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STEDT #2555

*k-r-pʷat

LEECH

Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

handlepatprefixrinitialprhymeatcoverP · T

Intermediate reconstructions

Tani*pat¹ ‘LEECH (land)’JS-HCST: 53

Kuki-Chin*wat ⪤ *wot ⪤ *wut ‘LEECH (land)’PKC #1158

Tangkhulic*hwut ‘LEECH’DRM#548

Lolo-Burmese*k-r-watᴸ ‘LEECH’

Karenic*s-waɁᴰ ‘LEECH (land)’TL#159

Connections

HPTB*k-r-pʷat ‘leech’pp. 61, 83, 94, 129, 138, 141, 151, 332

Notes

Lepcha has an interesting doublet: fot < *wat ⪤ rot < *r-wat.

The WB form contains the “Lolo-Burmese velar animal prefix” (see HPTB §4.4.4(3)).

Reflexes & cognates168 reflexes · 35 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)5

*Tibeto-Burmank-r-pʷat ‘leech’Mortensen 12 Tk

*Tibeto-Burmank-r-pʷat ‘leech’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 608

*Tibeto-Burmanr-pat ‘leech’LaPolla 87: 69

*Tibeto-Burmanr-pat ‘leech’Benedict 72 STC: 45

*Tibeto-Burmanr-pat ⪤ p-wat ⪤ k-r-wat ‘leech’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 019

1.1“North Assam”1

Sulung [Puroik]kə³³morphemevat⁵³ ‘leech (mountain)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 167.52

1.1.1Tani1

*Tanipat¹ ‘leech (land)’Sun J 93 HCST: 233

1.1.1.1Western Tani11

Apatanitaprefix-pe ‘leech’Sun J 93 Tani

Apatanitaprefix-peʔ ‘leech (land)’Sun J 93 HCST

Apatanitaprefix-peʔ ‘leech’Sun J 93 Tani

Apatanitɯprefix-pé ‘leech’Sun J 93 Tani

Bengnitaprefix-pit ‘leech (land)’Sun J 93 HCST

Bengnitaprefix-pit ‘leech’Sun J 93 Tani

Bokartaprefix pet n‘leech’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0364.24

Bokartaprefix-pet ‘leech (land)’Sun J 93 HCST

Bokartaprefix-pet ‘leech’Sun J 93 Tani

Galopet◦takmorpheme n.‘leech (variety)’GLDC 09 Galo

Galotaprefix◦pek ‘leech’Das Gupta 63 Gal

1.1.1.2Eastern Tani2

Padam-Mishing [Abor-Miri]taprefix-pat ‘leech (land)’Sun J 93 HCST

Milangtaprefix-pat ‘leech’Tayeng 76 Mil

1.1.2Deng7

Darang [Taraon]ka:prefix◦pey ‘leech’Anonymous xx Tar

Darang [Taraon]kɑ³¹prefixpe⁵³ n‘leech’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0364.22

Darang [Taraon]kɑ³¹prefixpe⁵³ ‘leech (mountain)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 167.49

Kaman [Miju]tɯ³¹prefixwɑt⁵³ n‘leech’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0364.23

Kaman [Miju]tɯ³¹prefixwɑt⁵³ ‘leech’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 167.48

Idukɑ³¹prefixpi⁵³ ‘leech (mountain)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 167.50

Yidukɑ³¹prefixpi⁵³ n‘leech (mountain, arid area)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0364.25

1.2Kuki-Chin1

*Chinwat ⪤ wot ⪤ wut ‘LEECH (land)’VanBik 09 PKC: 1158

1.2.1.1Northern Chin3

Sizangvot ‘leech’VanBik 09 PKC: 1158

Thadovòt ‘leech’VanBik 09 PKC: 1158

Thadovɔ́t ‘leech’Thirumalai 72: 47

1.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin2

Ashoa wot ‘leech’VanBik 09 PKC: 1158

Khumitvaw ‘land leech’VanBik 09 PKC: 1158

1.2.2Central Chin11

Lai (Falam)sàŋmorpheme-vùt ‘land leech’VanBik 09 PKC: 1158

Lai (Hakha)tsǎaŋmorpheme-vut ⪤ vat ‘land leech’VanBik 09 PKC: 1158

Lushai [Mizo]vàngmorpheme vàt n‘land leech’VanBik 09 PKC: 1158

Lushai [Mizo]vangmorpheme◦vat ‘leech’Marrison 67 Naga

Lushai [Mizo]vàt ‘land-leech’Løffler 85 Paa

Lushai [Mizo]vaŋmorpheme-vat ‘leech’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 019

