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Animals and Animal Verbs › Other Animals › Birds (in general)

STEDT #2346

*m-k(r)əw

DOVE / PIGEON

Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

handlekruwprefixminitialk(r)rhymeəwcoverK · VNLW

Intermediate reconstructions

Tani*kɯ ‘DOVE / PIGEON’JS-HCST: 168

Kuki-Chin*khruu ‘DOVE’PKC #1343

Tangkhulic*ʃu ‘DOVE’DRM#706

Loloish*m-krəw² ‘DOVE’

Connections

HPTB*m-k(r)əw ‘dove’pp. 125, 134, 199

Chinese comparandum

鳩 OC *ki̯ôg, GSR #992n ‘pigeon, turtledove’; Coblin 86:118 *kjəɣw; B & S 2011: *ku {[k](r)u}; Mand. jiū.

Reflexes & cognates112 reflexes · 32 subgroups

0Sino-Tibetan (previously published reconstructions)1

*Sino-Tibetankjəɣw ‘pigeon / dove’Coblin 86: 118

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)7

*Tibeto-Burmankruw ‘pigeon’Weidert 87 TBTo: 250

*Tibeto-Burmankruw ‘dove’Benedict 72 STC: 118

*Tibeto-Burmankuw ‘pigeon / turtledove’Chou 72: 992n

*Tibeto-Burmankuw ‘pigeon’Benedict 72 STC: 495

*Tibeto-Burmankuw (*A) ‘pigeon / dove’Coblin 86: 118

*Tibeto-Burmanm-k(r)əw ‘dove’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 596

*Tibeto-Burmanm-krəw ‘dove’Benedict 72 STC: 38n123

1.1“North Assam”1

Sulung [Puroik]o³³morphememo³³morphemeko³³ ‘pigeon’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 140.52

1.1.1Tani1

*Tanikɯ ‘dove / pigeon’Sun J 93 HCST: 110

1.1.1.1Western Tani27

Apataniku-nə#1621 PTB *n(y)u ‘FEMALE / MOTHER’PTani *nə ‘MOTHER’PKC *nuu ‘FEMALE’PKC *nuu ‘MOTHER’PKC *nu-ŋaak ⪤ *ŋaak-nuu ‘MAIDEN / BELLE / WOMAN (unmarried)’PNN *ɲəːw ‘BIG / MOTHER’ ‘pigeon / dove (female)’Sun J 93 Tani

Apataniku-po#1635 PTB *pu ‘MALE / MASCULINE SUFFIX’ ‘pigeon / dove (male)’Sun J 93 Tani

Apatanipamorpheme-ku ‘dove / pigeon’Sun J 93 HCST

Apatanipamorpheme-ku ‘dove’Sun J 93 Tani

Apatanipàmorpheme-ku ‘pigeon’Sun J 93 Tani

Apatanipamorpheme-ku ‘pigeon / dove’Sun J 93 Tani

Bengnipɯmorpheme-kɯ ‘dove / pigeon’Sun J 93 HCST

Bengnipɯmorpheme-kɯ [pɯk]morpheme ‘dove’Sun J 93 Tani

Bokartaŋ#6616 PTani *taŋ ‘BIRD’ kɯ n‘turtledove’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0342.24

Bokartaŋ#6616 PTani *taŋ ‘BIRD’-kɯ ‘dove / pigeon’Sun J 93 HCST

Bokartaŋ#6616 PTani *taŋ ‘BIRD’-kɯ ‘turtledove’Sun J 93 Tani

Galo`kɨ◦jimorpheme n.‘bird (variety)’GLDC 09 Galo

Galo`kɨ◦jimorpheme n.‘Chalcophaps’GLDC 09 Galo

Galo`kɨ◦jimorpheme n.‘pigeon (variety)’GLDC 09 Galo

Galo`kɨ◦koomorpheme n.‘bird (variety)’GLDC 09 Galo

Galo`kɨ◦lummorpheme n.‘bird (variety)’GLDC 09 Galo

Galo`kɨ◦lummorpheme n.‘Ducula badia’GLDC 09 Galo

Galo`kɨ◦lummorpheme n.‘maroonbacked imperial pigeon’GLDC 09 Galo

Galo`kɨ◦tə#2697 PTB *ta-y ‘BIG’PTani *tə ~ *ta ‘BIG’PTk *dej ‘LARGE / BIG’ n:kin.‘paternal aunt's husband’GLDC 09 Galo

Galo`taaprefix◦kə n.‘dove’GLDC 09 Galo

Galo`taaprefix◦kə n.‘rufous turtle dove’GLDC 09 Galo

Galo`taaprefix◦kə n.‘Streptopelia orientalis’GLDC 09 Galo

Galokɨ◦armorpheme n.‘speckled wood pigeon’GLDC 09 Galo

Galotaprefix◦ki ‘pigeon’Das Gupta 63 Gal

Galotaprefix◦ki aomorpheme ‘young pigeon’Das Gupta 63 Gal

Galotaprefix◦ki ki-nɤ#1621 PTB *n(y)u ‘FEMALE / MOTHER’PTani *nə ‘MOTHER’PKC *nuu ‘FEMALE’PKC *nuu ‘MOTHER’PKC *nu-ŋaak ⪤ *ŋaak-nuu ‘MAIDEN / BELLE / WOMAN (unmarried)’PNN *ɲəːw ‘BIG / MOTHER’ ‘pigeon (female)’Das Gupta 63 Gal

