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STEDT #814

*m/g-(r)wa-ŋ/k/t

HORN / ANGLE / CORNER
Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

handlen/g-[rinitial[r]rhymeu-(ŋ/k)coverVNT

Intermediate reconstructions

Tani*rəŋ ‘HORN’JS-HCST: 193

Connections

Allofams
HPTB*gruŋ ‘horn’p. 145
See also#2008

Notes

STC #85 originally reconstructed this root as *ruŋ, but this was later changed to *rwaŋ (STC p.32, n.101), treated as an allofam of *rwa (see STC p.75, n.231).

Initial -r- in this root was preemptible after either n- (e.g. PK *noŋ, Dolakha Newar ŋwɔ̃) or -g- (e.g. Chinese jiǎo 角).

Forms like Limbu ùl taŋ, Yakha ùl taŋ ‘horn’ are probably not from this root, but could rather be from #371 PTB *m-twaŋ FOREHEAD / HEAD / HAIR (OF HEAD) / HORN.

The second syllables of the Milang, Tagin, Idu, and Galo forms resemble #388 PTB *(p/b)wa(ŋ) HEAD, but we are keeping them separate for now.

Chinese comparandum

角 OC *kǔk, GSR #1225a-c ‘horn, corner’; Schuessler 2007:309 *krôk; B & S 2011: *C.kˤrok; Mand. jiǎo.
觡 OC *klɑ̆k, GSR #766b’ ‘antlers, horns’; Schuessler 2007:253 *krâk; Mand. gé.

Reflexes & cognates214 reflexes · 34 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)10

*Tibeto-Burmang-ruŋ ‘horn / corner’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 611
*Tibeto-Burmankrəw-k ‘horn’also contains *d-krəwMatisoff 03 HPTB: 596
*Tibeto-Burmanrwa(ŋ) ‘horn / corner’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 611
*Tibeto-Burmanrwaŋ ‘horn (animal)’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 94

1NE Indian Areal Group1

Mijiʃumorpheme-ʒuŋ ‘horn’Simon 79 Miji

1.1.1Tani1

*Tanirəŋ ‘horn’Sun J 93 HCST: 205

1.1.1.1Western Tani19

Apatani(tomorpheme-romorpheme)-aprefix-rɯ ‘antenna’Sun J 93 Tani
Apataniaprefix-rɯ ‘horn’Sun J 93 HCST
Apataniaprefix-rɯ ‘antler’Sun J 93 Tani
Apataniáprefix-rɯ ‘horn’Sun J 93 Tani
Apataniaprefix-rɯ ‘horn’Sun J 93 Tani
Apatani¹aprefix◦²rɯ(²) ‘horn’Weidert 87 TBTo: 507
Bengnirɯŋ ‘horn’Sun J 93 HCST
Bengnirɯŋ ‘horn’Sun J 93 Tani
Bokaraprefix rəŋ n‘horn’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0263.24
Bokaraprefix-rəŋ ‘horn’Sun J 93 HCST
Bokaraprefix-rəŋ ‘horn, antler’Sun J 93 Tani
Bokar Lhobaaprefix raŋ ‘horn’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 176.51
Bokar Lhobaaprefix◦rəŋ ‘horn’Sun H 80 MLD
Galo`təmorpheme◦rəə n.‘elephant tusk’GLDC 09 Galo
Galo`təmorpheme◦rəə n.‘tusk (of an elephant)’GLDC 09 Galo
Galorəə◦buumorpheme n.‘horn’GLDC 09 Galo
Galorɤ◦bumorpheme ‘horn’Das Gupta 63 Gal
Galoˆrɤː◦bumorpheme ‘horn’Weidert 87 TBTo: 507
Taginroŋ◦boŋmorpheme ‘horn (of animal)’Das Gupta 83 Tag

1.1.1.2Eastern Tani5

Padam-Mishing [Abor-Miri]âprefix-reng ‘horn / antlers’Matisoff 87 BP
Damuʔaprefix-rəː ‘horn’Sun J 93 Tani
Milangre-buŋmorpheme ‘horn’Tayeng 76 Mil
Mishing [Miri]əprefix◦röŋ ‘horn’Benedict 72 STC: 85

1.1.2Deng10

Darang [Taraon]ɹɑu⁵⁵ ‘horn’Sun H 80 MLD
Kaman [Miju]kɹɑ̆ŋ³⁵ ‘horn’Sun H 80 MLD
Kaman [Miju]kɹɑ̆ŋ³⁵ ‘horn’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 176.48
Kaman [Miju]tɯ³¹morpheme sɑ̌u⁵³morpheme kɹɑ̌ŋ³⁵ ‘antler’Sun H 80 MLD
Idumacomorpheme rũ adromorpheme ‘antler’Pulu 78
Idurũm◦bomorpheme ‘horn’Pulu 78
Iduɹu⁵⁵ ‘horn (of animal)’Sun H 91 IduQ: 2.10

