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The Body › Torso › Shoulder

STEDT #570

*ba-k

CARRY / SHOULDER

Proto-Tibeto-Burman · exemplary

Reconstruction analysis

handlebainitialbrhymeacoverP · V

Intermediate reconstructions

Tani*bak ‘CARRY ON BACK’

Connections

See alsoCARRY ON SHOULDER

Poss. allofam#567

Notes

The allofam with final -k is attested in Tani, Jingpho, Northern Naga, and Nungish.

Chinese comparandum

負 OC *b’i̯ŭg, GSR #1000a ‘carry on the back’; Schuessler 2007:245 *bəʔ; B & S 2011: *bəʔ {[b]əʔ}; Mand. fù.

Reflexes & cognates109 reflexes · 21 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)3

*Tibeto-Burmanba ‘carry’Chou 72: 39b

*Tibeto-Burmanba ‘carry on back’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 583

*Tibeto-Burmanba ‘carry’Benedict 72 STC: 26

1NE Indian Areal Group1

Mijipa◦stuŋ#3343 PTB *t(w)a(ŋ/k) ‘SHOULDER’ ‘shoulder’Simon 79 Miji

1.1.1Tani1

*Tanibak ‘carry on back’Sun J 93 HCST: 58

1.1.1.1Western Tani17

Apatani*malmorpheme-baʔ-nɯmorpheme mjumorpheme ‘porter’Sun J 93 Tani

Apataniamorpheme-bà ‘carry on back’Sun J 93 Tani

Apatanibà-bomorpheme ‘carry (two people together)’Sun J 93 Tani

Apatanibá-gɯmorpheme ‘carry on head’Sun J 93 Tani

Apataniba-kuŋmorpheme ‘carry on the back and store’Sun J 93 Tani

Apatanibaʔ ‘carry on back’Sun J 93 HCST

Apatanibaʔ ‘carry in pocket’Sun J 93 Tani

Apatanibaʔ(-gɯmorpheme) ‘carry’Sun J 93 Tani

Apatanibaʔ-komorpheme ‘ride’Sun J 93 Tani

Bengnibak ‘carry on back’Sun J 93 HCST

Bengnibak ‘carry (a man) on back’Sun J 93 Tani

Bengnibak-rapmorpheme ‘carry (a man) onto one's back’Sun J 93 Tani

Bengnikuː#6388 PTani *koː ‘CHILD’-bak ‘carry child on back’Sun J 93 Tani

Nishingbak ‘carry’Das Gupta 69 Daf

Nishingmalmorpheme bag-bumorpheme ‘porter’Das Gupta 69 Daf

Taginbag-nammorpheme ‘carry child on back’Das Gupta 83 Tag

Taginbeŋ◦nammorpheme ‘carry on should’Das Gupta 83 Tag

1.1.2Deng13

Darang [Taraon]ba: ‘carry’Anonymous xx Tar

Darang [Taraon]bɑ⁵⁵ ‘carry (a child) on the back)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1151.22

Darang [Taraon]bɑ⁵⁵ ‘carry on back’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 575.49

Darang [Taraon]khamorpheme◦lyang#563 PTB *m/p-lyaŋ ‘SHOULDER’PKC *liaŋ ‘SHOULDER / WALL-PLATE’PKar *pleŋᴬ ‘SHOULDER’-pa: ‘shoulder’Anonymous xx Tar

Darang [Taraon]khɯ⁵⁵morphemeliɯŋ⁵³#563 PTB *m/p-lyaŋ ‘SHOULDER’PKC *liaŋ ‘SHOULDER / WALL-PLATE’PKar *pleŋᴬ ‘SHOULDER’pɑ³⁵ n‘shoulder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0090.22

Darang [Taraon]khɯ⁵⁵morphemeliɯŋ⁵³#563 PTB *m/p-lyaŋ ‘SHOULDER’PKC *liaŋ ‘SHOULDER / WALL-PLATE’PKar *pleŋᴬ ‘SHOULDER’pɑ³⁵ ‘shoulder’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 250.49

