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STEDT #1795

*kwak

COUGH

Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

handlekakinitialkrhymeakcoverK · T

Intermediate reconstructions

Kuki-Chin*khuʔ ‘COUGH’PKC #433

Central Naga (Ao Group)*a-khu(t) ‘COUGH (v.)’PCN #082

Tangkhulic*kʰa ‘COUGH’DRM#324

Karenic*kukᴰ ‘COUGH (v.)’TL#63

Connections

Poss. allofam*k(r)aːk ‘PHLEGM / SPUTUM / MUCUS’

Notes

There is a possible relationship between this root and #540 PTB *k(r)aːk PHLEGM / SPUTUM / MUCUS, the latter also now being reconstructed with a medial glide. Cf. also #2260 PTB *ha(ː)k HAWK / GAG / CHOKE.

Chinese comparandum

咳 OC *k’əg, GSR #937g ‘cough’; B & S 2011: *kʰˁək-s; Mand. ké.

Reflexes & cognates73 reflexes · 20 subgroups

0Sino-Tibetan (previously published reconstructions)1

*Sino-Tibetankhək ‘cough’Coblin 86: 58

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)2

*Tibeto-Burmankaːk ‘cough’Coblin 86: 58

*Tibeto-Burmankɑːk ‘cough up / phlegm’Chou 72: 937g

1NE Indian Areal Group1

Mijikʰɯu v.‘cough’Simon 79 Miji

1.2Kuki-Chin2

*Chinkhuʔ VanBik 09 PKC: 433

Analpìprefix-ìmorpheme-khᴜ̀ v.‘cough’Weidert 87 TBTo: 948

1.2.1.1Northern Chin3

Paitekhuh ‘cough’VanBik 09 PKC: 433

Thadokhûu-I, khûut ‘cough’VanBik 09 PKC: 433

Tiddimkhuʔ³ ‘cough’VanBik 09 PKC: 433

1.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin3

Ashonˋprefixkʻuˊˊ ‘cough’VanBik 09 PKC: 433

Cho (Mindat)mprefix-khuh v‘make (s.o.) cough’VanBik 09 PKC: 433

Khumipkhiw ‘cough’VanBik 09 PKC: 433

1.2.2Central Chin5

Lai (Hakha)khuʔ-INV ‘cough’VanBik 09 PKC: 433

Lai (Falam)khùʔ-INV ‘cough’VanBik 09 PKC: 433

Lushai [Mizo]khuh v.‘cough’Matisoff 87 BP

Lushai [Mizo]khùh v‘cough’VanBik 09 PKC: 433

Lushai [Mizo]khuʔ v.‘cough’Weidert 87 TBTo: 948

1.2.3Maraic1

Lakher [Mara]²pəprefix²khu v.‘cough’Weidert 87 TBTo: 948

1.2.4“Old Kuki”3

Kom Reminmorpheme-khú v.‘cough’Weidert 87 TBTo: 948

Kom Remənmorpheme◦kʰu ‘cough’Toba 91 KRQ: 11.1

Lamkangkʌmorpheme-pumorpheme-khú v.‘cough’Weidert 87 TBTo: 948

1.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)13

The final *-t in this meso-root is unexplained, but we are including it here for now.

*Central Nagaaprefix-khu(t) v.Bruhn 14 PCN: III.082

*Aoaprefix.khət v.Bruhn 14 PCN: II.086

Ao (Chungli)a³prefixkət¹ v.‘cough’Bruhn 14 PCN: II.086

Ao (Chungli)aprefix◦ket ‘cough’Marrison 67 Naga

Ao (Mongsen: Longchang)aprefix◦khet ‘cough’Marrison 67 Naga

Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)aprefix◦khət v.‘cough [coughed]’Coupe 07 Ao

