STEDT
STEDT #1310

*s-la(ː)m

ARMSPAN / FATHOM / CORD
Proto-Tibeto-Burman · exemplary

Reconstruction analysis

handlelaminitiallrhymeamcoverL · N

Intermediate reconstructions

Tani*rjam ‘FATHOM’JS-HCST: 143
Kuki-Chin*la(a)m ⪤ *hla(a)m ‘YARD / ARMSPAN / CORD’PKC #1071
Lolo-Burmese*s-lam¹/² ‘FATHOM’cf. HPTB pp.249, 253, 254
Karenic*blaᴮ ‘ARMSPAN (with closed hand)’TL#168

Connections

HPTB*la(ː)m ‘fathom’pp. 48, 251, 298
HPTB (PLB)*s-lam¹/² ‘fathom’pp. 249, 253, 254

Chinese comparandum

OC *dzi̯əm, GSR #662a ‘measure of 8 chǐ ()’; B & S 2011: *sə-ləm {sə-l[ə]m}; Mand. xún.

Reflexes & cognates101 reflexes · 27 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)2

1.1.1Tani1

*Tanirjam ‘fathom’Sun J 93 HCST: 143

1.1.1.1Western Tani9

Apatani(aprefix-lamorpheme) lje-ŋemorpheme ‘fathom’Sun J 93 Tani
Apatanilje-nɯŋmorpheme ‘fathom’Sun J 93 Tani
Apatanilje-ŋemorpheme ‘fathom’Sun J 93 Tani
Bengnirjam ‘fathom’Sun J 93 HCST
Bengnirjam ‘fathom’Sun J 93 Tani
Bokaraprefix-jam ‘classifier (fathom)’Sun J 93 Tani
Bokarjam ‘fathom’Sun J 93 HCST
Bokar Lhobaao jam ‘fathom=6 feet’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 959.51

1.1.1.2Eastern Tani1

Padam-Mishing [Abor-Miri]bommorpheme-jam ‘fathom’Sun J 93 HCST

1.2Kuki-Chin1

*Chinla(a)m ⪤ hla(a)m ‘YARD / ARMSPAN / CORD’VanBik 09 PKC: 1071

1.2.1.1Northern Chin3

Kuki-Chinlam ‘cord / fathom (outstretched arms)’Haokip 98: 13.4
Thadoláam ‘yard (measurement: spread arms)’VanBik 09 PKC: 1071
Tiddimlaam ‘fathom’LaPolla 87: 147

1.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin2

Cho (Mindat)lam ‘span of the arms’VanBik 09 PKC: 1071
Khumiláang ‘fathom (distance from one hand to the other with outstretched arms)’VanBik 09 PKC: 1071

1.2.2Central Chin4

Lai (Hakha)lâm ‘yard (measurement: one fingertip from the other)’VanBik 09 PKC: 1071
Lushai [Mizo]hlám n‘measurement (the distance between the tip of the fingers on the right hand to the same on the left, with the arms extended)’VanBik 09 PKC: 1071

1.2.3Maraic1

Lakher [Mara] n‘measurement: one fingertip from the other’VanBik 09 PKC: 1071

1.2.4“Old Kuki”2

Kom Remləm ‘cord / fathom (outstretched ar’Toba 91 KRQ: 13.4
Sorbunglaam-kʰàt ‘cord, one; fathom, one’Mortensen 11 Sorbung: BodyParts.359

1.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)3

*Aoaprefix-hnəm ‘FATHOM’Bruhn 14 PCN: II.237
Ao (Chungli)prefix-nəm² n.‘fathom, armspan (middle finger to middle finger)’Bruhn 14 PCN: II.237
Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)aprefixhnəm ‘armspan (both arms extended)’Coupe 07 Ao

1.3.4Tangkhulic2

Huishulam morpheme ‘left fingertip to right fingertip (one unit)’Mortensen 12 Tk: BodyParts.348

1.4Meithei1

Meitheiləm ‘cord / fathom’Singh 91 MeiQ: 13.4

1.7.3.1Jingpho7

Jingpholām ‘fathom / cubit’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 116

2.1.2Bodic3

Tshona (Wenlang)glam³⁵ ‘fathom, cord’Lu 86 CuoM
Cuona Menbaklam³⁵ ‘hug / hold in the arms’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1149.06

3.2Qiangic11

Ersulio⁵⁵ ‘cord / fathom’Sun H 91 ErsQ
Ersulio⁵⁵ ‘fathom=6 feet’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 959.18
Lyuzu(te⁵⁵morpheme) liu⁵³ clf‘fathom’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0899.18
Namuyiɬy⁵⁵ ‘cord / fathom’Sun H 91 NamQ: 13.4
Namuyiɬy⁵⁵ ‘fathom=6 feet’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 959.19
Namuyiɬu⁵³ clf‘fathom’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0899.46
Pumi (Qinghua)tə⁵⁵prefix liɛ̃⁵⁵ ‘fathom’Lu 83 Pumi
Queyu (Xinlong)(tɯ⁵⁵morpheme) lu⁵⁵ clf‘fathom’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0899.13
Queyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba]tə³⁵morpheme lõ⁵⁵ ‘cord / fathom (outstretched ar’Sun H 91 ZhaQ: 13.4
Queyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba]tə³⁵morphemelõ⁵⁵ ‘fathom=6 feet’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 959.16
Zhaba (Daofu County)(tɛ⁵⁵morpheme) li⁵⁵ clf‘fathom’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0899.14

