STEDT #2542
*hwak
BELOW
Reconstruction analysis
handleokinitialʔrhymeokcoverT
Connections
HPTB*ʔok ‘below / under’p. 377
Notes
This root is undoubtedly related to #1364 PTB *hwaŋ BELOW / BUTTOCKS / LOWER BACK, but is here treated separately in view of the considerable semantic difference between the two.
Chinese comparandum
後 OC *g’u, GSR #115a ‘behind, after’; Schuessler 2007:280 *gôʔ~*ɦôʔ; B & S 2011: *ɢˁoʔ {[ɢ]ˁ(r)oʔ}; Mand. hòu.
Reflexes & cognates49 reflexes · 10 subgroups
0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)2
1.7.3.1Jingpho3
Jingpholă³¹#695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’MesorootsPTani *lak ‘HAND / ARM’PNN *glək ‘HAND’PLB *lakᴸ ‘HAND’PL *lakᴸ ‘HAND’Allofams1 #377 PTB *lak ⪤ *C-yak ‘ARM / HAND / WING’1a #695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’1b #696 PTB *yak ‘ARM / HAND / ARMPIT / TICKLE’1c #699 PTB *d-yak ‘HAND / ARM / LEAF’1d #700 PTB *dak ‘ARM / HAND’1e #702 PTB *g-yak ‘ARM / HAND / CUBIT’1f #705 PTB *p-yak ‘ARM’1g #350 PTB *la ‘LEG / FOOT’1h #375 PTB *ya ‘LEG / FOOT’1i #888 PTB *d-ya OR *g-ya ‘FOOT’wuʔ⁵⁵ n‘lower part of / lower reaches’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0723.19
Jingpholă³¹#695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’MesorootsPTani *lak ‘HAND / ARM’PNN *glək ‘HAND’PLB *lakᴸ ‘HAND’PL *lakᴸ ‘HAND’Allofams1 #377 PTB *lak ⪤ *C-yak ‘ARM / HAND / WING’1a #695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’1b #696 PTB *yak ‘ARM / HAND / ARMPIT / TICKLE’1c #699 PTB *d-yak ‘HAND / ARM / LEAF’1d #700 PTB *dak ‘ARM / HAND’1e #702 PTB *g-yak ‘ARM / HAND / CUBIT’1f #705 PTB *p-yak ‘ARM’1g #350 PTB *la ‘LEG / FOOT’1h #375 PTB *ya ‘LEG / FOOT’1i #888 PTB *d-ya OR *g-ya ‘FOOT’wuʔ⁵⁵ prep‘below / under’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0732.19
Jingpholə#695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’MesorootsPTani *lak ‘HAND / ARM’PNN *glək ‘HAND’PLB *lakᴸ ‘HAND’PL *lakᴸ ‘HAND’Allofams1 #377 PTB *lak ⪤ *C-yak ‘ARM / HAND / WING’1a #695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’1b #696 PTB *yak ‘ARM / HAND / ARMPIT / TICKLE’1c #699 PTB *d-yak ‘HAND / ARM / LEAF’1d #700 PTB *dak ‘ARM / HAND’1e #702 PTB *g-yak ‘ARM / HAND / CUBIT’1f #705 PTB *p-yak ‘ARM’1g #350 PTB *la ‘LEG / FOOT’1h #375 PTB *ya ‘LEG / FOOT’1i #888 PTB *d-ya OR *g-ya ‘FOOT’◦wúʔ ‘below / side (lower)’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 368
2.1.2.1Tibetan6
3.2Qiangic1
3.3rGyalrongic1
6.1Lolo-Burmese1
6.1.1Burmish12
Achang (Longchuan)uʔ³¹pa³¹suffix; a³¹prefixthe³¹morphemepa³¹suffix n‘underneath’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 58.41
6.1.2.1Northern Loloish1
6.1.2.2Central Loloish14