Darang [Taraon]kʰɯ⁵⁵morpheme liɯŋ³⁵#563 PTB *m/p-lyaŋ ‘SHOULDER’PKC *liaŋ ‘SHOULDER / WALL-PLATE’PKar *pleŋᴬ ‘SHOULDER’ pɑ³⁵ ‘shoulder’Sun H 80 MLD

Darang [Taraon]ɑ³¹prefixbu⁵⁵ v.‘shoulder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1473.22

Darang [Taraon]ɑ³¹prefixbu⁵⁵ ‘carry on shoulder’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 593.49

Digaroba ‘carry (a child)’Benedict 72 STC: 26

Kaman [Miju]ɑ³¹prefix pʰo⁵⁵ ‘shoulder’Sun H 80 MLD

Kaman [Miju]ɑ³¹prefixpho⁵⁵ n‘shoulder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0090.23

Kaman [Miju]ɑ³¹prefixpho⁵⁵ ‘shoulder’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 250.48

1.2.3Maraic2

Lakher [Mara]ba pyumorpheme-namorpheme ‘joints of bones’Matisoff 87 BP

Lakher [Mara]ba pyumorpheme-namorpheme ‘shoulder joint’Matisoff 87 BP

1.7.1.1Bodo6

Bodopa◦plí#563 PTB *m/p-lyaŋ ‘SHOULDER’PKC *liaŋ ‘SHOULDER / WALL-PLATE’PKar *pleŋᴬ ‘SHOULDER’ ‘shoulder’Bhat 68 Boro

Bodopa◦plí#563 PTB *m/p-lyaŋ ‘SHOULDER’PKC *liaŋ ‘SHOULDER / WALL-PLATE’PKar *pleŋᴬ ‘SHOULDER’ ‘shoulder’Matisoff 87 BP

Bodopa◦plíʔ#563 PTB *m/p-lyaŋ ‘SHOULDER’PKC *liaŋ ‘SHOULDER / WALL-PLATE’PKar *pleŋᴬ ‘SHOULDER’ ‘shoulder / arm’Weidert 87 TBTo: 1113

Kokborokpʰa◦rkoŋ#3346 PTB *k(r)waŋ ‘SHOULDER’ ‘shoulder’Tripuri 88

Lalung [Tiwa]pha◦rapmorpheme ‘shoulder’Balawan 65: 50

Mechepa◦peli#563 PTB *m/p-lyaŋ ‘SHOULDER’PKC *liaŋ ‘SHOULDER / WALL-PLATE’PKar *pleŋᴬ ‘SHOULDER’ ‘shoulder / arm’Weidert 87 TBTo: 1113

1.7.1.2Garo1

Garoba ‘carry’Benedict 72 STC: 26

1.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte3

Noctebaʔ ‘carry on back’French 83: 467

Tangsaboʔ v.‘carry(on back)(1)’Weidert 87 TBTo: 265

Tangsa (Yogli)boʔ ‘carry on back’French 83: 467

1.7.3.1Jingpho5

Jingphoba ‘carry (child on back)’Benedict 72 STC: 26

Jingphobàʔ ‘carry (on the back)’Benedict 72 STC: 19n71

Jingphopaʔ³¹ ‘carry on back’Liu 84

Jingphopaʔ³¹ ‘carry (a child) on the back)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1151.19

Jingpho¹baʔ v.‘carry(on back)(1)’Weidert 87 TBTo: 265

2.1.2Bodic1

Tsangla (Central)pha◦mosuffix ‘shoulder’Egli-Roduner: 33 7b

2.1.2.1Tibetan1

Tibetan (Written)ḥba-basuffix ‘bring, carry’Benedict 72 STC: 26

2.3.3Central Kiranti2

Khaling'bhaa◦taamorpheme ‘shoulder’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 155

Khaling'bhā◦tāmorpheme ‘shoulder’Matisoff 87 BP

2.3.4Western Kiranti1

Thulung'ba◦lammorpheme ‘shoulder blade’Allen 75

3.2Qiangic20

Ersuba⁵⁵ ‘carry on back’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 575.18

