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STEDT #2232

ʔap ⪤ gaːp

SHOOT

Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

handlegaːpinitialgrhymeaːpcoverK · T

Intermediate reconstructions

Tani*ap ‘SHOOT (v.)’JS-HCST: 145

Kuki-Chin*kaap ‘SHOOT’PKC #309

Tangkhulic*kaap ‘SHOOT’DRM#531

Karenic*khaɁᴰ ‘SHOOT (v.)’TL#255

Connections

HPTB*ʔap ⪤ *gaːp ‘shoot’pp. 57, 137, 340

Reflexes & cognates116 reflexes · 29 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)3

*Tibeto-Burmangaːp ‘shoot’Mortensen 12 Tk

*Tibeto-Burmangaːp ‘shoot (bow, gun)’Benedict 72 STC: 219

*Tibeto-Burmanʔap ⪤ gaːp ‘shoot’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 583

1.1.1Tani1

*Taniap v‘shoot’Sun J 93 HCST: 355

1.1.1.1Western Tani21

Apatanié ‘shoot’Sun J 93 Tani

Apatanieʔ v‘shoot’Sun J 93 HCST

Apatanieʔ ‘shoot’Sun J 93 Tani

Apatanieʔ-daʔ#296 PTB *r-duŋ ‘BEAT / STRIKE / POUND / FLOG’PTani *dɯŋ ~ *ǰɯŋ ‘BEAT / FLOG’PTk *duŋ ‘POUND (v.t.)’PKar *dɔŋᴮ ‘POUND (v.)’ ‘hit (with gunshot)’Sun J 93 Tani

Bengniap v‘shoot’Sun J 93 HCST

Bengniap ‘shoot’Sun J 93 Tani

Bengniap-ǰik#6259 PTani *bjək ‘HIT (target)’ ‘hit (target)’Sun J 93 Tani

Bokarop ‘shoot’Sun J 93 Tani

Bokarop v.‘shoot (an arrow)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1611.24

Bokarop dokmorpheme v.‘shot, have (the target)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1612.24

Bokarop lak#5670 NEIA *lak ‘HIT / BEAT / STRIKE’ ‘hit, have (the target)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1232.24

Bokarop raːmorpheme v‘war, go to / battle’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1233.24

Bokarop rhyme! v‘shoot’Sun J 93 HCST

Bokarop-raːmorpheme ‘fight’Sun J 93 Tani

Bokar Lhobaop ‘shoot’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 688.51

Bokar Lhobaop raːmorpheme ‘fight’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 709.51

Galo`ab◦namsuffix vt.‘shoot’GLDC 09 Galo

Nishingmubuk#5411 PTB *m-puk ‘SHOOT’PLB *m-pökᴴ ‘SHOOT’ ab-namsuffix ‘shoot’Das Gupta 69 Daf

Taginab◦namsuffix v‘shoot’Das Gupta 83 Tag

Taginap◦ki#3301 PTB *kay ‘DIE’PTani *-ka ~ *-ke ‘DEAD (resultative verbal particle)’-namsuffix v‘kill with a gun’Das Gupta 83 Tag

