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Abstract Nouns and Verbs, Psychological Verbs, Verbs of Utterance › Psychological verbs › Verbs of Conscience and Shame › Pride › Ashamed

STEDT #380

*g-yak

ASHAMED / SHY

Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

prefixginitialyrhymeak

Intermediate reconstructions

Kuki-Chin*niŋ-yak-I, -yaʔ-II ‘ASHAMED / SHY’PKC #800

Central Naga (Ao Group)*a-hjak ‘SHY / ASHAMED’PCN #253

Tangkhulic*jak ‘ASHAMED’DRM#550

Connections

Allofams

1 #2594 *s-r(y)ak ⪤ *g-yak ‘ASHAMED / SHY’
1a #379 *s-r(y)ak ‘ASHAMED / SHY’
1b #380 *g-yak ‘ASHAMED / SHY’

Notes

This root seems definitely to be allofamic with #379 PTB *s-r(y)ak ASHAMED / SHY.

Many Loloish languages have binomes consisting of this root followed by #5763 PL *ʔ-daŋ¹ ASHAMED.

Reflexes & cognates34 reflexes · 10 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)2

*Tibeto-Burmang-yak ‘ashamed’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 619

*Tibeto-Burmang-yak ‘ashamed / shy’Benedict 72 STC: 452

1.2Kuki-Chin1

*Chinniŋ-yak-I, -yaʔ-II VanBik 09 PKC: 800

1.2.1.1Northern Chin1

Thadozàʔ tsaa-I, zàa tsaat-II ‘ashamed, shy’VanBik 09 PKC: 800

1.2.2Central Chin5

Lai (Hakha)nìŋ-zak-I, -zaʔ-II be v.‘ashamed, be shy, be modest’VanBik 09 PKC: 800

Lai (Falam)níŋ-zak-INV be v.‘shy, be modest’VanBik 09 PKC: 800

Lushai [Mizo]zak vs.‘ashamed, shy’Benedict 72 STC: 452

Lushai [Mizo]zàk-I, zàh-II ‘shy, bashful’VanBik 09 PKC: 800

Lushai [Mizo]zak-zummorpheme be v.‘shy’Bhaskararao 96 CDB: 3125

1.2.3Maraic1

Lakher [Mara]nó-za be v.‘shy, to be bashful, to be modest’VanBik 09 PKC: 800

1.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)13

*Central Nagaaprefix-hjak be v.‘SHY / ASHAMED’Bruhn 14 PCN: III.253

*Aoaprefix.hjak be v.‘SHY’Bruhn 14 PCN: II.276

Ao (Chungli)-àk be v.‘shy’Temsunungsang 09 Ao: 6

Ao (Chungli)ak³¹ v.‘feel shy’Bruhn 14 PCN: II.276

Ao (Mongsen)ámorpheme◦ʰjàk be v.‘shy’Temsunungsang 09 Ao: 13

Ao (Mongsen: Longchang)amorpheme◦yak n‘shame’Marrison 67 Naga

Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)amorpheme◦hjak be v.‘shy, ashamed’Coupe 07 Ao

Lotha Nagajək³ra³morpheme- v.‘feel shy, ashamed’Bruhn 14 PCN: III.253

Lotha Nagayik◦ramorpheme n‘shame’Marrison 67 Naga

Lotha Nagayik◦ramorpheme ‘shame’Murry 78: 111

Lotha Nagayik◦ramorpheme ‘shy’Murry 78: 112

Sangtamasha ‘shy’Kumar 73 Sang

Sangtamasha n‘shame’Marrison 67 Naga

1.3.4Tangkhulic9

*Tangkhulicjak ‘ashamed’Mortensen 12 Tk: 550

Huishukəmorpheme-kʰəmorpheme-joʔ ‘ashamed’Mortensen 12 Tk: Verbs.157

Kachaikəmorpheme-kʰəmorpheme-jak ‘ashamed’Mortensen 12 Tk: Verbs.136

Tangkhulkaprefix◦khaprefix◦yak n‘shame’Marrison 67 Naga

Tangkhulkhəprefix◦yak khəvaimorpheme ‘venerable, shameful’Benedict 72 STC: 452

Tangkhulkəprefix◦khəprefix◦yak ‘pay respect, venerate; shame, veneration’Benedict 72 STC: 452

Tangkhulyək ‘ashamed’Bhat 69 TNV: 84

Tangkhul¹kəprefix¹khəprefix¹yək ‘ashamed’Weidert 87 TBTo: 996

Ukhrulkəmorpheme-kʰəmorpheme-jɐk be v.‘ashamed’Mortensen 12 Tk

1.7.3.1Jingpho3

Jingphokă³¹prefixjaʔ³¹ v.‘shy, be / bashful’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1365.19

Jingphokəyàʔ ‘ashamed’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 391

Jingphokəyaʔ vs.‘ashamed, shy’Benedict 72 STC: 452

6.1Lolo-Burmese1

*Lolo-Burmeseg-yak ‘ashamed’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 182(a)

6.1.2.2Central Loloish5

Lahuyàʔ ‘ashamed’Benedict 72 STC: 108n304

Lahu (Lancang)ʑɑ²¹tɔ³³#5763 PL *ʔ-daŋ¹ ‘ASHAMED’ v.‘shy, be / bashful’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1365.43

Lahu (Black)yàʔ-tɔ#5763 PL *ʔ-daŋ¹ ‘ASHAMED’ ‘ashamed’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 391

Lahu (Black)yàʔ-tɔ#5763 PL *ʔ-daŋ¹ ‘ASHAMED’ ‘ashamed’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 182(a)

Lahu (Yellow)ʑa⁵tɔ¹#5763 PL *ʔ-daŋ¹ ‘ASHAMED’ ‘ashamed’Chang 86

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #380, *g-yak ‘ASHAMED / SHY’.

Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/380

Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].

References: cf. STC#452, HPTB

BibTeX

@misc{stedt-380,
  title  = {{*g-yak 'ASHAMED / SHY'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #380},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/380}
}