Galotaprefix◦ki ki-po#1635 PTB *pu ‘MALE / MASCULINE SUFFIX’ ‘pigeon (male)’Das Gupta 63 Gal

1.1.1.2Eastern Tani3

Padam-Mishing [Abor-Miri]pəmorpheme-kɯ ‘dove / pigeon’Sun J 93 HCST

Damupamorpheme-kɯ pamorpheme-tomorpheme ‘pigeon’Sun J 93 Tani

Mishing [Miri]pəmorpheme◦kü ‘pigeon’Coblin 86: 118

1.1.2Deng2

Idupɹɑ⁵⁵morphemetɯ³¹morphemekɯ⁵⁵ ‘pigeon’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 140.50

Yidupɹɑ⁵⁵morphemetɯ³¹morphemekɯ⁵⁵ n‘dove’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0302.25

1.2Kuki-Chin1

*Chinkhruu ‘DOVE’VanBik 09 PKC: 1343

1.2.1.1Northern Chin3

Sizangvamorpheme hkū ‘dove’VanBik 09 PKC: 1343

Thadovâamorpheme khúu ‘dove’VanBik 09 PKC: 1343

Tiddimva¹#1603 PTB *w(a/u) ‘BIRD / EGG / WING / FOWL’PKC *waa ‘BIRD’PTk *wa ‘BIRD’-khu² ‘dove’VanBik 09 PKC: 1343

1.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin6

Ashowaw̌#1603 PTB *w(a/u) ‘BIRD / EGG / WING / FOWL’PKC *waa ‘BIRD’PTk *wa ‘BIRD’-kʻó ‘dove’VanBik 09 PKC: 1134

Ashowaw̌#1603 PTB *w(a/u) ‘BIRD / EGG / WING / FOWL’PKC *waa ‘BIRD’PTk *wa ‘BIRD’-kʻó ‘dove’VanBik 09 PKC: 1343

Khamiingmorpheme məprefix◦khu ‘pigeon’Coblin 86: 118

Khamiməkhru ‘dove’Matisoff 78 MLBM: 65

Khamiməkhru ‘dove’Benedict 72 STC: 118

Khumicangbuhuú ‘dove’VanBik 09 PKC: 1343

1.2.2Central Chin4

Lai (Hakha)thru-rǎw ‘dove’VanBik 09 PKC: 1343

Lushai [Mizo]thu-mi ‘pigeon’Benedict 72 STC: 118

Lushai [Mizo]thu-roumorpheme ‘dove’Benedict 72 STC: 118

Lushai [Mizo]vàmorpheme-ṭhú n‘dove, the generic name for doves’VanBik 09 PKC: 1343

1.2.3Maraic1

Lakher [Mara]vāmorpheme-chhù ‘dove’VanBik 09 PKC: 1343

1.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)4

Ao (Mongsen: Longchang)kimorpheme◦metsü ‘dove’Marrison 67 Naga

Ao (Mongsen: Longchang)kutur ‘pigeon’morphemeMarrison 67 Naga

Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)kı̀morpheme◦mətshə n.‘dove, spotted’Coupe 07 Ao

Sangtammümorpheme◦müthrü ‘dove’Marrison 67 Naga

1.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group9

Angami Nagamekru ‘dove’Matisoff 78 MLBM: 65

Angami Nagamekru ‘dove’Benedict 72 STC: 118

Angami (Khonoma)kru◦linomorpheme ‘dove’Marrison 67 Naga

Angami (Khonoma)mekru ‘dove’Marrison 67 Naga

Angami (Kohima)mekhru ‘dove’Marrison 67 Naga

Ntenyinmorpheme◦khü◦tsümorpheme ‘dove’Marrison 67 Naga

Sema [Sumi]aprefix◦mikhi ‘dove’Marrison 67 Naga

Sema [Sumi]kutuli ‘pigeon’morpheme · morphemeMarrison 67 Naga

Sema [Sumi]mekedu ‘dove’Marrison 67 Naga

1.3.4Tangkhulic4

*Tangkhulicʃu ‘dove’Mortensen 12 Tk: 706

Huishuʔamorpheme-məmorpheme-tsuk ‘dove / pigeon (general term)’Mortensen 12 Tk: Animals.143

Tusomnõmorpheme-sɯ-lemorpheme ‘dove’Mortensen 12 Tk: Animals.143

Ukhrulnamorpheme-ʃu ‘dove’Mortensen 12 Tk

1.4Meithei2

Meitheikhu-numorpheme ‘pigeon’Coblin 86: 118

Meitheikunu ‘pigeon’morphemeMarrison 67 Naga

1.7.1.2Garo2

Garodoʔmorpheme-kru ‘pigeon’Weidert 87 TBTo: 250

Garokru ‘dove’Benedict 72 STC: 118

1.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte1

Tangsa¹vumorpheme³xʌu ‘pigeon’Weidert 87 TBTo: 250

1.7.3.1Jingpho3

Jingphokhrū ‘dove / pigeon’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 194

