STEDT
Verbs of Motion, of Manipulation, and of Production  ›  Verbs concerning textiles
STEDT #2686

*(t/d)ak

WEAVE
Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

handletakinitialtrhymeak=trakcoverT · LT

Intermediate reconstructions

Kuki-Chin*tak-I, taʔ-II ‘WEAVE / PLAIT’PKC #244
Central Naga (Ao Group)*tak ‘WEAVE’PCN #237
Tangkhulic*dak ‘WEAVE’DRM#554
Lolo-Burmese*dak² ‘WEAVE / SPIN’
Karenic*thaᴮ ‘WEAVE (cloth), LOOM’TL#326

Connections

HPTB (PLB)*rakᴸ ‘weave / drive / chase’pp. 41, 42, 43, 61, 146, 315, 319
HPTB*tak ⪤ *dak ‘weave’pp. 318, 328, 374

Notes

This root is well-attested, both with a dental stop initial and initial r-, leading one to hypothesize an ultimate origin in a sequence of consonants like *trak or drak, although this cluster is not reconstructed for PTB or PST. Certain branches of the family, like Lolo-Burmese, show evidence for both the stop- and rhotic-initialed variants.

See #5669 PTB *rak WEAVE / DRIVE / CHASE.

There is a good Chinese comparandum with a stop initial.

Chinese comparandum

織 OC *t̑i̯ək, GSR #920f ‘weave’; Coblin 86: ST *tjək > TB *tak > OC *tjək; B & S 2011: *tək; Mand. zhī.

Reflexes & cognates135 reflexes · 32 subgroups

0Sino-Tibetan (previously published reconstructions)1

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)10

*Tibeto-Burmantak=*trak ‘weave’LaPolla 87: 156

1.2Kuki-Chin1

*Chintak-I, taʔ-II ‘WEAVE / PLAIT’VanBik 09 PKC: 244

1.2.1.1Northern Chin1

Sizangtak hī ‘weave’VanBik 09 PKC: 244

1.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin2

Ashotómorpheme-ták v‘weave’VanBik 09 PKC: 244

1.2.2Central Chin6

Lai (Hakha)tak-I, taʔ-II ‘weave’VanBik 09 PKC: 244
Lai (Falam)tàʔ-INV ‘weave’VanBik 09 PKC: 244
Lushai [Mizo]tàh v‘weave (as cloth, etc) to plait (a matting, etc)’VanBik 09 PKC: 244

1.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)13

Ao (Chungli)a³prefix-tak³ v.‘weave’Bruhn 14 PCN: II.026
Ao (Chungli)aprefix◦tak ‘weave’Marrison 67 Naga
Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)tàk v.‘weave [wove]’Coupe 07 Ao
Lotha Nagatək²- v.‘weave’Bruhn 14 PCN: III.237
Lotha Nagatükk◦asuffix ‘weave’Murry 78: 136
Lotha Nagat̯ə̄k◦ùsuffix v.‘weave cloth’Acharya 75
Sangtamthsa ‘weave’Marrison 67 Naga

1.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group3

Meluritha ‘weave’Marrison 67 Naga
Ntenyitha ‘weave’Marrison 67 Naga
Ntenyitha◦phunimorpheme ‘belt (for weaving)’Marrison 67 Naga

1.3.3Zeme Group3

Mziemedak ‘weave’Marrison 67 Naga

1.3.4Tangkhulic4

Kachaikʰəmorpheme-ðak ‘weave’Mortensen 12 Tk: Verbs.057
Tusompsɯmorpheme-kəmorpheme-to ‘weave’Mortensen 12 Tk: Verbs.072
Tusomtimorpheme-kəmorpheme-to ‘weave’Mortensen 12 Tk: Implements.011

1.5Mikir [Karbi]3

1.7.1.1Bodo3

Bododá v‘weave clothes’Bhat 68 Boro
Dimasadao ‘weave’Marrison 67 Naga
Kokboroktaʔ ‘weave, make’Tripuri 88

1.7.1.2Garo2

Garodak ‘weave’LaPolla 87: 156

1.7.1.3Koch1

Atongdok- v‘weave’van Breugel 08 Atong

1.7.2Northern Naga/Konyakian1

1.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte1

Noctekʰamorpheme tak v‘weave’French 83: 578

1.7.2.2Konyak-Chang7

Chang(nei)morpheme tak v‘weave’French 83: 578
Changtak ‘weave’Marrison 67 Naga
Konyaktak ‘weave’Marrison 67 Naga
Konyaktak v‘weave’French 83: 578
Phomdak³³ ‘weave’Burling 98 Phom
Phomtak ‘weave’Marrison 67 Naga
Phomtak v‘weave’French 83: 578

1.7.3.1Jingpho6

Jingphodaʔ ‘weave’LaPolla 87: 156
Jingphotaʔ³¹ ‘weave’Liu 84
Jingphotaʔ³¹ v.‘weave / knit’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1799.19
Jingphotaʔ³¹ ‘weave’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 613.47

1.7.3.2Asakian1

2.1.2Bodic4

Tshona (Wenlang)the⁵⁵gɑ⁵⁵morpheme ‘weave’Lu 86 CuoM
Tshona (Mama)kᴀn⁵⁵morphemetheʔ⁵³ ‘weave’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 613.6
Cuona Menbaraː³⁵morphemetheʔ⁵³ v.‘weave / knit’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1799.06
Cuona Menbatheʔ⁵³ka³¹morpheme ‘weave (a basket)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1157.06

