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STEDT #2393

*g-la(ŋ/k)

FALCON, VULTURE, EAGLE, KITE, HAWK, BIRD OF PREY
Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

handlelaŋinitiallrhymeaŋcoverL · N

Intermediate reconstructions

Tangkhulic*laaŋ ‘RAPTOR’DRM#613
Karenic*hlaŋᴬ/ᴮ k-daɁᴰ ‘VULTURE’TL#317

Connections

HPTB*g-laŋ ⪤ *g-lak ‘eagle / vulture / falcon / bird of prey’pp. 263, 393, 521

Notes

This root seems certainly to be an old loanword from Mon-Khmer. For details, see STC p. 72, n. 225. It has also been borrowed into Chinese and Hmong-Mien. See HPTB p. 263.

Both Karenic and Jingpho have binomes of the form laŋ + da, the latter element of obscure origin.

Chinese comparandum

鷹 OC *ʔi̯əng, GSR #890a-c ‘eagle, falcon’; Coblin 86:76 *lang; Schuessler 2007:574 *ʔəŋ; B & S 2011: *qəŋ {[q](r)əŋ}; Mand. yīng.

There is an apparent Chinese doublet with stopped final: OC *di̯ək ~ *i̯ək ‘hawk, kite’ (see STC n. 225, p. 72). Cf. also #7343 PKar *lekᴰ HAWK / EAGLE.

Reflexes & cognates116 reflexes · 22 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)6

*Tibeto-Burmang-laŋ ⪤ g-lak ‘eagle / vulture / falcon / bird of prey’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 599
*Tibeto-Burmanglaŋ ‘eagle / vulture / falcon / bird of prey’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 590
*Tibeto-Burmanlang (*B) ‘falcon / eagle’Coblin 86: 76
*Tibeto-Burmanlaŋ ‘vulture / hawk / falcon’Benedict 72 STC: 333
*Tibeto-Burmanlɑŋ ‘eagle / falcon’Chou 72: 890c

1.1.2Deng2

Kaman [Miju]glɑ̆ŋ⁵³ n‘kite (black-eared) / hawk’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0328.23
Kaman [Miju]glɑ̆ŋ⁵³ n‘sparrow hawk’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0329.23

1.3.3Zeme Group4

Khoiraokalang ‘hawk’Marrison 67 Naga
Liangmeikamorpheme-lẽŋ ‘eagle’Weidert 87 TBTo: 243
Liangmeikamorpheme◦leng ‘eagle’Marrison 67 Naga
Maramlang◦maumorpheme ‘hawk’Marrison 67 Naga

1.3.4Tangkhulic5

Tangkhullang◦popmorpheme ‘hawk’Marrison 67 Naga
Tangkhul¹khəmorpheme¹laŋ ‘eagle’Weidert 87 TBTo: 243
Tusomkʰmorpheme-lɯə̃ ‘eagle’Mortensen 12 Tk: Animals.138
Ukhrulkʰəmorpheme-lɐŋ ‘eagle’Mortensen 12 Tk

1.4Meithei1

Meitheitemorpheme◦lang◦amorpheme ‘hawk’Marrison 67 Naga

1.7.2Northern Naga/Konyakian1

*Northern Nagalaːŋ ‘eagle / hawk’French 83: 480

1.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte4

Noctela ‘eagle’Marrison 67 Naga
Tangsa³laŋ ‘eagle’Weidert 87 TBTo: 243

1.7.2.2Konyak-Chang7

Changauprefix◦lu ‘hawk’Marrison 67 Naga
Konyakauprefix◦lan ‘hawk’Marrison 67 Naga
Konyaklang◦tamorpheme ‘eagle’Marrison 67 Naga
Konyak (Tamlu)ʌuˇmorpheme-lɛŋ ‘eagle’Weidert 87 TBTo: 243
Konyak (Wakching)ʌuˇmorpheme-lan ‘eagle’Weidert 87 TBTo: 243
Phoma³³morphemelæŋ⁵⁵ ‘eagle’Burling 98 Phom
Phomlang◦tamorpheme ‘eagle’Marrison 67 Naga

