STEDT
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STEDT #3459

*pa

BREAST / NIPPLE / MILK
Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

handlepainitialprhymeacoverP · V

Notes

This root appears mostly in Lolo-Burmese, Qiangic, and Baic. It frequently occurs reduplicated, and its simple phonological shape makes it likely that it is hypocoristic in origin. (The same may be said for #3457 PTB *mam BREAST, below.) Some Lolo-Burmese and Bai forms have been recorded with vowel constriction, but it is not yet clear whether these reflect an allofam with final stop.

Reflexes & cognates46 reflexes · 9 subgroups

1.7.1.4Deori2

Deori/Deuripu-pu-ti¹morpheme ‘breast of a female’unknown
Deori/Deuripu-pu² ‘breast of male’unknown

2.1.1Western Himalayish2

3.1Tangut2

Tangut [Xixia]phə² ‘nipple’Sofronov 97

3.2Qiangic7

Qiang (Mawo)pa pa qəstimorpheme ‘nipple’Sun H 91 MawQ: 5.4.1
Qiang (Mawo)pɑ◦pɑ ‘breast’Sun J 86 Mawo
Qiang (Mawo)pɑ◦pɑ ‘breast’Sun H 81 Qia
Qiang (Yadu)pɑ pə ‘breast’Dai 89 Qian: 121

6.1.2Loloish3

Lolophopɒ³¹ pɒ³¹ ‘breast’Dai 89 Lolo: 5.4
Lolophopɒ³¹ pɒ³¹ ‘milk’Dai 89 Lolo: 5.4.3

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish10

Nasua⁵⁵prefix pa̱²¹ ‘breast’Chen 86 Yi: 5.4
Nasua⁵⁵prefix pa̱²¹ ȵe̱⁵⁵morpheme ‘nipple’Chen 86 Yi: 5.4.1
Noesupa⁵⁵ ‘breast’Chen 86 Yi: 5.4
Noesupa⁵⁵ ‘milk’Chen 86 Yi: 5.4.3
Noesupo⁵⁵mo⁵⁵morpheme ‘nipple’Chen 86 Yi: 5.4.1

6.2Naxi2

Naxi (Western)ə⁵⁵prefixpo³¹ ‘breast’He 85
Naxi (Lijiang)ə⁵⁵prefixpo³¹ ‘breast’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 259.28

8Bai16

Bai (Bijiang)pɑ̱⁴² ‘breast’Xu 84 Bai
Bai (Bijiang)pɑ̱⁴² ‘milk’Xu 84 Bai
Bai (Dali)pɑ̱⁴² ‘breast’Xu 84 Bai
Bai (Dali)pɑ⁴² ‘breast’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 259.35
Bai (Dali)pɑ̱⁴² tsi̱⁴⁴#298 PTB *m-t(w)əy-n ⪤ *m-ti-s ‘WATER / FLUID / LIQUID / RIVER / SOAK / SPIT’PKC *tuy ‘WATER / FLUID / LIQUID’PTk *dɨ ‘WATER’PLB *m/ʔ-titᴴ ‘WET / SOAK’PKar *thejᴬ ‘WATER’ ‘milk’The second syllable of the Bai (Bijiang) form vĩ³³ ɕui³³ is an obvious loan from Chinese (cf. Mand. shuǐ), although the other Bai forms listed seem to reflect the present etymon.Xu 84 Bai
Bai (Jianchuan)pa̱⁴² ‘milk’Zhao 90: 5.4.3
Bai (Jianchuan)pa̱⁴² tu⁵⁵morpheme tsɿ³³morpheme ‘nipple’Zhao 90: 5.4.1
Bai (Jianchuan)pa̱⁴² tɯ̱²¹morpheme po̱²¹morpheme ‘nipple’Zhao 90: 5.4.1
Bai (Jianchuan)pɑ̱⁴² ‘breast’Xu 84 Bai

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #3459, *pa ‘BREAST / NIPPLE / MILK’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/3459
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: cf. *ma 3457
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-3459,
  title  = {{*pa 'BREAST / NIPPLE / MILK'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #3459},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/3459}
}