Lushai [Mizo]vaŋmorpheme-vat ‘leech’LaPolla 87: 69

Lushai [Mizo]vaŋmorpheme-vat ‘leech’Benedict 72 STC: 45

Paangkhuaramorpheme◦vòt ‘land-leech’Løffler 85 Paa

Rangkholermorpheme◦vot ‘leech’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 019

Rangkholermorpheme◦vot ‘leech’Benedict 72 STC: 45

1.2.3Maraic1

Lakher [Mara]chāmorpheme-vàw n‘land leech’VanBik 09 PKC: 1158

1.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)2

Lotha Nagae¹prefix-vaʔ² n.‘leech (land)’Bruhn 14 SuppCN

Lotha Nagaēprefix◦vá ‘leech’Acharya 75

1.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group6

Angami Nagareva ‘leech’LaPolla 87: 69

Angami Nagareva ‘leech’Benedict 72 STC: 45

Angami (Khonoma)reva ‘leech’Marrison 67 Naga

Angami (Kohima)reva ‘leech’Marrison 67 Naga

Maoeprefix◦ve ‘leech’Marrison 67 Naga

Ntenyiaprefix◦wü ‘leech’Marrison 67 Naga

1.3.3Zeme Group5

Liangmeimmorpheme-bât ‘leech (land)(1)’Weidert 87 TBTo: 698

Liangmeitamorpheme◦bad ‘leech’Marrison 67 Naga

Rongmei / Nruanghmeimmorpheme◦büt ‘leech’Marrison 67 Naga

Rongmei / Nruanghmeinmorpheme-bát ‘leech (land)(1)’Weidert 87 TBTo: 698

Zemetimmorpheme◦bat ‘leech’Marrison 67 Naga

1.3.4Tangkhulic3

*Tangkhulichwut ‘leech’Mortensen 12 Tk: 548

Tusommemorpheme-he ‘leech’Mortensen 12 Tk

Ukhrulməmorpheme-hut ‘leech’Mortensen 12 Tk

1.4Meithei1

Meitheitinmorpheme◦pha ‘leech’Marrison 67 Naga

1.5Mikir [Karbi]3

Mikir [Karbi]ingmorpheme◦phat ‘leech’Marrison 67 Naga

Mikir [Karbi]ingmorpheme◦phat ‘leech’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 019

Mikir [Karbi]iŋmorpheme◦phat ‘leech’Benedict 72 STC: 121n332

1.7.1.1Bodo2

Bodolumorpheme◦wád ‘leech’Bhat 68 Boro

Kokborokrumorpheme-wa ‘leech’Tripuri 88

1.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte4

Noctewamorpheme-vot~samorpheme-vot ‘leech’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 019

Nocte¹sʌ#34 PTB *sya-n ‘FLESH / MEAT / GAME ANIMAL’MesorootsPKC *sʰaa ‘ANIMAL / FLESH / MEAT’PCN *a-ʃaʔ ‘ANIMAL / MEAT, FLESH’PTk *sa ‘FLESH / MEAT / ANIMAL’Allofams1 #5711 PTB *sya-n ⪤ *sin ‘FLESH / ANIMAL / BODY / AGENTIVE NOMINALIZER’1a #34 PTB *sya-n ‘FLESH / MEAT / GAME ANIMAL’1b #318 PTB *sin ‘BODY / OWNER / AGENTIVE NOMINALIZER’-vʌt ‘leech (land)(1)’Weidert 87 TBTo: 698

Tangsa (Moshang)taprefix◦wat ‘leech’Marrison 67 Naga

Tangsa (Moshang)taprefix◦wat ‘leech’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 019

1.7.2.2Konyak-Chang4

Changwat ‘leech’Marrison 67 Naga

Changwat ‘leech’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 019

Wanchovat ‘leech’Marrison 67 Naga

Wanchovat ‘leech’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 019

1.7.3.1Jingpho6

Jingphowawt ‘leech’Marrison 67 Naga

Jingphowòt ‘leech’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 019

Jingphowòt ‘leech’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 393

Jingphowot ‘leech’Benedict 72 STC: 24n78

Jingphowot³¹ n‘leech (water)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0364.19

Jingphowot³¹pjin³¹morpheme ‘leech’Liu 84

2.1.2Bodic5

Tsangla (Motuo)pat⁵⁵pa⁵⁵suffix ‘leech (land)’Zhang Jichuan 86

Tsangla (Motuo)pat◦pasuffix ‘leech’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 167.7