1.7.3.1Jingpho15

Jingphogəlaŋ ‘eagle, kite, hawk’Benedict 72 STC: 333
Jingphogəlɑŋ ‘eagle / kite / hawk’Chou 72: 890c
Jingphokalang ‘hawk’Marrison 67 Naga
Jingphokă³morphemela³³ ‘eagle’Liu 84
Jingphokă³³morphemela³³ ‘eagle’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 143.47
Jingphokamorpheme◦lang ‘eagle’Marrison 67 Naga
Jingphokəmorpheme◦lāŋ ‘eagle / vulture’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 238
Jingpholang ‘bird of the falcon family’Coblin 86: 76
Jingpholang◦damorpheme ‘eagle’Marrison 67 Naga
Jingpholaŋ ‘bird of the falcon family’Benedict 72 STC: 333
Jingpholaŋ-damorpheme ⪤ laŋ-daŋmorpheme ‘vulture’Benedict 72 STC: 333
Jingpholaŋ³¹mut³¹morpheme n‘sparrow hawk’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0329.19
Jingpholaŋ³¹ta³¹morpheme n‘eagle / vulture’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0330.19
Jingpholɑŋ ‘bird of falcon family’Chou 72: 890c
Jingpho¹gəmorpheme²laŋ ‘eagle’Weidert 87 TBTo: 243

1.7.3.2Asakian1

Sakláŋ◦dámorpheme ‘hawk’Huziwara 08 Sak: 305-1b

2.1.2.1Tibetan14

Tibetan (Batang)laʔ⁵³ n‘eagle / vulture’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0330.03
Tibetan (Lhasa)la⁵² n‘eagle / vulture’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0330.02
Tibetan (Lhasa)tɕhap¹³morphemela⁵² n‘eagle / vulture’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0330.02
Tibetan (Written)byɑmorpheme-glɑ́g ‘eagle / vulture’Jäschke 1881
Tibetan (Written)glag ‘eagle, vulture’Coblin 86: 69
Tibetan (Written)glɑg ‘eagle / vulture’Jäschke 1881
Tibetan (Written)rgyɑbmorpheme-glɑ́g ‘eagle’Jäschke 1881

2.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1

Kham'gā: n‘hawk’Hale 73 CSD: 03a.021

3.2Qiangic17

Ersuhkɛ⁵⁵ ‘eagle’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 143.18
Guiqiongxɑ⁵³ ‘eagle’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 143.17
Muya [Minyak]tɕɔ⁵⁵gi⁵³morpheme ‘eagle’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 143.15
Namuyikɑ³⁵ ‘eagle’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 143.19
Namuyikæ³³na⁵³morpheme n‘eagle / vulture’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0330.46
Pumi (Lanping)la¹³dzi¹³morphemekhɛ¹³morpheme n‘eagle / vulture’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0330.09
Pumi (Taoba)tʂɛ³⁵ ‘eagle’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 143.10
Qiang (Mianchi)ámorpheme tʂhìmorpheme là ‘sparrow hawk’Evans 99 Qiang: 407
Qiang (Mianchi)lá (bʐà)morpheme ‘eagle, vulture’Evans 99 Qiang: 408
Qiang (Mianchi)là bʐàmorpheme kímorpheme ‘eagle, vulture’Evans 99 Qiang: 408
Queyu (Xinlong)xɕe⁵⁵ n‘eagle / vulture’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0330.13
Xumike⁵⁵ ‘eagle’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 143.20

3.3rGyalrongic2

Ergong (Danba)wumorpheme la ‘eagle’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 143.14
Daofuɣla n‘sparrow hawk’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0329.12

4Nungic2

Rawanglaŋ³¹ gi⁵³morpheme sɯn³³morpheme ‘sparrow hawk’LaPolla 03: 378
Rawanglɑŋ³¹ dɑ³¹morpheme ‘black-eared kite, hawk’LaPolla 03: 376