2.1.2.1Tibetan22

Dzongkhathaʔ-thaʔ v.‘weave’Weidert 87 TBTo: 683
Tibetan (Alike)nthak v.‘spin (into yarn)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1313.05
Tibetan (Balti)ṯʰʌq◦pa·suffix ‘weave (cloth)’Rangan 75: 20
Tibetan (Batang)thɑʔ⁵³ v.‘weave / knit’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1799.03
Tibetan (Lhasa)ta⁵² ‘weave (a basket)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1157.02
Tibetan (Written)'thag-pasuffix ‘weave’Matisoff 83 TIL: 28
Tibetan (Written)'thag-pasuffix ‘weave’LaPolla 87: 156
Tibetan (Written)ḥthag-pasuffix ‘weave’Benedict 72 STC: 17
Tibetan (Written)sdommorpheme thag ‘spider’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 159.1
Tibetan (Written)thags-gra'bu ‘spider’morpheme · morphemeMarrison 67 Naga
Tibetan (Written)ɦthag-ɦthag-pasuffix v.‘weave’Weidert 87 TBTo: 683
Tibetan (Xiahe)thaχ v.‘spin (into yarn)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1313.04

2.3.1Eastern Kiranti7

Athpare (Rai)akmorpheme◦thak thak◦mamorpheme ‘(loom-) weave’Ebert 97 Athpare
Athpare (Rai)thak◦mamorpheme ‘weave’Ebert 97 Athpare
Athpare (Rai)thak◦tmorpheme-uemorpheme ‘weave’Ebert 97 Athpare
Limbukhammorpheme◦tak◦pamorpheme n.‘large spider’Michailovsky 89 Lm
Limbutaːk◦khibamorpheme ‘spider’Michailovsky 89 Lm
Limbuthak- v.‘weave’Michailovsky 89 Lm

2.4Kham-Magar-Chepang2

Magardak ‘weave’LaPolla 87: 156

3.2Qiangic13

Ersudɛ⁵⁵ ‘weave’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 613.18
Guiqiongnthɑ⁵⁵ ‘weave’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 613.17
Lyuzude³¹ v.‘weave / knit’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1799.18
Muyaɦæ³³morphemeti⁵³ v.‘weave / knit’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1799.15
Muya [Minyak]ɦɛ³⁵morphemeti⁵³ ‘weave’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 613.15
Namuyindɛ³⁵ ‘weave’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 613.19
Namuyindæ³¹ v.‘weave / knit’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1799.46
Qiang (Mianchi)tyà ‘weave (basket)’Evans 99 Qiang: 1668
Xumidyi³⁵ v.‘weave / knit’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1799.17
Zhaba (Daofu County)a³³morphementha⁵⁵ ‘weave (a basket)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1157.14

3.3rGyalrongic1

Daofunthɑ v.‘weave / knit’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1799.12

3.3.1rGyalrong4

rGyalrongkaprefix tak ‘weave’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 613.12
rGyalrongkaprefix tak ‘braid’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 655.12
rGyalrong (Maerkang)kɑprefix tɑk v.‘weave / knit’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1799.11
rGyalrongtAprefix tak kaprefix vamorpheme ‘weave’Nagano 97 GyQ: 193

5Tujia5

Tujiatha⁵³ v.‘weave / knit’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1799.49
Tujia (Northern)tha⁵⁵ ‘weave’Tian 86
Tujiatha⁵⁵ ‘weave’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 613.38

6.1Lolo-Burmese1

*Lolo-Burmesedak ‘weave / spin’Matisoff 78 MLBM: 4

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish2

Mpitɑʔ¹ v.‘plait bamboo’Matisoff 78 MLBM: 4
Mpitɑʔ¹ ‘plait bamboo’Srinuan 76

7Karenic16

*Karenthágh v‘weave (cloth)’Jones 61: 100
*Karen [Burling]tha² ‘weave (cloth), loom’Luangthongkum 13: 326
*Karenthaᴮ ‘weave (cloth), loom’Luangthongkum 13: 326
Karentha⁵⁵ v.‘weave / knit’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1799.50
Kayahtha³³ ‘weave (baskets)’Luangthongkum 13: 327
Kayantha¹¹ ‘weave (cloth), loom’Luangthongkum 13: 326
Kayan (Pekon)tʰà V‘weave’Manson 10 Kayan
Kayawtha¹¹ ‘weave (cloth), loom’Luangthongkum 13: 326
Pa-O (Southern)cha³³ ‘weave (cloth), loom’Luangthongkum 13: 326
Pa-Otháʔ, tháʔ pìkmorpheme ʔòpmorpheme ‘weave’Solnit 89 PaO
Pwo (Northern)tha³³ ‘weave (cloth), loom’Luangthongkum 13: 326
Pwo (Southern)tha⁵⁵ ‘weave (cloth), loom’Luangthongkum 13: 326
Sgaw (Northern)tha³¹˜ ‘weave (cloth), loom’Luangthongkum 13: 326
Sgaw (Southern)tha⁴⁵’ ‘weave (cloth), loom’Luangthongkum 13: 326

9.0.1Old Chinese3

Chinese (Old/Mid)t̑i̯ək/tśiək ‘weave’Chou 72: 920f

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #2686, *(t/d)ak ‘WEAVE’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2686
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: cf. HPTB pp. 318, 328, 374, STC#017
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-2686,
  title  = {{*(t/d)ak 'WEAVE'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #2686},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2686}
}