Tsangla (Tilang)pat-pasuffix ‘leech (land)’Zhang Jichuan 86

Tshona (Mama)pᴀʔ⁵³ ‘leech (mountain)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 167.6

Motuo Menbapat pasuffix n‘leech’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0364.07

2.1.2.1Tibetan6

Tibetan (Written)pad pasuffix ‘leech’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 167.1

Tibetan (Written)pad-masuffix ‘leech’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 019

Tibetan (Written)pad-pasuffix ‘leech’LaPolla 87: 69

Tibetan (Written)srinmorpheme-busuffix pad-masuffix ‘leech’Benedict 72 STC: 45

Tibetan (Written)srínmorpheme-busuffix pɑ́d-mɑsuffix ‘leech’Jäschke 1881

Tibetan (Written)srinmorpheme-busuffix pɑ́d-mɑsuffix ‘leech’Jäschke 1881

2.1.3Lepcha2

Lepchafot ‘leech’LaPolla 87: 69

Lepcharot ‘leech’Benedict 72 STC: 45

2.1.4Tamangish11

Tamang (Sahu)'timorpheme◦pit n‘leech, land’Hale 73 CSD: 03a.076

Tamang (Sahu)'timorpheme◦pit n‘leech, water’Hale 73 CSD: 03a.077

Tamang (Sahu)'timorpheme◦pit ‘leech (land)(1)’Weidert 87 TBTo: 698

Tamang (Sahu)'timorpheme◦pit ‘land leech’Taylor 72 TmVo: 3.76

Tamang (Sahu)'timorpheme◦pit ‘water leech’Taylor 72 TmVo: 3.77

Tamang (Sahu)tangmorpheme◦pet n‘leech, tree’Hale 73 CSD: 03a.077

Tamang (Sahu)taŋmorpheme◦pet ‘tree leech’Taylor 72 TmVo: 3.77

Thakalikyumorpheme timorpheme◦pi n‘leech, water’Hale 73 CSD: 03a.077

Thakalitimorpheme◦pi n‘leech, land’Hale 73 CSD: 03a.076

Thakali (Tukche)kjumorpheme timorpheme◦pi ‘leech (water)’Hari 71a ThVo: 3.A.77

Thakali (Tukche)timorpheme◦pi ‘leech (land)’Hari 71a ThVo: 3.A.76

2.3.1Eastern Kiranti2

Athpare (Rai)lakmorpheme◦phet ‘leech’Ebert 97 Athpare

Limbulaːkmorpheme◦phEt ‘leech (land)’Michailovsky 89 Lm

2.4Kham-Magar-Chepang4

Khampat◦i:morpheme n‘leech, land’Hale 73 CSD: 03a.076

Magarlāmorpheme◦wāt n‘leech, land’Hale 73 CSD: 03a.076

Magarləwat ‘leech’LaPolla 87: 69

Magarləwat ‘leech’Benedict 72 STC: 45

3.2Qiangic10

Guiqiongbu⁵⁵sɿ⁵⁵morpheme ‘leech’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 167.17

Lyuzunbi³⁵ n‘leech’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0364.18

Muyatsæ⁵⁵morphemembø⁵⁵ n‘leech’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0364.15

Namuyimbi³³ ‘leech’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 167.19

Pumi (Jiulong)phɛ³⁵ n‘leech (water)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0364.10

Pumi (Taoba)phiɛ³⁵ ‘leech’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 167.10

Qiang (Mawo)bu◦lumorpheme ‘leech’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 167.8

Queyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba]phã⁵⁵ ‘leech’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 167.16

Xumibɛ⁵³ ‘leech’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 167.20

Xumimbi³³ n‘leech’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0364.17

3.3.1rGyalrong2

rGyalrong (Maerkang)smonmorpheme mbɐ kəprefix lumorpheme n‘leech’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0364.11

rGyalrongsmonmorpheme mbɐ kəprefix lumorpheme ‘leech’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 167.12

4Nungic3

Rawangdəmorpheme◦phat ‘leech’LaPolla 03: 411

Trung [Dulong]mɯ³¹morphemepɑ̆t⁵⁵ ‘leech’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 167.46

Trung [Dulong] (Dulonghe)mɯ³¹morpheme pat⁵⁵ ‘leech’LaPolla 87: 69

6.1Lolo-Burmese1

*Lolo-Burmesek-r-wat ‘leech’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 167

6.1.1Burmish10

Burmese (Written)krwat ‘leech’Marrison 67 Naga

Burmese (Written)krwat ‘leech’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 019

Burmese (Written)krwat ‘leech’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 393

Burmese (Written)krwat ‘leech’Okell 71

Burmese (Inscriptional)krwat ‘leech’Okell 71

Burmese (Written)krwat ‘leech’LaPolla 87: 69

Burmese (Written)krwat ‘leech’Benedict 72 STC: 107n301

Marmakrwaiʔ ‘mountain (land) leech’Huziwara 08 Sak: 310c

Maru [Langsu]v'é ‘leech’Okell 71

Maru [Langsu]y'úpmorpheme-v'é' ‘leech’Okell 71

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish11

Lalovi̱² ‘leech’Chen 86 CS: 96.