Jingphokhru ‘dove’Benedict 72 STC: 118

Jingpho²krhu¹dumorpheme ‘pigeon’Weidert 87 TBTo: 250

2.1.2.1Tibetan3

Tibetan (Khams:Dege)mu¹³morphemexhu⁵³ ‘pigeon’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 140.3

Tibetan (Lhasa)aŋ¹⁵morphemeku⁵³ ‘pigeon’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 140.2

Tibetan (Written)ɦaŋmorpheme gu ‘pigeon’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 140.1

2.3.4Western Kiranti1

Thulungkubi ‘green pigeon’morphemeAllen 75

2.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1

Chepangku-waʔmorpheme ‘pigeon’Caughley 72 CVoc: 3.A.7

3.2Qiangic7

Muyagu⁵⁵ji⁵⁵morpheme n‘dove’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0302.15

Muya [Minyak]ŋgu⁵³ji³³morpheme ‘pigeon’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 140.15

Pumi (Jiulong)gu⁵⁵ʐẽ⁵⁵morpheme n‘dove’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0302.10

Pumi (Taoba)gu³⁵ɣuɛ̃⁵⁵morpheme ‘pigeon’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 140.10

Qiang (Longxi)ỳmorpheme gù ‘dove, pigeon [bird-b]’Evans 99 Qiang: 374

Qiang (Mawo)guʴ gu̥ʴ n‘dove’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0302.08

Qiang (Mawo)guʴ guʴ ‘pigeon’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 140.8

5Tujia1

Tujia (Southern)ko²¹tsi²¹ ‘pigeon’Tian 86

6.1Lolo-Burmese2

*Lolo-Burmesem-kruw ‘dove’Matisoff 78 MLBM: 65

*Lolo-Burmesem-krəw² ‘dove’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 596

6.1.1Burmish10

Achang (Lianghe)kɑ³¹tu³¹morpheme ‘pigeon’Dai 85 AcJZ

Burmese (Spoken Rangoon)kho²² ‘pigeon’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 140.40

Burmese (Written)kho² ‘pigeon’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 140.39

Burmese (Written)khruì ‘pigeon’Weidert 87 TBTo: 250

Burmese (Written)khrûi ‘dove / pigeon’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 194

Burmese (Written)khruì ⪤ khyuì ‘dove’Benedict 72 STC: 118

Burmese (Written)khui ‘pigeon’Marrison 67 Naga

Burmese (Written)khui ‘pigeon ( cf. khrûi )’Benedict 76 WBur

Burmese (Written)khui ‘pigeon’Coblin 86: 118

Burmese (Written)khyuì ‘pigeon’Weidert 87 TBTo: 250

6.1.2Loloish2

*Loloishkmorpheme-ʔ-ko² ‘pigeon’Weidert 87 TBTo: 250

*Loloishkmorpheme-ʔ-ko² ‘pigeon’Bradley 79 PLo: 51A

6.1.2.2Central Loloish8

Lahugú ‘dove’Benedict 72 STC: 118

Lahugû ‘dove’Benedict 72 STC: 38n123

Lahu (Lancang)gu⁵³ n‘dove’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0302.43

Lahu (Black)gû ‘dove’Matisoff 78 MLBM: 65

Lahu (Black)gû ‘dove / pigeon’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 194

Lahu (Black)gu⁵³ ‘pigeon’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 140.33

Lisuɑ⁵⁵morphemegu³¹ n‘turtledove’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0342.40

Lisuɑ⁵⁵morphemegu³¹ ‘pigeon’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 140.27

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish3

Hani (Shuikui)xu³¹xu³¹ ‘pigeon’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 140.32

Mpiŋ²khi² ‘dove’Matisoff 78 MLBM: 65

Mpiŋ²khi² ‘dove’Srinuan 76

8Bai3

Bai (Bijiang)tɕi⁵⁵morphemekɯ⁵⁵ ‘pigeon’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 140.37

Bai (Dali)tɕi⁵⁵morphemekɯ⁵⁵ ‘pigeon’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 140.35

Bai (Jianchuan)tɕi⁵⁵morphemekɯ⁵⁵ ‘pigeon’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 140.36

9.0.1Old Chinese3

Chinese (Old/Mid)ki̯ôg ‘pigeon / turtledove’Chou 72: 992n

Chinese (Old)k(r)ju ‘pigeon’Baxter 92: 796

Chinese (Old)kjəgw ‘pigeon / dove’Coblin 86: 118

9.0.2Middle Chinese1

Chinese (Middle)kjəu ‘pigeon, name of various birds’Coblin 86: 118

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #2346, *m-k(r)əw ‘DOVE / PIGEON’.

Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2346

Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].

References: cf. STC#118, STC#495 HPTB pp.125, 134, 199

BibTeX

@misc{stedt-2346,
  title  = {{*m-k(r)əw 'DOVE / PIGEON'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #2346},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2346}
}