ ‘arrow’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 428.46

Trung [Dulong] (Dulonghe)tɯ³¹prefix ma⁵⁵ ‘arrow’LaPolla 87: 209

Trung [Dulong] (Nujiang)tɯ³¹prefix ma⁵⁵ ‘arrow’LaPolla 87: 209

Trung [Dulong] (Nujiang)tɯ³¹prefixmɑ⁵⁵ ‘arrow’Sun H 82 Dul

6.1.1Burmish19

Achang (Longchuan)kaŋ³⁵morphemem̥ʐua³¹ ‘arrow’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 428.41

Burmese (Rangoon)hmjɑ⁵⁵ n‘arrow’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0637.27

Burmese (Spoken Rangoon)m̥jɑ⁵⁵ ‘arrow’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 428.40

Burmese (Written)hmrà ‘arrow’Weidert 87 TBTo: 256

Burmese (Written)hmrâ ‘arrow’Hansson 89 AHKP: 44

Burmese (Written)hmrâ ‘arrow’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 309

Burmese (Written)hmrâ ‘arrow’Benedict 76 WBur

Burmese (Written)hmrà ‘arrow’LaPolla 87: 209

Burmese (Written)hmrà ‘arrow’Benedict 72 STC: 112n314

Burmese (Written)hmrɑ³ ‘arrow’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 428.39

Burmese (Written)mhrā: ‘arrow’Marrison 67 Naga

Burmese (Written)mrɑ³ n‘arrow’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0637.26

Phönbya ‘arrow’Benedict 72 STC: 449

Hpun (Northern)káŋShan loanword◦myà ‘arrow (cp. Crossbow)’Henderson 86 Hpun

Leqi (Luxi)mjo³³ʃɿ⁵⁵morpheme n‘arrow’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0637.33

Maru [Langsu]myō ‘arrow’Weidert 87 TBTo: 256

Atsi [Zaiwa]lai²¹morphememjo²¹ n‘arrow’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0637.30

Atsi [Zaiwa]lai²¹morphememjo²¹ ‘arrow’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 428.42

Atsi [Zaiwa]myò ‘arrow’Weidert 87 TBTo: 256

6.1.2Loloish3

*LoloishC-mla² ‘arrow’Weidert 87 TBTo: 256

*LoloishC-mla² ‘arrow’Bradley 79 PLo: 266A

*LoloishC-mla² ‘arrow’Hansson 89 AHKP: 44

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish4

Nusu (Northern)mɹa³⁵ ‘arrow’Sun J 86 Nusu

Nusu (Central)mɹa⁵⁵ n‘arrow’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0637.34

Nusu (Bijiang)mɹɑ⁵⁵ ‘arrow’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 428.45

Nusu (Southern)mɹɑ⁵⁵kuɑ³¹morpheme ‘arrow’Sun J 86 Nusu

6.1.2.2Central Loloish3

Lisu (Northern)mja²¹ N‘head of arrow; iron head of arrow’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)mja²¹da⁴⁴morpheme ‘arrow shaft (with head)’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisumyà ‘arrow’Weidert 87 TBTo: 256

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish11

Akha (Thai)kaq#5678 PLB *krakᴴ ‘CROSSBOW’ mjà ‘crossbow arrow’Hansson 89 AHKP: 44

Akha (Yunnan)kaq#5678 PLB *krakᴴ ‘CROSSBOW’ mjà ‘crossbow arrow’Hansson 89 AHKP: 44

Akhamjà ‘arrow’Hansson 89 AHKP: 44

Hani (Dazhai)ka̱³³#5678 PLB *krakᴴ ‘CROSSBOW’mja³¹ ‘arrow’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 428.31

Hani (Lüchun)ka̱³¹#5678 PLB *krakᴴ ‘CROSSBOW’mja³¹ n‘arrow’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0637.41

Hani (Gelanghe)ka̱³³#5678 PLB *krakᴴ ‘CROSSBOW’mja³¹ ‘arrow’Li Yongsui 86 Hani

Hani (Wordlist)gav#5678 PLB *krakᴴ ‘CROSSBOW’◦miaq ‘crossbow arrow’Hansson 89 AHKP: 44

Kha Lika#5678 PLB *krakᴴ ‘CROSSBOW’-mla ‘arrow’Benedict 72 STC: 449

Mpimjo² ‘arrow’Hansson 89 AHKP: 44

Mpimjo² ‘arrow’Srinuan 76

Pyenbla31 ‘arrow’Shintani 09 Pyen: 144014

7Karenic16

*Karenbla ‘arrow’Benedict 72 STC: 139n375

*Karenbla/pla ‘arrow’Benedict 72 STC: 133n363

*Karenblaᴮ ‘arrow, dart’[Source note] Irregular vowels in Kayah (KH) and Kayaw (KW), i.e. they should be e and a in KH and KW, respectively. S.Karen (SK) tones suggest *bl-, while those in N.Karen (NK) indicate *pl-.Luangthongkum 13: 4

*Karen [Burling]phla¹ ‘arrow, dart’Luangthongkum 13: 4

Bweblɛ³³ ‘arrow, dart’Luangthongkum 13: 4

Kayahpla¹¹ ‘arrow, dart’Luangthongkum 13: 4

Kayan (Pekon)plā N‘arrow’Manson 10 Kayan

Kayanpla¹¹ ‘arrow, dart’Luangthongkum 13: 4

Kayawple¹¹ ‘arrow, dart’Luangthongkum 13: 4

Pa-Oplá ‘arrow’Solnit 89 PaO

Pa-O (Southern)pla³³ ‘arrow, dart’Luangthongkum 13: 4

Pa-O (Northern)pla⁵⁵ ‘arrow, dart’Luangthongkum 13: 4

Pwo (Northern)pla¹¹¨ ‘arrow, dart’Luangthongkum 13: 4

Pwo (Southern)phla³³ ‘arrow, dart’Luangthongkum 13: 4

Sgaw (Southern)pla³¹ ‘arrow, dart’Luangthongkum 13: 4

Sgaw (Northern)pla¹¹¨ ‘arrow, dart’Luangthongkum 13: 4

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #2386, *g/b/m-la-y ‘BOW / ARROW’.

Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2386

Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].

References: cf. STC#449, HPTB

BibTeX

@misc{stedt-2386,
  title  = {{*g/b/m-la-y 'BOW / ARROW'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #2386},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2386}
}