Nasuvi̱⁵⁵ ‘leech’Chen 86 CS: 96.

Neisuvi¹³ ‘leech’Chen 86 CS: 96.

Nesuvi̱² ‘leech’Chen 86 CS: 96.

Yi (Dafang)ve¹³ ‘leech’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 167.22

Yi (Mile)sᴀ²¹morphemevi̱²¹ ‘leech’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 167.25

Yi (Mojiang)ᴀ²¹morphemevi̱²¹ ‘leech’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 167.26

Yi (Nanhua)ʑi³³morphemeve̱²¹ n‘leech’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0364.37

Yi (Nanhua)ʑi³³morphemeve̱²¹ ‘leech’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 167.24

Yi (Weishan)ɣɯ⁵⁵morphemevɪ̱²¹ n‘leech’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0364.36

Yi (Wuding)bu³³morphemevi̱⁵⁵ n‘leech’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0364.38

6.1.2.2Central Loloish17

Ahivi̱² ‘leech’Chen 86 CS: 96.

Kucongvi31 ‘leech’Dai 09 Kucong

Lahuvèʔ ‘leech’LaPolla 87: 69

Lahuvèʔ ‘leech’Benedict 72 STC: 45

Lahu (Lancang)ve²¹ n‘leech’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0364.43

Lahu (Black)ve²¹ ‘leech’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 167.33

Lahu (Black)vèʔ ‘leech’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 019

Lahu (Black)vèʔ ‘leech’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 393

Lahu (Black)vèʔ ‘leech’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 167

Lahu (Yellow)ve⁵ ‘leech’Chang 86

Lisuvé6 ‘leech’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 167

Lisuve̱³¹ n‘leech’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0364.40

Lisu (Northern)veʔ²¹ N‘leech’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisuve⁴¹ ‘leech’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 167.27

Lisu (Central)vé⁶ ‘leech’Fraser 22

Yi (Sani)sz̩¹¹morphemevɪ² n‘leech’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0364.39

Sani [Nyi]vɪ² ‘leech’Chen 86 CS: 96.

7Karenic14

*Karens-waɁᴰ ‘leech (land~)’[Source note] NK, CK and Sgaw (SK) have tone D12; however, it is D3 in both N.Pwo and S.Pwo.Luangthongkum 13: 159

*Karen [Burling]waɁ¹ ‘leech (land~)’Luangthongkum 13: 159

Kayahswa⁵⁵ ‘leech (land~)’Luangthongkum 13: 159

KayanθuɁ⁴⁵ ‘leech (land~)’Luangthongkum 13: 159

Kayawsu³³ ‘leech (land~)’Luangthongkum 13: 159

Pa-Otəmorpheme◦wáʔ ‘leech, land’Solnit 89 PaO

Pa-Otəmorpheme◦waʔ ‘leech (land-)’Benedict 72 STC: 132n356

Pa-O (Northern)waɁ²¹ ‘leech (land~)’Luangthongkum 13: 159

Pa-O (Southern)waɁ²¹ ‘leech (land~)’Luangthongkum 13: 159

Pwo (Northern)waɁ²¹ ‘leech (land~)’Luangthongkum 13: 159

Pwo (Southern)waɁ⁴⁵ ‘leech (land~)’Luangthongkum 13: 159

Pwowaʔ ~ θəmorpheme◦waʔmorpheme ‘leech (land-)’Benedict 72 STC: 132n356

Sgaw (Northern)suɁ⁴⁵ ‘leech (land~)’Luangthongkum 13: 159

Sgaw (Southern)sɔuɁ²¹ ‘leech (land~)’Luangthongkum 13: 159

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #2555, *k-r-pʷat ‘LEECH’.

Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2555

Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].

References: cf. STC#045, HPTB

BibTeX

@misc{stedt-2555,
  title  = {{*k-r-pʷat 'LEECH'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #2555},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2555}
}