6.1.1Burmish20

Burmese (Rangoon)lĩ⁵⁵jõ²²morpheme n‘eagle / vulture’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0330.27
Burmese (Rangoon)lĩ⁵⁵tɑ⁵³morpheme n‘vulture (cinereous)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0331.27
Burmese (Written)hrwemorpheme-làng-támorpheme ‘eagle’Coblin 86: 76
Burmese (Written)hrwemorpheme-làŋ-támorpheme ‘eagle’Benedict 72 STC: 333
Burmese (Written)hrwemorpheme-lɑ̀ŋ-tɑ̀morpheme ‘eagle (=golden vulture)’Chou 72: 890c
Burmese (Written)làng-támorpheme ‘vulture’Coblin 86: 76
Burmese (Written)lâŋ- ‘vulture; heron; bird’Benedict 76 WBur
Burmese (Written)làŋ-támorpheme ‘vulture’Weidert 87 TBTo: 243
Burmese (Written)làŋ-támorpheme ‘vulture’Benedict 72 STC: 333
Burmese (Written)lâŋ-ta'morpheme ‘eagle / vulture’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 238
Burmese (Written)làŋ-yunmorpheme ‘species of hawk’Benedict 72 STC: 333
Burmese (Written)lɑ̀ŋ-tɑ̀morpheme ‘vulture’Chou 72: 890c
Burmese (Written)lɑ̀ŋ-yunmorpheme ‘species of hawk’Chou 72: 890c
Burmese (Written)lɑŋ³jun²morpheme n‘eagle / vulture’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0330.26
Burmese (Written)lɑŋ³tɑ¹morpheme n‘vulture (cinereous)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0331.26
Hpun (Northern)làŋ◦tàmorpheme, nàŋ◦tàmorpheme ‘vulture’Henderson 86 Hpun
Leqi (Luxi)laŋ³³ta̱³³morpheme n‘sparrow hawk’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0329.33
Marmaláŋ◦dǎmorpheme ‘hawk’Huziwara 08 Sak: 305-1b
Atsi [Zaiwa]laŋ²¹ta²¹morpheme n‘eagle / vulture’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0330.30
Atsi [Zaiwa]laŋ²¹ta²¹morpheme n‘vulture (cinereous)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0331.30

6.1.2.4Southeastern Loloish1

Pholaɬɑ³¹mɔ³¹morpheme ‘eagle; hawk’Pelkey 11 Phula: 122

6.2Naxi3

Laze (Xiangjiao)qɑ˥nɑ˧morphememie˥suffix ‘eagle’Michaud 06 NaLaze: 3652
Na (Yongning)kɤ˩nɑ˧morphememi˧suffix ‘eagle’Michaud 06 NaLaze
Naxi (Yongning)kə³¹nɑ³³morphememi³³suffix ‘eagle’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 143.29

7Karenic11

*Karenhlaŋᴬ/ᴮ k-daɁᴰ ‘vulture’Luangthongkum 13: 317
*Karen [Burling]laN⁴kaɁ²thaɁ¹ ‘vulture’Luangthongkum 13: 317
Bwelə³³da⁵⁵ ‘vulture’Luangthongkum 13: 317
Kayahlɛ¹¹ta³³ ‘vulture’Luangthongkum 13: 317
Kayawla¹¹ta³³ ‘vulture’Luangthongkum 13: 317
Pa-O (Southern)lɔŋ³³taɁ⁴⁵ ‘vulture’Luangthongkum 13: 317
Pa-O (Northern)lɛŋ⁵⁵taɁ⁴⁵ ‘vulture’Luangthongkum 13: 317
Pwo (Northern)lɛ̃³⁵kaɁ²¹thaɁ²¹ ‘vulture’Luangthongkum 13: 317
Pwo (Southern)lɔ̃⁵³kaɁ²¹thaɁ⁴⁵ ‘vulture’Luangthongkum 13: 317
Sgaw (Southern)lɔ³³kə¹¹¨ta¹¹¨ ‘vulture’Luangthongkum 13: 317
Sgaw (Northern)lɔ³³kə¹¹taɁ²¹ ‘vulture’Luangthongkum 13: 317

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #2393, *g-la(ŋ/k) ‘FALCON, VULTURE, EAGLE, KITE, HAWK, BIRD OF PREY’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2393
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: cf. STC#333, HPTB pp.23, 75, 263, 393, 521
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-2393,
  title  = {{*g-la(ŋ/k) 'FALCON, VULTURE, EAGLE, KITE, HAWK, BIRD OF PREY'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #2393},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2393}
}