Taginap◦namsuffix v‘shoot’Das Gupta 83 Tag

1.1.1.2Eastern Tani5

Padam-Mishing [Abor-Miri]ap v‘shoot’Sun J 93 HCST

Damuʔamorpheme-pimorpheme ʔap ‘shoot (arrow)’Sun J 93 Tani

Milangap-masuffix ‘shoot’Tayeng 76 Mil

Milangap-pumorpheme-masuffix ‘hunt’Tayeng 76 Mil

Mishing [Miri]ap ‘shoot (bow, gun)’Benedict 72 STC: 219

1.2Kuki-Chin1

*Chinkaap VanBik 09 PKC: 309

1.2.1.1Northern Chin9

Paitekap ‘shoot’VanBik 09 PKC: 309

Sizangkāp hī ‘shoot’VanBik 09 PKC: 309

Thadokâap-I, kàap-II ‘shoot’VanBik 09 PKC: 309

Thadokáp ‘shoot’Thirumalai 72: 54

Thadokàp ‘shoot’Thirumalai 72: 61

Tiddimkaːp¹ ‘shoot’VanBik 09 PKC: 309

Tiddimkaːp¹ v‘shoot’Bhaskararao 96 CDB: 573

Tiddimkaːp¹ ‘shoot’Bhaskararao 94 TCV

Tiddimˊkaːp/ˋkaːp v‘shoot at’Henderson 65 TidC

1.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin3

Ashokaw̌k ‘shoot’VanBik 09 PKC: 309

Cho (Mindat)kap-I, kah-II ‘shoot’VanBik 09 PKC: 309

Khumiko ‘shoot, kill’VanBik 09 PKC: 309

1.2.2Central Chin6

Lai (Hakha)kaap-I, kaʔ-II ‘shoot’VanBik 09 PKC: 309

Lai (Falam)kâap-INV ‘shoot’VanBik 09 PKC: 309

Lushai [Mizo]kâap-I, kàh-II v‘shoot, to fire (a gun)’VanBik 09 PKC: 309

Lushai [Mizo]kâp ‘shoot’Marrison 67 Naga

Lushai [Mizo]kaːp v‘shoot at’Bhaskararao 96 CDB: 2506

Lushai [Mizo]kaːp ‘shoot (bow, gun)’Benedict 72 STC: 219

1.2.3Maraic1

Lakher [Mara]ká ‘shoot’VanBik 09 PKC: 309

1.2.4“Old Kuki”1

Sorbungkáap v.‘shoot’Mortensen 11 Sorbung: Verbs.086

1.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)3

Ao (Mongsen)kɯ̀p v.‘shoot’Temsunungsang 09 Ao: 14

Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)kə̀p v.‘shoot, strike [shot, struck]’Coupe 07 Ao

Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)kəp-sa#5369 PCN *ʃa ‘SPREAD / DISPERSE’ v.‘scatter [scattered] (carrom pips, snooker balls etc.) ('shoot' + SPREAD)’Coupe 07 Ao

1.3.4Tangkhulic8

*Tangkhulickaap ‘shoot’Mortensen 12 Tk: 531

Huishukəmorpheme-kaʔ ‘shoot’Mortensen 12 Tk: Plants.022

Kachaikəmorpheme-kop v.‘shoot’Mortensen 12 Tk: Verbs.063

Tangkhulkap ‘shoot’Bhat 69 TNV: 96

Tangkhulkap ‘shoot’Marrison 67 Naga

Tusomkəmorpheme-kɯə ‘shoot’Mortensen 12 Tk: Verbs.079

Ukhrulkəmorpheme-kap ‘shoot’Mortensen 12 Tk

Ukhrulkʰəmorpheme-ŋəmorpheme-kap ‘shoot one another’Mortensen 12 Tk

1.4Meithei3

Meitheikap ‘shoot’Marrison 67 Naga

Meitheikap◦sinbəmorpheme v.‘shoot inside’Abbi 85

Meitheikap◦thokpəmorpheme v.‘ejaculate’Singh 91 MeiQ: 10.3.8

1.5Mikir [Karbi]1

Mikir [Karbi]ap ‘shoot’Marrison 67 Naga

1.7.1.1Bodo1

Dimasagau ‘shoot (bow, gun)’Benedict 72 STC: 219

1.7.1.2Garo1

Garogo ‘shoot (bow, gun)’Benedict 72 STC: 219

1.7.2Northern Naga/Konyakian1

*Northern Nagaʔ-kaːp v.‘shoot’French 83: 545

1.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte1

Tangsa (Moshang)gap ‘shoot’Marrison 67 Naga

1.7.2.2Konyak-Chang3

Changkib ‘shoot’Marrison 67 Naga

Konyakkhep ‘shoot’Marrison 67 Naga

Phomlæʔ³³morphemegæp⁵⁵ ‘shoot (as a gun)’Burling 98 Phom

1.7.3.1Jingpho5

Jingphogap ‘shoot’Marrison 67 Naga

Jingphogăp ‘shoot (bow, gun)’Benedict 72 STC: 219

Jingphokap³¹ ‘shoot’Liu 84

Jingphokap³¹ v.‘shoot (an arrow)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1611.19

Jingphokap³¹ ‘shoot’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 688.47

2.1.2Bodic4

Tsangla (Central)gap ‘shoot (bow, gun)’Benedict 72 STC: 219

Tsangla (Motuo)gap ‘shoot’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 688.7

Tsangla (Motuo)kap¹³ ‘shoot’Zhang Jichuan 86

Motuo Menbagap v.‘shoot (an arrow)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1611.07