Lahu (Black)ɔ³¹prefixxɔ³⁵phɔ⁵³#1305 PTB *pa(ŋ/k) ‘SIDE’PKC *ɓa(a)ŋ ⪤ *pa(a)ŋ ‘WALL / FLANK / SIDE’PTk *bak ‘SIDE’ ‘back (direction)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 52.33
Lisuo̱³¹si³³morphemethi³¹morphemethe³³morpheme n‘lower half of the body’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0736.40
Lisu (Northern)ɔʔ²¹pɔ⁵⁵morpheme ‘below; under; underneath (also wɔʔ²¹pɔ⁵⁵, ɣɔʔ²¹pɔ⁵⁵)’Bradley 94 Lisu
6.1.2.3Southern Loloish11
Akhala#695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’MesorootsPTani *lak ‘HAND / ARM’PNN *glək ‘HAND’PLB *lakᴸ ‘HAND’PL *lakᴸ ‘HAND’Allofams1 #377 PTB *lak ⪤ *C-yak ‘ARM / HAND / WING’1a #695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’1b #696 PTB *yak ‘ARM / HAND / ARMPIT / TICKLE’1c #699 PTB *d-yak ‘HAND / ARM / LEAF’1d #700 PTB *dak ‘ARM / HAND’1e #702 PTB *g-yak ‘ARM / HAND / CUBIT’1f #705 PTB *p-yak ‘ARM’1g #350 PTB *la ‘LEG / FOOT’1h #375 PTB *ya ‘LEG / FOOT’1i #888 PTB *d-ya OR *g-ya ‘FOOT’-o LS-LS ~ LS-HS ‘lower side / below’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 173
Akha (Yunnan)làq#695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’MesorootsPTani *lak ‘HAND / ARM’PNN *glək ‘HAND’PLB *lakᴸ ‘HAND’PL *lakᴸ ‘HAND’Allofams1 #377 PTB *lak ⪤ *C-yak ‘ARM / HAND / WING’1a #695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’1b #696 PTB *yak ‘ARM / HAND / ARMPIT / TICKLE’1c #699 PTB *d-yak ‘HAND / ARM / LEAF’1d #700 PTB *dak ‘ARM / HAND’1e #702 PTB *g-yak ‘ARM / HAND / CUBIT’1f #705 PTB *p-yak ‘ARM’1g #350 PTB *la ‘LEG / FOOT’1h #375 PTB *ya ‘LEG / FOOT’1i #888 PTB *d-ya OR *g-ya ‘FOOT’ og phɔmorpheme ‘below’Hansson 89 AHKP: 503
Akhameh˯morpheme lu˯morpheme la˰#695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’MesorootsPTani *lak ‘HAND / ARM’PNN *glək ‘HAND’PLB *lakᴸ ‘HAND’PL *lakᴸ ‘HAND’Allofams1 #377 PTB *lak ⪤ *C-yak ‘ARM / HAND / WING’1a #695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’1b #696 PTB *yak ‘ARM / HAND / ARMPIT / TICKLE’1c #699 PTB *d-yak ‘HAND / ARM / LEAF’1d #700 PTB *dak ‘ARM / HAND’1e #702 PTB *g-yak ‘ARM / HAND / CUBIT’1f #705 PTB *p-yak ‘ARM’1g #350 PTB *la ‘LEG / FOOT’1h #375 PTB *ya ‘LEG / FOOT’1i #888 PTB *d-ya OR *g-ya ‘FOOT’ oˆ pyaw˯morpheme ‘lip (lower)’Lewis 89 AETD
Mpiʔoʔ²-tɕoʔ²#215 PTB *gyu-k ⪤ *dzyu-k ‘WAIST’PLB *gyukᴸ ⪤ *džukᴸ ‘WAIST’ ‘waist / small of back’Matisoff 78 MLBM: 13
Cite this entry
STEDT etymon #2542,
*hwak ‘BELOW’.Stable link:
https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2542Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: STC#110; related to #1364?
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-2542,
title = {{*hwak 'BELOW'}},
author = {STEDT},
year = {2017},
note = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #2542},
url = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2542}
}