Guiqiongpɑ⁵⁵ v.‘lift up / carry’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1659.16

Guiqiongpɑ⁵⁵ ‘carry on a pole (two people)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 592.17

Guiqiongpɑ⁵⁵ ‘carry on shoulder’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 593.17

Guiqiongpə⁵⁵ ‘carry (a child) on the back)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1151.16

Lyuzude³³morphemebæ⁵³ ‘carry (a child) on the back)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1151.18

Muyaɦæ²⁴morphemeβi³³ v.‘carry (sthg.) with a pole on t’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1676.15

Muya [Minyak]ɦɛ³⁵morphemevi³³ ‘carry on shoulder’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 593.15

Namuyibɛ³³bɛ⁵⁵ ‘carry on back’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 575.19

Namuyilu³³morphemevɛ⁵⁵ ‘carry on shoulder’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 593.19

Namuyibæ³³bæ⁵⁵ ‘carry (a child) on the back)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1151.46

Namuyipæʴ³⁵ v.‘carry (money) on one’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1249.46

Namuyita³³morphemepæ⁵³dæ³¹morphemeɣu⁵³morpheme v.‘carry (sthg.) with a pole on t’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1676.46

Qiang (Longxi)bià ‘carry (child) on back’Evans 99 Qiang: 1656

Qiang (Mawo)bi ‘carry on back’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 575.8

Qiang (Mawo)biɛ ‘carry (a child) on the back)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1151.08

Qiang (Mianchi)bià ‘carry (child) on back’Evans 99 Qiang: 1656

Qiang (Mianchi)bià ‘carry (books) on back’Evans 99 Qiang: 1658

Qiang (Taoping)ba³³ ‘carry on back’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 575.9

Xumipɑ³³pɑ⁵⁵ ‘carry on back’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 575.20

3.3rGyalrongic2

Ergong (Danba)mbɯ#2177 PTB *bəw ‘CARRY (ON BACK OR SHOULDERS)’PKC *puu-I, put-II ‘CARRY (on shoulder)’PCN *pu(ʔ) ‘CARRY (SHOULDER / BACK)’PTk *wu ‘CARRY (ON SHOULDERS)’PLB *bəw² ‘CARRY ON BACK’ vɛ; mgue#5666 PQ *s-ku ⪤ *m-gu ‘CARRY (on back)’ ‘carry on back’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 575.14

Ergong (Danba)vɛ ‘carry on shoulder’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 593.14

4Nungic5

Rawang(raʔ#3366 PNungic *ra ‘SHOULDER / ARMPIT’ phu³¹#436 PTB *put-s ⪤ *pit-s ‘KNEE’MesorootsPLB *put ‘KNEE’Allofams1 #436 PTB *put-s ⪤ *pit-s ‘KNEE’1b #435 PTB *pu ‘KNEE’ thɑʔmorpheme) bɑʔ ‘carry (on shoulder)’LaPolla 03: 1353

Rawang(sam³¹morpheme rɛ⁵³morpheme) bɑʔ ɔ³¹morpheme ɛ³³morpheme ‘carry (a child) on the back’LaPolla 03: 1180

Anongba ‘carry (on the shoulder)’Benedict 72 STC: 26

Anong (Rawang/Mutwang)baʔ ‘carry (on the back)’Benedict 72 STC: 19n71

Rawangbɑʔ vt.‘lift up, carry’LaPolla 03: 1434

6.1.1Burmish7

Burmese (Spoken Rangoon)pu⁵³khõ⁵⁵morpheme ‘shoulder’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 250.40

Burmese (Written)pa'-khûm#2357 PTB *ku(ː)m ‘ARCHED / VAULTED / CONCAVE / CONVEX’ ‘shoulder’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 399

Burmese (Written)paʼ-khûṁmorpheme ‘shoulders’Benedict 76 WBur

Burmese (Written)pa◦khuṁ:#2357 PTB *ku(ː)m ‘ARCHED / VAULTED / CONCAVE / CONVEX’ ‘shoulder’Marrison 67 Naga

