Reconstruction analysis
prefixminitialdzrhymeam
Intermediate reconstructions
Connections
HPTB*m-dzam ‘bridge’pp. 251, 257
HPTB (PLB)*m-dzam¹ ‘bridge’pp. 19, 253, 254, 530
Reflexes & cognates259 reflexes · 18 subgroups
0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)1
2.1.1Western Himalayish3
2.1.2Bodic10
2.1.2.1Tibetan19
2.1.4Tamangish13
2.3.3Central Kiranti1
3.2Qiangic25
Guiqiong(zɑ̃⁵⁵pu⁵⁵morpheme) wu³⁵morphemetɕhyi⁵⁵morpheme v.‘cross (a bridge)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1363.16
Qiang (Mianchi)(lò)#1269 PTB *r-lu(ŋ/k) ‘STONE’PTani *lɯŋ ‘STONE’PKC *luŋ ‘STONE / ROCK’PCN *luŋ ‘STONE, ROCK’PTk *luŋ ‘STONE’PBG *loʔŋ-tai ‘STONE’PNN *C̥-luŋ ‘STONE’TGTM *ᴮʰjuŋ ‘STONE’PKir *ʔluŋ ‘STONE’PLB *k-lok ⪤ *k-loŋ ‘STONE’PL *k-lokᴸ ‘STONE’PKar *loŋᴮ ‘STONE, ROCK’ tshá ‘(stone) bridge’Evans 99 Qiang: 94
Qiang (Mianchi)tshá-kèmorpheme-gúmorpheme ‘cross (bridge) [bridge-go-return?]’Evans 99 Qiang: 1954
3.3rGyalrongic2
3.3.1rGyalrong80
4Nungic2
6.1Lolo-Burmese1
6.1.1Burmish17
6.1.2Loloish4
6.1.2.1Northern Loloish32
Nusu (Northern)ke³¹morphemegu⁵⁵#260 PTB *m-gam ‘LADDER / RAMP’dzɔ³⁵ɑ⁵⁵morpheme ‘ladder’Sun J 86 Nusu
6.1.2.2Central Loloish26
Lisu (Northern)hɔ³³#2676 PTB *syam ‘IRON’khɔ²¹#260 PTB *m-gam ‘LADDER / RAMP’dzø³³ ‘iron bridge’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)khɔ²¹#260 PTB *m-gam ‘LADDER / RAMP’dzø³³ gu²¹morphemekhɤ²¹morpheme ‘end of bridge’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)khɔ²¹#260 PTB *m-gam ‘LADDER / RAMP’dzø³³ tɔ³⁵morphemedu³³morpheme ‘frame of bridge’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)khɔ²¹#260 PTB *m-gam ‘LADDER / RAMP’dzø³³phi²¹morpheme ‘planks on bridge’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)lɔ³³#1269 PTB *r-lu(ŋ/k) ‘STONE’PTani *lɯŋ ‘STONE’PKC *luŋ ‘STONE / ROCK’PCN *luŋ ‘STONE, ROCK’PTk *luŋ ‘STONE’PBG *loʔŋ-tai ‘STONE’PNN *C̥-luŋ ‘STONE’TGTM *ᴮʰjuŋ ‘STONE’PKir *ʔluŋ ‘STONE’PLB *k-lok ⪤ *k-loŋ ‘STONE’PL *k-lokᴸ ‘STONE’PKar *loŋᴮ ‘STONE, ROCK’tshi³⁵morpheme khɔ²¹#260 PTB *m-gam ‘LADDER / RAMP’dzø³³ ‘stone bridge’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)ta³⁵morphemebja²¹morpheme khɔ²¹#260 PTB *m-gam ‘LADDER / RAMP’dzø³³ N‘staircase; ladder’Bradley 94 Lisu
6.1.2.3Southern Loloish19
Akha (Yunnan)lɔ́#3582 PTB *s-l(a/e)y ‘BRIDGE / LADDER’MesorootsPKC *lay ⪤ *hlay ‘BRIDGE’Allofams2a #3582 PTB *s-l(a/e)y ‘BRIDGE / LADDER’2b #5780 PTB *s-lak ⪤ *s-laŋ ‘BRIDGE / LADDER / STAIRS’ dzḿ ‘bridge’Hansson 89 AHKP: 286