3.3rGyalrongic1

Ergong (Daofu)ʔlo ‘cord / fathom’Dai 89 Daof: 13.4

4Nungic5

Rawanglam⁵³ ‘fathom (fingertip to fingertip of out-stretched arms)’LaPolla 03: 936
Trung [Dulong] (Dulonghe)ti⁵⁵morpheme lam⁵³ ‘fathom’LaPolla 87: 147
Trung [Dulong] (Dulonghe)ti⁵⁵morpheme lɑ̆m⁵³ ‘fathom’Sun H 82 Dul
Trung [Dulong] (Nujiang)tśi⁵⁵morpheme lam⁵³ ‘fathom’LaPolla 87: 147
Trung [Dulong] (Nujiang)tɕi⁵⁵morpheme lɑ̆m⁵³ ‘fathom’Sun H 82 Dul

6.1Lolo-Burmese1

*Lolo-Burmeses-lam¹/² ‘fathom’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 599

6.1.1Burmish21

Achang (Longchuan)lam⁵⁵ ‘fathom, cord’Dai 85 AcJZ
Achang (Longchuan)lam⁵⁵ ‘fathom’LaPolla 87: 147
Achang (Longchuan)lam⁵⁵ ‘fathom=6 feet’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 959.41
Burmese (Written)aprefixlam ‘fathom’LaPolla 87: 147
Burmese (Written)ăprefixlam ‘fathom’Benedict 72 STC: 71n220
Burmese (Written)lam ‘measure with arms extended’Benedict 76 WBur
Burmese (Written)lam ‘encompass with the arms’Benedict 72 STC: 71n220
Burmese (Written)əprefix-laṁ n.‘fathom, four cubits’Benedict 76 WBur
Lashilam³¹ ‘cord / fathom’Dai 89 Lash: 13.4
Lashilam³¹ v.‘fingertip to fingertip’Dai 89 Lash: 13.4.2
Atsi [Zaiwa]lam⁵¹ ‘fathom’LaPolla 87: 147
Atsi [Zaiwa]lam⁵¹ adj‘wide / broad’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0976.30
Atsi [Zaiwa]lam⁵¹ adj‘spacious / commodious’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0978.30
Atsi [Zaiwa]lam⁵¹ ‘fathom=6 feet’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 959.42

6.1.2Loloish1

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish3

Nusu (Central)la³⁵ ‘fathom’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Southern)liɛ³⁵ ‘fathom, cord’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Northern)lɔ³¹ ‘fathom’Sun J 86 Nusu

6.1.2.2Central Loloish6

Jinuo (Youle)ɬɛ⁴⁴ ‘fathom’Gai 86
Lahu (Black) ‘fathom / cubit’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 116
Lahu (Black)lu³¹ ‘fathom’Chang 86
Lahu (Black)te⁵³morphemelo³¹ ‘fathom=6 feet’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 959.33
Lahu (Yellow)lu³¹ ‘fathom’Chang 86

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish5

Akhalḿ ‘fathom’Hansson 89 AHKP: xxx
Hani (Dazhai)lɔ⁵⁵ ‘fathom, cord’Li Yongsui 86 Hani
Hani (Caiyuan)le⁵⁵ ‘fathom, cord’Li Yongsui 86 Hani
Hani (Gelanghe)lm̩⁵⁵ ‘fathom, cord’Li Yongsui 86 Hani
Hani (Shuikui)lu⁵⁵ ‘fathom, cord’Li Yongsui 86 Hani

7Karenic10

*Karenblaᴮ ‘linear measure about half a yard (closed-hand)’Luangthongkum 13: 168
Kayahple¹¹ ‘linear measure about half a yard (closed-hand)’Luangthongkum 13: 168
Kayanpla¹¹ ‘linear measure about half a yard (closed-hand)’Luangthongkum 13: 168
Kayawpla¹¹ ‘linear measure about half a yard (closed-hand)’Luangthongkum 13: 168
Pa-Oklɛ̀m ‘fathom (Tatawk dialect)’Solnit 89 PaO
Pa-Oprefixkhrɛ̀m ‘fathom’Solnit 89 PaO
Pwo (Northern)phla¹¹¨ ‘linear measure about half a yard (closed-hand)’Luangthongkum 13: 168
Pwo (Southern)phla³³ ‘linear measure about half a yard (closed-hand)’Luangthongkum 13: 168
Sgaw (Southern)pla³¹ ‘linear measure about half a yard (closed-hand)’Luangthongkum 13: 168
Sgaw (Northern)pla¹¹¨ ‘linear measure about half a yard (closed-hand)’Luangthongkum 13: 168

9Sinitic2

Chinese (Hanzi) ‘measure of 8 chǐ 尺.’BaxterSagart 2011: 3253
Chinese (GSR #)0662a ‘measure of 8 chǐ 尺.’BaxterSagart 2011: 3253

9.0.1Old Chinese1

Chinese (Old/Mid)dzi̯əm ‘a measure (eight 尺)’Karlgren 57 GSR: 662a

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #1310, *s-la(ː)m ‘ARMSPAN / FATHOM / CORD’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/1310
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: cf. STC p.71, HPTB pp.48, 251, 298
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-1310,
  title  = {{*s-la(ː)m 'ARMSPAN / FATHOM / CORD'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #1310},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/1310}
}