STEDT
Culture, Artifacts, Religion  ›  Cooking Implements
STEDT #2742

*(t)sum

MORTAR
Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

handletsuminitialtsrhymeum=tśrucoverTS · NLTS

Intermediate reconstructions

Kuki-Chin*sʰum ‘MORTAR’PKC #691
Kuki-Chin*sʰum-khal ‘PESTLE’PKC #453
Central Naga (Ao Group)*tsh[a/ə]m ‘MORTAR’PCN #150
Tangkhulic*sum ‘MORTAR’DRM#748

Connections

HPTB*tśrum ‘mortar’p. 79

Reflexes & cognates115 reflexes · 30 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)6

*Tibeto-Burmant(s)um ⪤ (t)sum ‘mortar’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 617
*Tibeto-Burmantśrum ‘mortar’Mortensen 12 Tk

1.2Kuki-Chin2

*Chinshum-khalmorpheme ‘PESTLE’VanBik 09 PKC: 453

1.2.1.1Northern Chin4

Thadosûm ‘mortar’VanBik 09 PKC: 691
Tiddimsum¹ ‘mortar, wood mortar’VanBik 09 PKC: 691
Tiddimsum¹ ‘wooden mortar’Bhaskararao 96 CDB: 1630
Tiddimˊsum n‘mortar’Henderson 65 TidC

1.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin5

Ashoʻsün n‘mortar’VanBik 09 PKC: 691
Ashoʻsün-kʻoˊˊmorpheme ‘pestle’VanBik 09 PKC: 453
Daaishum ‘mortar’VanBik 09 PKC: 691
Khumisuung ‘mortar’VanBik 09 PKC: 691

1.2.2Central Chin5

Lai (Hakha)sûm-khâlmorpheme ‘pestle’VanBik 09 PKC: 453
Lushai [Mizo]sǔm n‘mortar, a large wooden mortar used principally for husking or pounding rice in’VanBik 09 PKC: 691

1.2.3Maraic3

Lakher [Mara]só-khàimorpheme ‘pestle’VanBik 09 PKC: 453
Lakher [Mara]só-khàomorpheme n‘mortar for pounding rice’VanBik 09 PKC: 691
Lakher [Mara]³sou²khomorpheme ‘mortar’Weidert 87 TBTo: 226

1.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)7

Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)tʃhəm◦kumorpheme n.‘paddy hulling table’Coupe 07 Ao
Lotha Nagatshəm³-poʔ³morpheme n.‘mortar’Bruhn 14 PCN: III.150
Lotha Naga³tsɯm³pomorpheme ‘mortar’Weidert 87 TBTo: 991
Lotha Naga³tsɯm³po(ʔ)morpheme ‘mortar’Weidert 87 TBTo: 226

1.3.4Tangkhulic5

Huishuʔamorpheme-suŋ-kʰu ‘mortar’Mortensen 12 Tk: Implements.010
Tusomsɯ-kuəmorpheme ‘mortar’Mortensen 12 Tk: Implements.009
Ukhrulʃim-kʰur ‘mortar’Mortensen 12 Tk

1.7.1.2Garo4

Garocaʔmorpheme-sam ‘mortar’Weidert 87 TBTo: 226
Garocaʔmorpheme◦am ‘mortar’Weidert 87 TBTo: 226
Garosam ‘mortar’Benedict 72 STC: 75
Garo (Bangladesh)cha•morpheme-am n‘mortar’Burling 03 Garo: 5.87-II:idx

1.7.1.3Koch1

Atongaprefix◦sam n‘mortar, big heavy hollowed log in which rice is flattened by pounding’van Breugel 08 Atong

1.7.2Northern Naga/Konyakian1

1.7.3.1Jingpho5

Jingphoka̱i³³morphemethum³¹ ‘mortar’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 436.47
Jingphothùm ‘mortar’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 35
Jingpho¹thum ‘mortar’Weidert 87 TBTo: 226

1.7.3.2Asakian1

Sakthuŋ ‘mortar’Huziwara 08 Sak: 118-1

2.1.2Bodic3

Tshona (Wenlang)tshom⁵⁵ ‘mortar’Lu 86 CuoM
Tshona (Mama)tshum⁵³ ‘mortar’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 436.6

2.1.3Lepcha1

Lepchatukmorpheme-tsam ‘mortar’Benedict 72 STC: 75n231

2.3.1Eastern Kiranti2

Limbusum◦banmorpheme ‘mortar’Michailovsky 89 Lm
Yamphusum◦makmorpheme n‘large mortar, made from a round, hollowed-out stone or log’Rutgers 98: 579.3

2.3.2Southern Kiranti3

Bantawachum◦pukmorpheme ‘mortar’Rai 85 BnDs
Kulungchum◦bomorpheme ‘mortar (for pounding)’Rai 75 Kul
Kulungkokmorpheme◦chum◦mamorpheme ‘mortar (for spices)’Rai 75 Kul

2.3.4Western Kiranti2

Sunwar'cum◦lomorpheme n‘mortar (tool)’Hale 73 CSD: 06a.46
Thulungkokmorpheme◦cium ‘small vertical wooden mortar (to grind salt / chili)’Allen 75

2.4Kham-Magar-Chepang3

Chepangciŋmorpheme.cyumʔ n.‘mortar used with pounding sticks’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangcyumʔ n.‘hole of pounder, mortar’Caughley 00 Chepang
Kham'chum n‘mortar (tool)’Hale 73 CSD: 06a.46