2.1.3Lepcha2

Lepchaóp ‘shoot (bow, gun)’Benedict 72 STC: 219

Lepchaʔóp v.‘shoot’Plaisier 07 Lepcha

2.3.1Eastern Kiranti5

Athpare (Rai)ab-uemorpheme ‘shoot’Ebert 97 Athpare

Athpare (Rai)ap- ‘shoot’Ebert 97 Athpare

Athpare (Rai)ap◦mamorpheme ‘shoot’Ebert 97 Athpare

Limbuap v.‘shoot’Michailovsky 89 Lm

Yamphuap◦mamorpheme v‘shoot (e.g. arrows, bullets)’Rutgers 98: 526.03

2.3.2Southern Kiranti3

Bantawaap v‘shoot’Rai 85 BnDs

Chamlingap- ‘hunt, shoot’Winter 85

Kulungap-umorpheme v.‘shoot’Rai 75 Kul

2.3.4Western Kiranti3

Bahingap ‘shoot (bow, gun)’Benedict 72 STC: 219

Hayuwop ‘shoot (bow, gun)’Benedict 72 STC: 219

Sunwar'āp-cāmorpheme v‘shoot’Hale 73 CSD: 03b.28

2.4Kham-Magar-Chepang6

Chepangʔap- vt.‘throw, shoot at target (arrow, object)’Caughley 00 Chepang

Chepangʔap-samorpheme ‘shoot’Caughley 72 CVoc: 3.B.28

Chepangʔāp.sāmorpheme v‘shoot’Hale 73 CSD: 03b.28

Kham'āp-nyāmorpheme v‘shoot’Hale 73 CSD: 03b.28

Magarngāp-ke v‘shoot’Hale 73 CSD: 03b.28

Magarŋap ‘shoot (bow, gun)’Benedict 72 STC: 219

3.2Qiangic8

Muyaqho⁵⁵lə̱⁵³morpheme v.‘shoot (an arrow)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1611.15

Muya [Minyak]qho⁵⁵lɯ⁵³morpheme ‘shoot’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 688.15

Namuyiqha³⁵ ‘shoot’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 688.19

Namuyiqha³¹ v.‘shoot (an arrow)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1611.46

Qiang (Longxi)qhò v.‘shoot’Evans 99 Qiang: 2312

Qiang (Mawo)qhuʴ v.‘shoot (an arrow)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1611.08

Qiang (Mawo)qhuʴ ‘shoot’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 688.8

Qiang (Taoping)qhɑ³³ ‘shoot’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 688.9

4Nungic4

Anonghwap ‘shoot (bow, gun)’Benedict 72 STC: 219

Dulongɑp⁵⁵ v.‘shoot (an arrow)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1611.20

Trung [Dulong]ɑp⁵⁵ ‘shoot’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 688.46

Trung [Dulong] (Nujiang)ɑp⁵⁵ ‘shoot’Sun H 82 Dul

7Karenic12

*Karen [Burling]khaɁ² v.‘shoot’Luangthongkum 13: 255

*KarenkhaɁᴰ v.‘shoot’Luangthongkum 13: 255

Bwekhɛ³³ v.‘shoot’Luangthongkum 13: 255

Kayahkhe⁵⁵ v.‘shoot’Luangthongkum 13: 255

KayankhaɁ⁴⁵ v.‘shoot’Luangthongkum 13: 255

Kayawkha³³ v.‘shoot’Luangthongkum 13: 255

Pa-O (Northern)khaɁ²¹ v.‘shoot’Luangthongkum 13: 255

Pa-O (Southern)khaɁ²¹ v.‘shoot’Luangthongkum 13: 255

Pwo (Northern)khaɁ⁴⁵ v.‘shoot’Luangthongkum 13: 255

Pwo (Southern)khaɁ²¹ v.‘shoot’Luangthongkum 13: 255

Sgaw (Southern)khaɁ²¹ v.‘shoot’Luangthongkum 13: 255

Sgaw (Northern)khaɁ⁴⁵ v.‘shoot’Luangthongkum 13: 255

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #2232, *ʔap ⪤ *gaːp ‘SHOOT’.

Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2232

Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].

References: cf. STC#219, HPTB pp. 57, 137, 340

BibTeX

@misc{stedt-2232,
  title  = {{*ʔap ⪤ *gaːp 'SHOOT'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #2232},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2232}
}