1.7.1Bodo-Garo1

1.7.1.1Bodo14

Bodogoŋ ‘horn’Chou 72: 1225a-c
Bodogoŋ ‘horn’Bhat 68 Boro
Bodogoŋ ‘horn / antlers’Matisoff 87 BP
Bodogoŋ ‘horn / antlers’Matisoff 87 BP
Dimasabomorpheme◦grong ‘horn’Marrison 67 Naga
Dimasabomorpheme◦groŋ ‘corner / horn’Chou 72: 1225a-c
Dimasabomorpheme◦groŋ ‘corner, horn’Benedict 72 STC: 452
Dimasagoroŋ ‘side / angle’Chou 72: 1225a-c
Dimasagoroŋ ‘side, angle’Benedict 72 STC: 452
Dimasagroŋ ‘horn’Chou 72: 1225a-c
Kokborokbəprefix=kroŋ ‘horn’Tripuri 88

1.7.1.2Garo5

Garogroŋ ‘horn’Chou 72: 1225a-c
Garogroŋ ‘horn’Weidert 87 TBTo: 89
Garogroŋ ‘horn / antlers’Matisoff 87 BP
Garogroŋ ‘horn’Benedict 72 STC: 85

1.7.1.3Koch4

Atonggoroŋ ‘horn / antlers’Matisoff 87 BP
Atongkhorong n‘horn (of animal)’van Breugel 08 Atong
Atongkorong n‘horn (of animal)’van Breugel 08 Atong
Atongkyrong n‘horn (of an animal)’van Breugel 08 Atong

1.7.2Northern Naga/Konyakian1

1.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte7

Nocterong ‘horn’Marrison 67 Naga
Nocteroŋ ‘horn’French 83: 505
Nocte¹roŋ ‘horn’Weidert 87 TBTo: 89
Tangsa¹ʌprefix³ruŋ ‘horn’Weidert 87 TBTo: 89
Tangsa (Moshang)aprefix ruŋ ‘horn’French 83: 505
Tangsa (Moshang)aprefix◦rung ‘horn’Marrison 67 Naga
Tangsa (Moshang)əprefix◦ruŋ ‘horn’Benedict 72 STC: 85

1.7.2.2Konyak-Chang10

Changlàŋ ‘horn’Weidert 87 TBTo: 89
Changlaŋ ‘horn’French 83: 505
Changsakmorpheme laŋ ‘antler’French 83: 505
Khiamngan¹²ᴜmorpheme²¹ᴜŋ ‘horn’Weidert 87 TBTo: 89
Konyakəprefix woŋ ‘horn’French 83: 505
Phomvong ‘horn’Marrison 67 Naga
Phomvoŋ ‘horn’French 83: 505
Phomwɔŋ⁵⁵ ‘horn (of animal)’Burling 98 Phom
Wanchokoroŋ ‘horn / antlers’Matisoff 87 BP
Wanchoroŋ ‘horn’French 83: 505

1.7.3.1Jingpho10

Jingphon-rung ‘horn / antlers’Matisoff 87 BP
Jingphoǹ-rūŋ ‘horn’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 142
Jingphonrung ‘horn’Marrison 67 Naga
Jingphon̩³¹ ʒuŋ³³ ‘horn’Liu 84
Jingphon³¹ʒuŋ³³ n‘horn’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0263.19
Jingphon³¹ʒuŋ³³ ‘horn’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 176.47
Jingphorung ‘horn / antlers’Matisoff 87 BP
Jingphoruŋ ⪤ nruŋ ‘horn’Benedict 72 STC: 85
Jingphou#385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’MesorootsPKC *ʔuu ‘ELDER SIBLING’Allofams1 #385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’1a #1223 PTB *du ‘HEAD’-rung ‘horn / antlers’Matisoff 87 BP
Jingpho¹bprefix²ruŋ ‘horn’Weidert 87 TBTo: 89

1.7.3.2Asakian3

Kaduyôngâ ‘horn / antlers’Matisoff 87 BP
Sakaprefix-rúng ‘horn / antlers’Matisoff 87 BP
Sakaprefix◦rúŋ ‘horn’Huziwara 08 Sak: 312

2.1.1Western Himalayish3

Bunanru◦comorpheme ‘horn (of animal)’Sharma, S.R. 91 Bu: 2.10
Kanaurirŭdʻ n‘horn’Bailey 11
Kanaurirŭdʻ ‘horn / antlers’Matisoff 87 BP

2.1.2Bodic14

Baimagɐ⁵³ ‘horn (of animal)’Sun H 91 Baim: 2.10
Kaikekhimorpheme◦jwa ‘horn (animal)’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 94
Kaikerhimorpheme◦jwa ‘horn / antlers’Matisoff 87 BP
Tsangla (Central)wamorpheme-roŋ ‘horn’Benedict 72 STC: 85
Tsangla (Central)wamorpheme◦rong ‘horn’Andvik 93: 91
Tsangla (Motuo)wa¹³morpheme roŋ¹³ ‘horn’Zhang Jichuan 86
Tsangla (Motuo)wamorpheme◦roŋ ‘horn’Sun H 80 MLD
Tsangla (Motuo)wamorpheme◦roŋ ‘horn’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 176.7
Tsangla (Tilang)wamorpheme-roŋ ‘horn’Zhang Jichuan 86
Tshona (Wenlang)ru³⁵ wɑ⁵⁵morpheme ‘horn’Lu 86 CuoM
Tshona (Mama)ruː¹³ ‘horn’Sun H 80 MLD
Motuo Menbawamorpheme roŋ n‘horn’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0263.07