3.2Qiangic6

Ersutsu³³ŋ̩⁵⁵ ‘mortar’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 436.18
Pumi (Lanping)ʃtʃə⁵⁵lo⁵⁵morpheme n‘mortar’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0627.09
Pumi (Qinghua)tʃo⁵⁵lo⁵⁵morpheme ‘mortar’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 436.11
Pumi (Taoba)tɕu⁵⁵lu⁵³morpheme ‘mortar’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 436.10
Queyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba]dzu³⁵ki⁵³morpheme ‘mortar’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 436.16
Xumimu³³morphemetʂə̃⁵⁵ ‘mortar’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 436.20

3.3rGyalrongic2

Daofudʑɛmorpheme rdoŋ n‘mortar’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0627.12
Ergong (Danba)ʐdɔŋ qhuəmorpheme ‘mortar’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 436.14

3.3.1rGyalrong4

Caodengkəprefix-xʃəm ‘mortar’Sun J 97 Cao
rGyalrongtshəu mbomorpheme ‘mortar’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 436.12
rGBenzhentsʰu-bomorpheme ‘mortar (wooden)’Sun J 97 rGB

4Nungic3

Rawangdɔŋ³¹morpheme sɯm³³ ‘mortar’LaPolla 03: 695
Anongsum-phaŋmorpheme ‘mortar’Benedict 72 STC: 75
Dulongsɑŋ³¹pɑŋ⁵³morpheme n‘mortar’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0627.20

6.1.1Burmish21

Achang (Longchuan)tɕham³¹tɔŋ³¹morpheme ‘mortar’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 436.41
Achang (Longchuan)tɕnam³¹tɔŋ³¹morpheme n‘mortar’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0627.28
Achang (Xiandao)kai⁵⁵morpheme thum⁵¹ n‘mortar’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0627.29
Bola (Luxi)tʃhɔ̃³¹morphemetsham⁵⁵ n‘mortar’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0627.32
Langsu (Luxi)tshum³⁵thauŋ³¹morpheme n‘mortar’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0627.31
Marmachuŋ ‘mortar’Huziwara 08 Sak: 118-1
Maru [Langsu]tshum³¹thauŋ³¹morpheme ‘mortar’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 436.43
Atsi [Zaiwa]tshum⁵¹ ‘mortar’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 436.42

6.1.2Loloish1

*Loloishtsum¹ ‘mortar’Weidert 87 TBTo: 226

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish10

Gazhuotsha³¹phi³¹morpheme n‘mortar’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0627.47
Nusu (Southern)khiɔ⁵⁵morphemetshɑ³¹ ‘mortar’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Central)phɯ⁵⁵morphemetshɔ³³ n‘mortar’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0627.34
Nusu (Northern)tshɔ³¹ɑ⁵⁵morpheme ‘mortar’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Bijiang)tɕhɑ⁵⁵ ‘mortar’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 436.45
Yi (Mile)tshɯ³³dɯ²¹morphemepi³³morphemekᴀ̱³³morpheme ‘mortar’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 436.25
Yi (Mojiang)tshɯ²¹po³³morpheme ‘mortar’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 436.26
Yi (Nanhua)le̱²¹morphemetshɯ³³ n‘mortar’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0627.37
Yi (Nanhua)tshɯ³³ ‘mortar’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 436.24
Yi (Wuding)tshu³³phe³³morpheme n‘mortar’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0627.38

6.1.2.2Central Loloish10

Jinuotho⁵⁵morphemetshø³³ n‘mortar’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0627.44
Lahuchɛ̄◦mámorpheme◦qomorpheme ‘mortar’Weidert 87 TBTo: 226
Lahu (Lancang)tɕhɛ³³mɑ³⁵morphemeqo¹¹morpheme n‘mortar’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0627.43
Lahu (Black)chɛ-mámorpheme-qōmorpheme ‘mortar’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 35
Lahu (Black)tshɛ³³mᴀ³⁵morphemeqo¹¹morpheme ‘mortar’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 436.33
Lisu (Northern)læ²¹morphemetshø³³ N‘salt mortar (small)’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)tshe³³ C‘mortarful; N (in nouns related to mortar and pestle)’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)tshe³³du²¹morpheme ti⁵⁵morpheme ‘husking mortar’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisutshe⁴⁴khu⁴⁴morpheme ‘mortar’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 436.27

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish1

Akhatàmorpheme-tsḿ ‘mortar’Weidert 87 TBTo: 226

6.2Naxi4

Laze (Xiangjiao)ʈʂu˩mu˩morpheme ‘mortar’Michaud 06 NaLaze: 1280
Na (Yongning)mv˧morphemeʈʂv˩ ‘mortar’Michaud 06 NaLaze
Naxi (Lijiang)mɯ³³morphemetʂhu³¹ ‘mortar’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 436.28
Naxitʂu⁵⁵bv̩³³morphemelv̩³³morpheme n‘mortar’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0627.45

7Karenic5

*Karen (TP)chómq ‘mortar’Jones 61: 34
*Karenchómq ‘mortar’Jones 61: 34
Pa-Ochóm ‘mortar’Solnit 89 PaO
Pa-Ochóm ‘mortar’Jones 61: 34
Pa-Otśhom ‘mortar’Benedict 72 STC: 142n384

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #2742, *(t)sum ‘MORTAR’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2742
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: cf. STC#075, HPTB
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-2742,
  title  = {{*(t)sum 'MORTAR'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #2742},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2742}
}