Burmese (Written)pu¹khuṁ³#2357 PTB *ku(ː)m ‘ARCHED / VAULTED / CONCAVE / CONVEX’ ‘shoulder’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 250.39

Burmese (Written)pɑ¹khum³#2357 PTB *ku(ː)m ‘ARCHED / VAULTED / CONCAVE / CONVEX’ n‘shoulder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0090.26

Burmese (Written)pə◦kûm#2357 PTB *ku(ː)m ‘ARCHED / VAULTED / CONCAVE / CONVEX’ ‘shoulder’Matisoff 87 BP

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish2

Yi (Mile)pʰᴀ³³ni²¹morpheme ‘shoulder’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 250.25

Yi (Nanhua)pʰɛ³³tsi⁵⁵morpheme ‘shoulder’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 250.24

6.1.2.2Central Loloish6

Ahipʻɑ²² ni²¹morpheme ‘shoulder’Luo 90: 5.3

Sani [Nyi]phæ³³ ‘shoulder’Chen 86 Yi: 5.3

Yi (Sani)phæ³³n̩⁵⁵morpheme n‘shoulder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0090.39

Sani [Nyi]phæ³³ɣɯ²¹morpheme ‘shoulder blade’Chen 86 Yi: 5.3.1

Sani [Nyi]phɛ³³ni⁵⁵morpheme ‘shoulder’Wu 84

Sani [Nyi]pʰæ³³ ‘shoulder’Ma 89 SanQ: 305.7

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish14

Bisupà ‘carry on shoulder’Beaudouin 88 Bisu: 28

Bisupa hùm#754 PTB *pum ‘ARM / SHOULDER’PL *pum¹ ‘SHOULDER’ ‘shoulder’Bradley 79 PLo

Bisupà◦hòm#754 PTB *pum ‘ARM / SHOULDER’PL *pum¹ ‘SHOULDER’ ‘shoulder’Bradley 9x Bisu

Bisupà◦hùm#754 PTB *pum ‘ARM / SHOULDER’PL *pum¹ ‘SHOULDER’ ‘shoulder’Beaudouin 88 Bisu: 15

Hani (Dazhai)ba̱³¹ ‘carry on shoulder’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 593.31

Hani (Lüchun)ba̱³¹ v.‘shoulder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1473.41

Hani (Pijo)pà thà#565 PTB *d(y/w)ar ‘SHOULDER’PLB *ta ‘SHOULDER’ ‘shoulder’Hansson 89 AHKP: 472

Hani (Shuikui)pa³¹tha³¹#565 PTB *d(y/w)ar ‘SHOULDER’PLB *ta ‘SHOULDER’ ‘shoulder’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 250.32

Mpipo²-tʰa²#565 PTB *d(y/w)ar ‘SHOULDER’PLB *ta ‘SHOULDER’ ‘shoulder’Srinuan 76

Mpipo²tha²#565 PTB *d(y/w)ar ‘SHOULDER’PLB *ta ‘SHOULDER’ ‘shoulder’Bradley 79 PLo

Mpipo²tha²#565 PTB *d(y/w)ar ‘SHOULDER’PLB *ta ‘SHOULDER’ ‘shoulder’Srinuan 76

Côông [Phunoi]bò hǔm#754 PTB *pum ‘ARM / SHOULDER’PL *pum¹ ‘SHOULDER’ ‘shoulder’Bradley 79 PLo

Côông [Phunoi]ɓɔ̀◦ɦǔm#754 PTB *pum ‘ARM / SHOULDER’PL *pum¹ ‘SHOULDER’ ‘shoulder’Matisoff 87 BP

Sangkongpha³¹ phu³³#3344 PTB *baw ‘SHOULDER’PCN *puʔ ‘SHOULDER’ ‘shoulder’Li Yongsui 91 Sang

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #570, *ba-k ‘CARRY / SHOULDER’.

Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/570

Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].

References: cf. STC#026, HPTB p.24; TO BE COMBINED WITH #2144 6/2012

BibTeX

@misc{stedt-570,
  title  = {{*ba-k 'CARRY / SHOULDER'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #570},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/570}
}