*ha(ː)k

HAWK / GAG / CHOKE

Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

handlehaːkinitialhrhymeaːkcoverH · T

Intermediate reconstructions

Kuki-Chin*haak ‘CHOKE / GAG / THROTTLE’PKC #704

Central Naga (Ao Group)*a-hrak ‘CHOKE (vi.)’PCN #255

Connections

HPTB*ha(ː)k ⪤ *kak ‘gag / choke’pp. 57, 325

Notes

This etymon definitely has an onomatopoetic component (witness the English near-homophone hawk). There is a possible allofamic relationship with #1795 PTB *kwak COUGH and/or #540 PTB *k(r)aːk PHLEGM / SPUTUM / MUCUS.

Reflexes & cognates16 reflexes · 7 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)2

*Tibeto-Burmanha(ː)k ⪤ kak ‘gag / choke’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 593

*Tibeto-Burmanhaːk ‘hawk / gag / choke’Benedict 72 STC: 323

1.2Kuki-Chin1

*Chinhaak ‘CHOKE / GAG / THROTTLE’VanBik 09 PKC: 704

1.2.1.1Northern Chin2

Sizanghāk hī ‘choke’VanBik 09 PKC: 704

Tiddimhaːk¹ ‘choke while eating’VanBik 09 PKC: 704

1.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin1

Ashohák ‘throttle’VanBik 09 PKC: 704

1.2.2Central Chin4

Lai (Hakha)haak-INV ‘choke, gag, throttle’VanBik 09 PKC: 704

Lushai [Mizo]hâak v‘swallow the wrong way or so as to choke, to catch one's breath’VanBik 09 PKC: 704

Lushai [Mizo]haːk v‘swallow the wrong way or so as to choke’Bhaskararao 96 CDB: 2342

Lushai [Mizo]haːk ‘choke’Benedict 72 STC: 323

1.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)7

*Central Nagaaprefix-hrak vi.‘CHOKE’Bruhn 14 PCN: III.255

*Aoaprefix.hɹak vi.‘CHOKE / DROWN’Bruhn 14 PCN: II.301

Ao (Chungli)a³prefixɹak¹ vi.‘drown, choke’Bruhn 14 PCN: II.301

Ao (Chungli)áprefix◦rɯ̀k v.‘drown’Temsunungsang 09 Ao: 6

Ao (Mongsen)áprefix◦ʰrɯ̀k v.‘drown’Temsunungsang 09 Ao: 13

Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)aprefix◦hɹək v.‘drown [drowned]’Coupe 07 Ao

Lotha Nagae¹prefix-hrək²- vi.‘choke’Bruhn 14 PCN: III.255

6.1.1Burmish4

Burmese (Written)hak v.‘hawk, raise phlegm’Benedict 76 WBur

Burmese (Written)hak v.‘stretch ( the mouth ) , to gag; to gash ( bamboo ) obliquely; to slit ( the mouth )’Benedict 76 WBur

Burmese (Written)hak ‘hawk, raise phlegm’Benedict 72 STC: 323

Burmese (Written)hak ‘stretch (the mouth), gag’Benedict 72 STC: 323

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #2260, *ha(ː)k ‘HAWK / GAG / CHOKE’.

Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2260

Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].

References: cf. STC#323, HPTB pp.57, 325

BibTeX

@misc{stedt-2260,
  title  = {{*ha(ː)k 'HAWK / GAG / CHOKE'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #2260},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2260}
}