Akha (Thai)lɔ́#3582 PTB *s-l(a/e)y ‘BRIDGE / LADDER’MesorootsPKC *lay ⪤ *hlay ‘BRIDGE’Allofams2a #3582 PTB *s-l(a/e)y ‘BRIDGE / LADDER’2b #5780 PTB *s-lak ⪤ *s-laŋ ‘BRIDGE / LADDER / STAIRS’-dzḿ ‘bridge’Hansson 89 AHKP: 286
Akha (Thai)lɔ́#3582 PTB *s-l(a/e)y ‘BRIDGE / LADDER’MesorootsPKC *lay ⪤ *hlay ‘BRIDGE’Allofams2a #3582 PTB *s-l(a/e)y ‘BRIDGE / LADDER’2b #5780 PTB *s-lak ⪤ *s-laŋ ‘BRIDGE / LADDER / STAIRS’-dzḿ ‘bridge’Hansson 89 AHKP: 380
Akhanaˇ#803 PTB *s-na ⪤ *s-naːr ‘NOSE’PKC *hnaar ‘NOSE’PCN *na(ʔ) ‘NOSE’PTk *na ‘NOSE’TGTM *ᴬʰna ‘NOSE’◦mehˇmorpheme◦naˇ#803 PTB *s-na ⪤ *s-naːr ‘NOSE’PKC *hnaar ‘NOSE’PCN *na(ʔ) ‘NOSE’PTk *na ‘NOSE’TGTM *ᴬʰna ‘NOSE’◦tsmˇ ‘bridge of nose’Matisoff 87 BP
Hani (Lüchun)ló#3582 PTB *s-l(a/e)y ‘BRIDGE / LADDER’MesorootsPKC *lay ⪤ *hlay ‘BRIDGE’Allofams2a #3582 PTB *s-l(a/e)y ‘BRIDGE / LADDER’2b #5780 PTB *s-lak ⪤ *s-laŋ ‘BRIDGE / LADDER / STAIRS’ dzɔ́ ‘bridge’Hansson 89 AHKP: 286
Hani (Lüchun)lɔ́#3582 PTB *s-l(a/e)y ‘BRIDGE / LADDER’MesorootsPKC *lay ⪤ *hlay ‘BRIDGE’Allofams2a #3582 PTB *s-l(a/e)y ‘BRIDGE / LADDER’2b #5780 PTB *s-lak ⪤ *s-laŋ ‘BRIDGE / LADDER / STAIRS’ dzɔ́ ‘bridge’Hansson 89 AHKP: 380
Hani (Dazhai)lɔ⁵⁵#3582 PTB *s-l(a/e)y ‘BRIDGE / LADDER’MesorootsPKC *lay ⪤ *hlay ‘BRIDGE’Allofams2a #3582 PTB *s-l(a/e)y ‘BRIDGE / LADDER’2b #5780 PTB *s-lak ⪤ *s-laŋ ‘BRIDGE / LADDER / STAIRS’dzɔ⁵⁵ ‘bridge’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 477.31
Hani (Lüchun)lɔ⁵⁵#3582 PTB *s-l(a/e)y ‘BRIDGE / LADDER’MesorootsPKC *lay ⪤ *hlay ‘BRIDGE’Allofams2a #3582 PTB *s-l(a/e)y ‘BRIDGE / LADDER’2b #5780 PTB *s-lak ⪤ *s-laŋ ‘BRIDGE / LADDER / STAIRS’dzɔ⁵⁵ n‘bridge’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0070.41
Hani (Gelanghe)lɔ⁵⁵#3582 PTB *s-l(a/e)y ‘BRIDGE / LADDER’MesorootsPKC *lay ⪤ *hlay ‘BRIDGE’Allofams2a #3582 PTB *s-l(a/e)y ‘BRIDGE / LADDER’2b #5780 PTB *s-lak ⪤ *s-laŋ ‘BRIDGE / LADDER / STAIRS’dzm̩⁵⁵ ‘bridge’Li Yongsui 86 Hani
6.1.2.4Southeastern Loloish3
6.2Naxi7
Cite this entry
STEDT etymon #3604,
*m-dzam ‘BRIDGE / LADDER’.Stable link:
https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/3604Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: cf. HPTB pp.251, 257
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-3604,
title = {{*m-dzam 'BRIDGE / LADDER'}},
author = {STEDT},
year = {2017},
note = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #3604},
url = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/3604}
}