2.1.2.1Tibetan27

Tibetan (Amdo:Zeku)ra cçomorpheme ‘horn’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 176.5
Tibetan (Amdo:Zeku)ræ ‘antenna, feeler’Sun J 85 Amdo: 16
Tibetan (Amdo:Zeku)ræ ɸənmorpheme ‘glue (made from melted horn)’Sun J 85 Amdo: 309
Tibetan (Balti)ri:◦čo·morpheme ‘horn’Rangan 75: 42
Tibetan (Batang)ha¹³morpheme za⁵⁵ ‘antler (of deer)’Dai 89 Bata: 2.11
Tibetan (Batang)za¹³ je⁵⁵morpheme ‘horn (of animal)’Dai 89 Bata: 2.10
Tibetan (Jirel)ro◦jyomorpheme ‘horn / antlers’Matisoff 87 BP
Sherpa'arkyokq ‘horn / antlers’Matisoff 87 BP
Tibetan (Sherpa:Helambu)rō◦wasuffix ‘horn (of animal)’Bishop 89: 2.10
Spitirà◦comorpheme ‘horn (of animal)’Bodh 91: 2.10
Spitirha◦comorpheme ‘horn (of animal)’Bodh 91: 2.10
Tibetan (Written)ru ‘horn / antlers’Matisoff 87 BP
Tibetan (Written)rwa ‘horn / antlers’Matisoff 87 BP
Tibetan (Written)rwa ‘antenna, feeler’Sun J 85 TbGl: 16
Tibetan (Written)rwa tɕomorpheme ‘horn’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 176.1
Tibetan (Written)rwa-tʃomorpheme ‘horn’Zhang Liansheng 88: 4
Tibetan (Written)rwa.spyinmorpheme ‘glue (made from melted horn)’Sun J 85 TbGl: 309

2.1.3Lepcha4

Lepcha(ăprefix-)róŋ ‘horn’Benedict 72 STC: 75n231
Lepchaaprefix-róṅ ‘horn / antlers’Matisoff 87 BP
Lepchaăprefix◦róŋ ‘horn’Benedict 72 STC: 85
Lepcharóṅ ‘horn / antlers’Matisoff 87 BP

2.2Newar2

Newar (Kathmandu)nemorpheme◦ku ‘horn’Genetti 90 Kath

2.3Kiranti1

*BSDTKgroŋ ‘horn (animal)’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 94

2.3.2Southern Kiranti1

Chamlingrung* ‘horn’Winter 85: 31

2.3.3Central Kiranti4

Dumigo ‘horn (animal)’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 94
Dumigo ‘horn’Driem 93 Dumi
Khalinggrang ‘horn (animal)’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 94
Khalinggrong ‘horn / antlers’Matisoff 87 BP

2.3.4Western Kiranti10

Bahinggro ‘horn (animal)’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 94
HayurUŋ ‘horn / antlers’Matisoff 87 BP
Hayurᴜŋ ‘horn (animal)’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 94
Sunwargroː ‘horn (animal)’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 94
Sunwargroː ‘horn / antlers’Matisoff 87 BP
Thulungraŋ◦asuffix ‘horn / antlers’Matisoff 87 BP
Thulungrəŋ ‘horn (animal)’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 94
Thulungrəŋ ‘horn’Allen 75

4Nungic1

Anongdəprefix◦riŋ ⪤ riŋ ‘horn’Benedict 72 STC: 85

8Bai5

Bai (Bijiang)qo̱⁴⁴ ‘horn’Xu 84 Bai
Bai (Dali)kv̩̄⁴⁴ ‘horn’Could alternately be from #819 PTB *d-krəw HORN.Xu 84 Bai
Bai (Jianchuan)kv̱ˌ⁴⁴ ‘antler’Zhao 90: 2.11
Bai (Jianchuan)kv̱ˌ⁴⁴ «tsã̱²¹»morpheme ‘horn’Zhao 90: 2.10
Bai (Jianchuan)kv̩̄⁴⁴ ‘horn’Xu 84 Bai

9.0.1Old Chinese5

Chinese (Old)Cprefix.kˤrok ‘horn, corner’BaxterSagart 2011: 1349
Chinese (Old)krok ‘horn / corner’Baxter 92: 1528

9.0.2Middle Chinese1

9.0.3Modern Chinese4

Chinese (Mandarin)jimorpheme◦jiaau ‘antler, horn’Sun J 85 ChGl: 17

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #814, *m/g-(r)wa-ŋ/k/t ‘HORN / ANGLE / CORNER’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/814
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: cf. STC#085, p.113; HPTB pp.145, 496, 514
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-814,
  title  = {{*m/g-(r)wa-ŋ/k/t 'HORN / ANGLE / CORNER'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #814},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/814}
}