Lotha Nagae¹prefix-khu³- v.‘cough’Bruhn 14 PCN: III.082

Lotha Nagaeprefix◦khu ‘cough’Marrison 67 Naga

Lotha Nagaeprefix◦khü ‘cough’Murry 78: 25

Lotha Nagaeprefix◦khü◦asuffix ‘cough’Murry 78: 25

Lotha Nagaeprefix◦khu◦asuffix ‘cough’Nienu 90 LotQ: 11.1

Sangtamkhu ‘cough’Marrison 67 Naga

Yimchungrüaprefix◦khü v.‘cough’Kumar 73 Yim: 38

1.3.3Zeme Group2

Liangmeimaprefix-khû v.‘cough’Weidert 87 TBTo: 948

Rongmei / Nruanghmeinprefix-xau v.‘cough’Weidert 87 TBTo: 948

1.3.4Tangkhulic6

*Tangkhulickʰa ‘cough’Mortensen 12 Tk: 324

Kachaikʰəmorpheme-məmorpheme-kʰu ‘cough’Mortensen 12 Tk: BodyParts.310

Tangkhulkha ‘cough’Bhat 69 TNV: 87

Tangkhulkhamorpheme◦mamorpheme◦khā v.‘cough’Matisoff 87 BP

Tusomkʰamorpheme-ŋmorpheme-kʃi ‘cough’Mortensen 12 Tk: BodyParts.322

Ukhrulkʰəmorpheme-məmorpheme-kʰa ‘cough’Mortensen 12 Tk

1.4Meithei3

Meitheilokmorpheme khu◦bəsuffix ‘cough’Singh 91 MeiQ: 11.1

Meitheilokmorpheme khu◦dokpəmorpheme ‘clear throat’Singh 91 MeiQ: 11.8

Meitheilokmorpheme◦khu ‘cough’Marrison 67 Naga

1.5Mikir [Karbi]3

Mikir [Karbi]chmorpheme-.ingprefix◦khák- ‘cough’Grüssner 79 BP: 67

Mikir [Karbi]chmorpheme-.ingprefix◦khák- ‘clear throat’Grüssner 79 BP: 67

Mikir [Karbi]tśiŋmorpheme khak ‘expectorate, clear throat, cough up; phlegm, sputum’Benedict 72 STC: 323

2.1.1Western Himalayish1

Bunangoks ‘cough’Sharma, S.R. 91 Bu: 11.1

2.1.2.1Tibetan5

Dzongkhaʔlomorpheme-khᴜʔ v.‘cough’Weidert 87 TBTo: 948

Tibetan (Written)k'ogs-pasuffix v.‘cough’Matisoff 87 BP

Tibetan (Written)khogs ‘cough’Marrison 67 Naga

Tibetan (Written)khogs(-pasuffix) v,n‘cough’Benedict 72 STC: 184n482

Tibetan (Written)khogs-pasuffix v.‘cough’Weidert 87 TBTo: 948

2.4Kham-Magar-Chepang5

Kham'khā◦simorpheme-nyāsuffix v.‘cough’Matisoff 87 BP

Khamkha◦simorpheme-nyasuffix v.‘cough’Watters 89 KhQ: 2.B.2.26

Khamkʰa◦simorpheme-nyasuffix v.‘cough’Watters 89 KhQ: 2.B.2.26

Magarcu#5468 PTB *səw-t ‘COUGH’-khe n‘cough’Hale 73 CSD: 10a.26

Magarcu#5468 PTB *səw-t ‘COUGH’-khe v.‘cough’Matisoff 87 BP

7Karenic23

*Karenkukᴰ v.‘cough’Luangthongkum 13: 63

*Karen [Burling]kuɁ² v.‘cough’Luangthongkum 13: 63

*Karen (Pwo-Sgaw)kúʔ ‘cough’Jones 61: 286

*Karen (Sgaw)kuʔ ‘cough’Jones 61: 286

*Karen (Pwo)kɔ́ʔ ‘cough’Jones 61: 286

Bweθəprefix-khù v.‘cough’Weidert 87 TBTo: 948

Bweθə⁵⁵morphemekhu³³ v.‘cough’Luangthongkum 13: 63

Kayahkhɨ⁵⁵ v.‘cough’Luangthongkum 13: 63

KayankhuɁ⁴⁵ v.‘cough’Luangthongkum 13: 63

Kayawkhɨ³³ v.‘cough’Luangthongkum 13: 63

Pa-O (Northern)(taɁ²¹morphemehe⁵⁵morpheme) khuk²¹ v.‘cough’Luangthongkum 13: 63

Palaychilə́qmorpheme◦kùq ‘cough’Jones 61: 286

Pwo (Northern)kauɁ⁴⁵ v.‘cough’Luangthongkum 13: 63

Pwo (Southern)kɔuɁ³¹ v.‘cough’Luangthongkum 13: 63

Pwo (Bassein)kɔ̀ʔ ‘cough’Jones 61: 286

Pwo (Moulmein)kàuʔ ‘cough’Jones 61: 286

Sgaw (Northern)kuɁ⁴⁵ v.‘cough’Luangthongkum 13: 63

Sgaw (Southern)kɔuɁ²¹ v.‘cough’Luangthongkum 13: 63

Sgaw⁴kuʔ v.‘cough’Weidert 87 TBTo: 948

Sgaw (Bassein)kuʔ ‘cough’Jones 61: 286

Karen (Sgaw/Hinthada)tθă³¹prefix ku̱⁵⁵ ‘cough’Dai 89 KarB: 2111

Sgaw (Moulmein)kuʔ ‘cough’Jones 61: 286

Karen (Sgaw/Yue)ku̱ʔ⁵⁵ ‘cough’Dai 89 KarA: 2111

9.0.1Old Chinese2

Chinese (Old/Mid)kə́g/kʻɑ̥̂i ‘cough’Chou 72: 937g

Chinese (Old)khəgh ‘cough’Coblin 86: 58

9.0.2Middle Chinese1

Chinese (Middle)khəï- ‘cough’Coblin 86: 58

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #1795, *kwak ‘COUGH’.

Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/1795

Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].

BibTeX

@misc{stedt-1795,
  title  = {{*kwak 'COUGH'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #1795},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/1795}
}