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STEDT #2722

*m-tyak/ŋ ⪤ *tik/ŋ

GOOD / VERY / REAL / STRAIGHT
Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

handletyakinitialtyrhymeakcoverT · T

Intermediate reconstructions

Kuki-Chin(a) *tak ‘ACTUAL / REAL’PKC #171
Kuki-Chin(b) *ɗik ⪤ *ɗiŋ ‘TRUE / RIGHT / STRAIGHT’PKC #114
Lolo-Burmese*m-d(y)ak ‘GOOD / PRETTY / FINE’cf. HPTB p.51; 2722 *tyak 'very/real/just'

Connections

Allofams
HPTB*t(y)ak ⪤ *t(y)ik ‘very / real / certain’pp. 65, 324, 507, 508

Notes

This etymon has a very likely connection with #663 PTB *l(y)a(k/ŋ) GOOD / BEAUTIFUL, illustrating the widespread alternation between dental stop and liquid in TB. See Matisoff 2013 (“The dinguist’s dilemma”).

Chinese comparandum

寔 OC *d̂i̯ək, GSR #866s ‘this; this is; really’; Schuessler 2007:464 *dək; B & S 2011: (*dek); Mand. shí.
實 OC *d̂i̯ĕt, GSR #398a-c ‘solid; true; really’; Schuessler 2007:464 *dit; Mand. shí.
直 OC *di̯ək, GSR #919a ‘straight; right’; Schuessler 2007:616 *drək; B & S 2011: *N-t‹r›ək; Mand. zhí.

正 OC *t̂i̯ĕng, GSR #833j ‘first (lunar month)’; B & S 2011: *C.teŋ; Mand. zhēng.
正 OC *̵t̑i̯ĕng, GSR #833j ‘straight, correct’; B & S 2011: *teŋ-s; Mand. zhèng.
政 OC *̵t̑i̯ĕng, GSR #833r-s ‘government; rule, law; manage’; Schuessler 2007: *teŋh; B & S 2011: *teŋ-s ; Mand. zhèng.

Comment: Schuessler 2007:464 considers 實 shí with the meaning “solid, true, really” to be a phonetic variant of 寔 shí in OC. He treats as a separate etymon 實 shí, when it means “fruit” (ibid.).

Reflexes & cognates43 reflexes · 14 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)2

*Tibeto-Burmant(y)ak ⪤ t(y)ik ‘very / real / certain’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 616

1.2Kuki-Chin2

*Chintak ‘ACTUAL / REAL’VanBik 09 PKC: 171
*Chinɗik ⪤ ɗiŋ ‘TRUE / RIGHT / STRAIGHT’VanBik 09 PKC: 114

1.2.1.1Northern Chin12

Paitedik ‘authentic, true’VanBik 09 PKC: 114
Paitetak-tak ‘actual, real’VanBik 09 PKC: 171
Sizangamorpheme laimorpheme tak ‘center’VanBik 09 PKC: 171
Thadodìʔ-INV ‘true, real, right, correct’VanBik 09 PKC: 114
Thadotàʔ ‘actual, real’VanBik 09 PKC: 171
Tiddimdik³ ‘right, accurate, innocent’VanBik 09 PKC: 114
Tiddimdik³ ‘right; accurate; innocent’Bhaskararao 96 CDB: 244
Tiddimtak ‘right, correct, right (side)’Benedict 72 STC: 52n173
Tiddimtak³ ‘actual, real’VanBik 09 PKC: 171
Tiddimtak³ ‘right; real; exact’Bhaskararao 96 CDB: 1672
Tiddimˍtak n‘right (side)’Henderson 65 TidC
Tiddimˍtak/ˍtak vi‘right / correct’Henderson 65 TidC

1.2.2Central Chin10

Lai (Falam)dìk-INV be v.‘authentic, true’VanBik 09 PKC: 114
Lai (Hakha)dìŋ-I, dǐn-II be v.‘straight, true’VanBik 09 PKC: 114
Lai (Hakha)tak ‘actual, real’VanBik 09 PKC: 171
Lai (Falam)tàk ‘actual, real’VanBik 09 PKC: 171
Lushai [Mizo]dik ‘right (correct)’Marrison 67 Naga
Lushai [Mizo]dìk ‘right, accurate, true, proper, correct, just’VanBik 09 PKC: 114
Lushai [Mizo]dik ‘right; accurate’Bhaskararao 96 CDB: 244
Lushai [Mizo]tàk ‘real, true, genuine’VanBik 09 PKC: 171

1.2.3Maraic1

Lakher [Mara]ámorpheme-dāw ‘true, authentic’VanBik 09 PKC: 114

1.5Mikir [Karbi]1

Mikir [Karbi]ăprefix◦thik ‘just’Benedict 72 STC: p.52

1.7.2Northern Naga/Konyakian1

*Northern Nagatiŋ ‘straight’French 83: 560

1.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte1

Nocteaprefix◦ting ‘straight’Marrison 67 Naga

1.7.2.2Konyak-Chang3

Changtang◦sheibümorpheme ‘straight’Marrison 67 Naga
Konyakting◦khuanypuumorpheme ‘straight’Marrison 67 Naga
Wanchotang ‘straight’Marrison 67 Naga

2.1.2.1Tibetan2

Tibetan (Written)thag-pasuffix be v.‘sure, decided, certain’Benedict 72 STC: p.52

6.1Lolo-Burmese1

*Lolo-BurmeseN-d(y)ak ‘truly / very / intensitive’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 4

6.1.1Burmish2

Burmese (Written)tak-tak ~ tyak-tyak ‘very’Benedict 72 STC: p.52

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish1

Lalodá ‘permissible / O.K. / good’Björverud 94

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #2722, *m-tyak/ŋ ⪤ *tik/ŋ ‘GOOD / VERY / REAL / STRAIGHT’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2722
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: cf. HPTB pp. 51, 65, 324, 507, 508, STC p.20; ⪤ PLB *Nd(y)ak 'good' #3380
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-2722,
  title  = {{*m-tyak/ŋ ⪤ *tik/ŋ 'GOOD / VERY / REAL / STRAIGHT'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #2722},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2722}
}